GaussDB(DWS)
GaussDB(DWS)
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What's New
Function Overview
Product Bulletin
Product Notice
Checking the GaussDB(DWS) Version
New Features in 9.1.0.x
Version 9.0.x (cloud native 3.0)
Version 8.3.0
New Features in 8.3.0.100
New Features and Resolved Issues in 8.3.0.x
Version 8.2.1
New Features in 8.2.1
New Features and Resolved Issues in 8.2.1.x
Version 8.2.0
Version 8.1.3
New Features in 8.1.3
New Features and Resolved Issues in 8.1.3.x
Version 8.1.1
Version 8.1.0
Version 8.0.1
Deleted Database Interfaces
Version Support Notes
Service Overview
DWS Infographic
What Is GaussDB(DWS)?
Data Warehouse Types
Data Warehouse Flavors
Advantages
Application Scenarios
Features
Concepts
Related Services
Security
Shared Responsibilities
Authentication and Access Control
Resource Access Control (IAM Permission Control)
Separation of Database Access Permissions
Permissions Management Using GRANT and REVOKE
Row-Level Access Control
Cyber Security
Data Protection Technologies
Data Backup
Transparent Data Encryption
SSL-encrypted Data Transmission
Data Redaction
Function-based Encryption
Audit and Logging
Service Resilience
Risk Monitoring
Certificates
Security Notices
Vulnerability Fixing Description
GaussDB(DWS) Permissions Management
GaussDB(DWS) Access
Restrictions
Technical Support
Service Quotas
GaussDB(DWS) Technical Specifications
Billing
GaussDB(DWS) Billing Overview
Billing Modes
GaussDB(DWS) Billing Modes
Pay-per-use
Yearly/Monthly
Discount package
Item
Billing Examples
Billing Mode Change
Introduction
Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
Yearly/Monthly to Pay-per-Use
Renewal
Overview
Manual Renewal
Bills
Arrears
Stopping Billing
Cost Management
Billing FAQs
Does Pay-per-Use Billing Stop When My Cluster Stops?
Why Is the Purchase Button Unavailable When I Create a Cluster?
How Do I Unfreeze a Cluster?
Getting Started
Quickly Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster and Importing Data for Query
GaussDB(DWS) Data Development SQL Statements
Getting Started with GaussDB(DWS)
User Guide
Using GaussDB(DWS)
Preparations
Creating a User and Granting GaussDB(DWS) Permissions
Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Custom Policy
Allowing GaussDB(DWS) to Manage Resources
Syntax of Fine-Grained Permission Policies
RBAC Syntax of RBAC Policies
Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Creating a Dedicated GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Creating a GaussDB(DWS)Storage-Compute Coupled Cluster
Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Storage-Compute Decoupled Cluster
Before You Start: Performance Management Requirements
Before You Start: High Availability and Reliability Requirements
Connecting to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Overview
Obtaining the Connection Address of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Using a Visualization Tool to Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Using the SQL Editor to Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Overview
Using the SQL Editor to Connect to a Cluster
Data Development Operations
Data Development Settings
Using Data Studio to Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Using the CLI to Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Downloading the Client
Using the Linux gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Windows gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSL Mode
Using a Third-Party Database Adapter for GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Connection
Using the JDBC and ODBC Drivers to Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Development Specifications
JDBC Version Description
Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver
Using JDBC to Connect to a Cluster
Configuring JDBC to Connect to a Cluster (Load Balancing Mode)
Configuring JDBC to Connect to a Cluster (IAM Authentication Mode)
Third-party Connection Pool of the JDBC Configuration Database
Using ODBC to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Third-Party Database Adapter Psycopg2 (in Python) for GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Connection
Using the Third-Party Database Adapter PyGreSQL (in Python) for GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Connection
Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Database and User
Migrating Service Data to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Migrating Data to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Using GDS-Kafka
Overview
Managing Instances
Managing Connections
Managing Table Mappings
Managing Jobs
Data Source Management
MRS Data Sources
MRS Data Source Usage Overview
Creating an MRS Data Source Connection
Updating the MRS Data Source Configuration
Managing OBS Data Sources
Managing LakeFormation Data Sources
GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Data Security and Encryption
Enabling Separation of Duties for GaussDB(DWS) Database Users
Using KMS to Encrypt GaussDB(DWS) Clusters
Enabling Critical Operation Protection for the GaussDB(DWS) Console
GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Management
Viewing GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Details
Checking the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Status
Viewing the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Topology
Managing GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Connections
Managing GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Access Domain Names
Binding and Unbinding ELBs for a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Adding or Deleting a CN in a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Managing GaussDB(DWS) Database Connections
GaussDB(DWS) Resource Load Management
DWS Resource Management Overview
Creating and Managing a DWS Resource Pool
Creating and Managing a DWS Resource Management Plan
Configuring the Schema Storage Space of the DWS Database
Configuring DWS Exception Rules
Using GaussDB(DWS) Query Filters to Intercept Slow SQL Statements
Managing GaussDB(DWS) Logical Clusters
Logical Cluster Overview
Adding/Deleting a Logical Cluster
Managing Logical Clusters
Elastically Adding or Deleting a Logical Cluster
Tutorial: Converting a Physical Cluster That Contains Data into a Logical Cluster
Tutorial: Dividing a New Physical Cluster into Logical Clusters
Tutorial: Setting a Read-Only Logical Cluster and Binding It to a User
Modifying GUC Parameters of the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Managing GaussDB(DWS) Tags
Overview
Managing Tags
Resetting the Password the GaussDB(DWS) Database Administrator
Starting, Stopping, and Deleting a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Managing Enterprise Projects
GaussDB(DWS) Cluster O&M
Viewing GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Monitoring Information on the Monitoring Panel (DMS)
Viewing the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Monitoring Overview
Enabling and Disabling GaussDB(DWS) Monitoring Metrics
Viewing Monitoring Metrics of a DWS Cluster
Viewing Node Metrics of a DWS Cluster
Viewing Performance Metrics of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Viewing GaussDB(DWS) Database Details
Viewing Real-Time SQL Records of GaussDB(DWS)
Viewing Historical SQL Records of GaussDB(DWS)
Viewing Slow DN Instances of GaussDB(DWS)
Viewing the Usage of the GaussDB(DWS) Resource Pool
Diagnosing SQL Statements of GaussDB(DWS)
Using SQL Probes of GaussDB(DWS)
Collecting Statistics on and Diagnosing GaussDB(DWS) Data Tables
Checking GaussDB(DWS) Workload Reports
Viewing Task Details on the GaussDB(DWS) Monitoring Panel
Viewing GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Monitoring Information on Cloud Eye
Monitoring and Diagnosing a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Viewing and Subscribing to GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Alarms
Alarm Management
Alarm Rules
Alarm Subscriptions
Alarm Handling
DWS_2000000001 Node CPU Usage Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000006 Node Data Disk Usage Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000009 Node Data Disk I/O Usage Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000012 Node Data Disk Latency Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000016 Data Spilled to Disks of the Query Statement Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000017 Number of Queuing Query Statements Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000018 Queue Congestion in the Default Cluster Resource Pool
DWS_2000000020 Long SQL Probe Execution Duration in a Cluster
DWS_2000000023 A Vacuum Full Operation That Holds a Lock for A Long Time Exists in the Cluster
DWS_2000000026 Data Written by a CN Instance in a DWS Cluster to Disks Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000027 Memory Usage of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Node Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000028 Dynamic Memory Usage of GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Nodes Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000029 Usage of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Resource Pool Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000030 Session Usage in a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000031 Active Session Usage in a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000032 Number of Database Deadlocks in a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000033 GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Database Session Usage Exceeds the Threshold
1078919264 Remaining DWS Database Disk Capacity Warning
1078919265 Remaining DWS Database Disk Capacity Is Insufficient
1078919266 Remaining GaussDB(DWS) Database Disk Capacity Is Severely Insufficient
1078919169 DWS Data Instance Connections Exceed the Threshold
Viewing and Subscribing to GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Events
Viewing GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Events
Subscribing to GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Events
Common O&M Commands of GaussDB(DWS)
Backing Up and Restoring a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
GaussDB(DWS) Snapshot Overview
Configuring GaussDB(DWS) Snapshot Parameters
Backing Up a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Creating and Managing a GaussDB(DWS) Snapshot
Configuring and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Automated Snapshots
Restoring a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Constraints on Restoring a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Using Snapshots
Restoring a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Snapshot
Restoring a GaussDB(DWS) Table Snapshot
Viewing Snapshots of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Scaling GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Nodes
Viewing Inspection Results
Managing Nodes
Scaling Nodes
Scaling Out a Cluster
Cluster Redistribution
Scaling In a Cluster
Changing GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Specifications
Using the Elastic Specification Change
Changing All Specifications
Disk Capacity Expansion of an EVS Cluster
GaussDB(DWS) Cluster DR Management
GaussDB(DWS) Cluster DR Scenarios
Creating and Starting DR for a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Performing a DR Switchover for the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Stopping and Deleting DR for a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Upgrading a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Log Management
Log Types Supported by GaussDB(DWS) Clusters
Dumping GaussDB(DWS) Database Audit Logs
Viewing GaussDB(DWS) Database Audit Logs
Viewing Operation Logs on the GaussDB(DWS) Console
Viewing Other Logs of the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Handling Abnormal GaussDB(DWS) Clusters
Reclaiming GaussDB(DWS) Space Using Vacuum
Intelligent O&M Overview
Managing O&M Plans
Viewing O&M Tasks
Authorizing a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster O&M Account
Best Practices
Overview
Import and Export
Importing Data to DWS
Transferring Data Between OBS Buckets and DWS Clusters
Using GDS to Import Table Data from a Remote Server to a DWS Cluster
Importing Table Data from MRS Hive to a DWS Cluster
Enabling Cross-Cluster Access of Hive Metastore Through an External Schema
Importing Table Data from DLI to a DWS Cluster
Exporting ORC Data from a DWS Cluster to an MRS Cluster
Data Migration
Using CDM to Migrate Oracle Data to a DWS Cluster
Migration Process
Required Tools
Migrating Table Definition
Installing the PL/SQL Developer on the Local Host
Migrating Table Definitions and Syntax
Migrating Full Table Data
Configuring a DWS Data Source Connection
Configuring an Oracle Data Source Connection
Migrating Tables
Verification
Migrating Service SQL Statements
Migrating Syntax
Verification
Using CDM to Migrate MySQL Data to a DWS Cluster
Using a Flink Job of DLI to Synchronize MySQL Data to a DWS Cluster in Real Time
Using CDM to Migrate Data from Hologres to a DWS Cluster
Using Kettle to Migrate Small Tables from AWS Redshift to a DWS Cluster
Using CDM to Migrate Data from AnalyticDB for MySQL to a DWS Cluster
Using a Flink Job of DLI to Synchronize Kafka Data to a DWS Cluster in Real Time
Migrating Data Between DWS Clusters Using GDS
Data Analytics
Using DWS to Query Vehicle Routes at Traffic Checkpoints in Seconds
Using DWS to Analyze the Supply Chain Requirements of a Company
Using DWS to Analyze the Operational Status of a Retail Department Store
Interconnecting DWS with Power BI
Decoupled Storage and Compute
Usage Suggestions and Performance Optimization for DWS 3.0 Storage-Compute Decoupled Clusters
Data Development
Using the Turbo Engine to Improve Data Query Performance
Cutting Costs by Switching Between Cold and Hot Data Storage in DWS
Cutting Partition Maintenance Costs for the E-commerce and IoT Industries by Leveraging Automatic Partition Management Feature
Improving Development Efficiency by Leveraging the View Decoupling and Rebuilding Function
Best Practices for Using HStore Tables
Best Practice of Converting a Time Series Table to an HStore Table
Best Practices of GIN Index
Encrypting and Decrypting Data Columns
Managing Data Permissions Through Views
Database Management
Role-based Access Control (RBAC)
Configuring Read-Only Permissions
Best Practices for User Management
Viewing Table and Database Information
Best Practices of Database SEQUENCE
Performance Tuning
Optimizing Table Structure Design to Enhance DWS Query Performance
Before Optimization: Learning Table Structure Design
Step 1: Creating an Initial Table and Loading Sample Data
Step 2: Testing System Performance of the Initial Table and Establishing a Baseline
Step 3: Optimizing a Table
Step 4: Creating Another Table and Loading Data
Step 5: Testing System Performance in the New Table
Step 6: Evaluating the Performance of the Optimized Table
Appendix: Table Creation Syntax
Excellent Practices for SQL Queries
Data Skew Queries
Real-Time Detection of Storage Skew During Data Import
Quickly Locating the Tables That Cause Data Skew
Analyzing SQL Statements That Are Being Executed to Handle DWS Performance Issues
Cluster Management
Binding Different Resource Pools to Two Types of Jobs to Balance Load for DWS
Scaling Options for DWS with a Coupled Storage-Compute Architecture
Security Management
DWS Security Best Practices
Data Migration and Synchronization
Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)
Importing Data
Importing Data from OBS in Parallel
About Parallel Data Import from OBS
Importing CSV/TXT Data from OBS
Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)
Uploading Data to OBS
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Importing ORC or CarbonData Data from OBS
Preparing Data on OBS
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables
Deleting Resources
Supported Data Types
Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS
Preparing Source Data
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster
Overview
Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster
Manually Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Importing Data
Deleting Resources
Error Handling
Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another
GDS-based Cross-Cluster Interconnection
Using Kettle to Import Data
Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN
Introduction to the CopyManager Class
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
Full Database Migration
Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)
Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts
Real-time Import
Real-time Data Import From Kafka GaussDB(DWS)
Metadata Migration
Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata
Overview
Exporting a Single Database
Exporting a Database
Exporting a Schema
Exporting a Table
Exporting All Databases
Exporting All Databases
Exporting Global Objects
Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions
Using gs_restore to Import Data
Exporting Data
Exporting Data to OBS
Parallel OBS Data Export
Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Examples
Exporting ORC Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Exporting ORC Data to MRS
Overview
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server
Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS
Planning Data Export
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Stopping GDS
Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS
Other Operations
GDS Pipe FAQs
Checking for Data Skew
Analyzing a Table
Developer Guide
Developer Guide (9.1.0.x)
Before You Start
GaussDB(DWS) Development Design Proposal
Overview
GaussDB(DWS) Connection Management Specifications
GaussDB(DWS) Object Design Specifications
DATABASE Object Design
USER Object Design
Schema Object Design
TABLESPACE Object Design
TABLE Object Design (Prioritized)
INDEX Object Design (Prioritized)
VIEW Object Design
GaussDB(DWS) SQL Statement Development Specifications
DDL Operations
INSERT Operation
UPDATE and DELETE Operations
SELECT Operation
GaussDB(DWS) Foreign Table Function Development Specifications
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure Development Specifications
Detailed Design Rules for GaussDB(DWS) Objects
GaussDB(DWS) Database Object Naming Rules
GaussDB(DWS) Database Object Design Rules
GaussDB(DWS) Database and Schema Design Rules
GaussDB(DWS) Table Design Rules
GaussDB(DWS) Column Design Rules
GaussDB(DWS) Constraint Design Rules
Design Rules for GaussDB(DWS) Views and Associated Tables
GaussDB(DWS) JDBC Configuration Rules
GaussDB(DWS) SQL Writing Rules
Rules for Using Custom GaussDB(DWS) External Functions (pgSQL/Java)
Rules for Using GaussDB(DWS) PL/pgSQL
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Database Objects
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Databases
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Schemas
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Tables
Selecting a GaussDB(DWS) Table Storage Model
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Indexes
Creating and Using GaussDB(DWS) Sequences
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Views
Creating and Managing GaussDB(DWS) Scheduled Tasks
Viewing GaussDB(DWS) System Catalogs
Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL
GaussDB(DWS) Database Security Management
GaussDB(DWS) User and Permissions Management
GaussDB(DWS) Database User Types
GaussDB(DWS) Database User Management
Creating a Custom Password Policy for GaussDB(DWS)
GaussDB(DWS) Database Permissions Management
Separation of Duties in GaussDB(DWS)
GaussDB(DWS) Sensitive Data Management
GaussDB(DWS) Row-Level Access Control
GaussDB(DWS) Data Masking
Encrypting and Decrypting GaussDB(DWS) Strings
Using pgcrypto to Encrypt GaussDB(DWS) Data
GaussDB(DWS) Data Query
GaussDB(DWS) Single-Table Query
GaussDB(DWS) Multi-Table Join Query
GaussDB(DWS) Subquery Expressions
GaussDB(DWS) WITH Expressions
Usage of GaussDB(DWS) UNION
Data Reading/Writing Across Logical Clusters
SQL on Hudi
Introduction to Hudi
Preparations Before Using Hudi
Hudi User Interfaces
Creating a Hudi Data Description (Foreign Table)
Synchronizing Hudi Tasks
Querying a Hudi Foreign Table
Accessing Hudi Tables on MRS
GaussDB(DWS) Sorting Rules
GaussDB(DWS) User-Defined Functions
GaussDB(DWS) PL/Java Functions
GaussDB(DWS) PL/pgSQL Functions
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure
Overview
Converting Data Types in GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedures
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure Array and Record
Arrays
record
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure Declaration Syntax
Basic Statements of GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedures
Dynamic Statements of GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedures
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure Control Statements
RETURN Statements
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Other Statements in a GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure Cursor
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure Advanced Package
DBMS_LOB
DBMS_RANDOM
DBMS_OUTPUT
UTL_RAW
DBMS_JOB
DBMS_SQL
GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure Debugging
Using PostGIS Extension
PostGIS
Using PostGIS
PostGIS Support and Constraints
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)
Using JDBC or ODBC for GaussDB(DWS) Secondary Development
Prerequisites
JDBC-Based Development
JDBC Development Process
JDBC Package and Driver Class
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Common JDBC Development Examples
Processing RoaringBitmap Result Sets and Importing It to GaussDB (DWS)
JDBC Interfaces
ODBC-Based Development
ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
ODBC Development Example
ODBC APIs
GaussDB(DWS) Resource Monitoring
User Resource Monitoring
Resource Pool Monitoring
Monitoring Memory Resources
Instance Resource Monitoring
Real-time Top SQL
Historical Top SQL
Example for Querying for Top SQLs
GaussDB(DWS) Performance Tuning
Overview
Performance Diagnosis
Cluster Performance Analysis
Slow SQL Analysis
Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most
Checking Blocked Statements
SQL Diagnosis
Table Diagnosis
System Optimization
Tuning Database Parameters
SMP Parallel Execution
Configuring LLVM
SQL Tuning
SQL Query Execution Process
SQL Execution Plan
Execution Plan Operator
SQL Tuning Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Advanced SQL Tuning
SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Tuning Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Proactive Preheating and Tuning of Disk Cache
SQL Statement Rewriting Rules
Configuring Optimizer Parameters
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Hint That Disables Subquery Pull-up
Drive Hints
Dictionary Code Hint
Configuration Parameter Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Plan Hint Cases
Routinely Maintaining Tables
Routinely Recreating an Index
Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors
Query Band Load Identification
SQL Tuning Examples
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance
Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key
Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table
Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys
Case: Converting from NOT IN to NOT EXISTS
GaussDB(DWS) System Catalogs and Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_BLOCKLIST_QUERY
GS_BLOCKLIST_SQL
GS_OBSSCANINFO
GS_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_BLOCKLISTS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_ENUM
PG_EXCEPT_RULE
PG_EXTERNAL_NAMESPACE
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FINE_DR_INFO
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB_INFO
PG_JOBS
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_MATVIEW
PG_MATVIEW_DEPEND
PG_MATVIEW_PARTITION
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OBSSCANINFO
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_PUBLICATION
PG_PUBLICATION_NAMESPACE
PG_PUBLICATION_REL
PG_RANGE
PG_REDACTION_COLUMN
PG_REDACTION_POLICY
PG_RELFILENODE_SIZE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_STAT_OBJECT
PG_SUBSCRIPTION
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
SNAPSHOT
TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
System Catalogs for Performance View Snapshot
System Views
ALL_ALL_TABLES
ALL_CONSTRAINTS
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
ALL_COL_COMMENTS
ALL_DEPENDENCIES
ALL_IND_COLUMNS
ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ALL_INDEXES
ALL_OBJECTS
ALL_PROCEDURES
ALL_SEQUENCES
ALL_SOURCE
ALL_SYNONYMS
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
ALL_TABLES
ALL_USERS
ALL_VIEWS
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_USERS
DBA_COL_COMMENTS
DBA_CONSTRAINTS
DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
DBA_INDEXES
DBA_OBJECTS
DBA_PART_INDEXES
DBA_PART_TABLES
DBA_PROCEDURES
DBA_SEQUENCES
DBA_SOURCE
DBA_SYNONYMS
DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
DBA_TABLES
DBA_TABLESPACES
DBA_TRIGGERS
DBA_VIEWS
DUAL
GET_ALL_TSC_INFO
GET_TSC_INFO
GLOBAL_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
GLOBAL_REDO_STAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
GLOBAL_TABLE_STAT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_BLOCKLIST_QUERY
GS_BLOCKLIST_SQL
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
GS_OBS_READ_TRAFFIC
GS_OBS_WRITE_TRAFFIC
GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
GS_OBS_LATENCY
GS_QUERY_MONITOR
GS_QUERY_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_REL_IOSTAT
GS_RESPOOL_RUNTIME_INFO
GS_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_RESPOOL_MONITOR
GS_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_DB_CU
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
GS_TABLE_STAT
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_USER_MONITOR
GS_USER_TRANSACTION
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH
GS_VIEW_INVALID
GS_WAIT_EVENTS
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
MPP_TABLES
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_QUERY_SPEED
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GLOBAL_TEMP_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_JOB_SINGLE
PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE
PG_LOCKS
PG_LWLOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SEQUENCES
PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VIEWS
PG_WLM_STATISTICS
PGXC_AIO_RESOURCE_POOL_STATS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_INFO
PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PGXC_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_COMM_QUERY_SPEED
PGXC_DEADLOCK
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_STATS
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_ALL_STATS
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_PATH_INFO
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_GLOBAL_TEMP_ATTACHED_PIDS
PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS
PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME
PGXC_LOCKWAIT_DETAIL
PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS
PGXC_LWLOCKS
PGXC_MEMORY_DEBUG_INFO
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
PGXC_OBS_IO_SCHEDULER_STATS
PGXC_OBS_IO_SCHEDULER_PERIODIC_STATS
PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_POOLER_STATUS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_REDO_STAT
PGXC_REL_IOSTAT
PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PGXC_RESPOOL_RUNTIME_INFO
PGXC_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_INFO
PGXC_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PGXC_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SETTINGS
PGXC_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER
PGXC_STAT_DATABASE
PGXC_STAT_OBJECT
PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION
PGXC_STAT_TABLE_DIRTY
PGXC_STAT_WAL
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
PGXC_TABLE_STAT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE
PGXC_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PGXC_WAIT_DETAIL
PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_TABLE_DISTRIBUTION_SKEWNESS
PGXC_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_MATVIEW_DETAIL
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_RUNTIME_ATTSTATS
PV_RUNTIME_RELSTATS
REDACTION_COLUMNS
REDACTION_POLICIES
REMOTE_TABLE_STAT
SHOW_TSC_INFO
SHOW_ALL_TSC_INFO
USER_COL_COMMENTS
USER_CONSTRAINTS
USER_CONS_COLUMNS
USER_INDEXES
USER_IND_COLUMNS
USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
USER_IND_PARTITIONS
USER_JOBS
USER_OBJECTS
USER_PART_INDEXES
USER_PART_TABLES
USER_PROCEDURES
USER_SEQUENCES
USER_SOURCE
USER_SYNONYMS
USER_TAB_COLUMNS
USER_TAB_COMMENTS
USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
USER_TABLES
USER_TRIGGERS
USER_VIEWS
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_LONGOPS
GUC Parameters of the GaussDB(DWS) Database
Viewing GUC Parameters
Configuring GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Statement Disk Space Control
Kernel Resources
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Asynchronous I/O Operations
Disk Caching
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Logs
Settings
Checkpoints
HA Replication
Primary Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Runtime Statistics
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Resource Management
Automatic Cleanup
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Zone and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Developer Operations
Auditing
Audit Switch
Operation Audit
Transaction Monitoring
GTM Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
GaussDB(DWS) Developer Terms
Hybrid Data Warehouse
Introduction to Hybrid Data Warehouse
Support and Constraints
Hybrid Data Warehouse Syntax
CREATE TABLE
INSERT
DELETE
UPDATE
UPSERT
MERGE INTO
SELECT
ALTER TABLE
Hybrid Data Warehouse Functions
Hybrid Data Warehouse Binlog
Subscribing to Hybrid Data Warehouse Binlog
Real-Time Binlog Consumption by Flink
Historical Versions
SQL Syntax Reference
SQL Syntax Reference (9.1.0.x)
GaussDB(DWS) SQL Overview
GaussDB(DWS) SQL Syntax
Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL
Keyword
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Type
Character Types
Binary Data Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Array
Enumeration Type
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
Text Search Types
UUID Type
JSON Types
RoaringBitmap
HLL Data Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Range Types
Composite Types
Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables
XML
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Numeric Functions and Operators
Numeric Operators
Numeric Functions
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Date and Time Operators
Date and Time Functions
EXTRACT
date_part
date_format
time_format
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Array Operators
Array Functions
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Type Conversion Functions
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions
Security Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
Range Functions and Operators
Range Operators
Range Functions
Data Redaction Functions
Bitmap Functions and Operators
Roaring Bitmap Operators
Bitmap Functions
Roaring Bitmap Aggregation Functions
Use Cases
UUID Functions
Text Search Functions and Operators
Text Search Operators
Text Search Functions
Text Search Debugging Functions
HLL Functions and Operators
HLL Operators
Hash Functions
Precision Functions
Aggregate Functions
Functional Functions
Built-in Functions
Set Returning Functions
Series Generating Functions
Subscript Generating Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Geometric Operators
Geometric Functions
Geometric Type Conversion Functions
Network Address Functions and Operators
cidr and inet Operators
Network Address Functions
System Information Functions
Session Information Functions
Access Privilege Inquiry Functions
Schema Visibility Inquiry Functions
System Catalog Information Functions
System Function Checking Function
Comment Checking Functions
Transaction IDs and Snapshots
Computing Node Group Function
Lock Information Function
System Management Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signaling Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Replication Functions
Resource Management Functions
Memory Management Functions
Other Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Backup Control Functions
Restoration Control Functions
Database Object Functions
Database Object Size Functions
Database Object Position Functions
Partition Management Function
Collation Version Function
Hot and Cold Table Functions
Residual File Management Functions
Functions for Obtaining the Residual File List
Functions for Scanning Residual Files
Functions for Verifying Residual Files
Functions for Deleting Residual Files
Using Residual File Management Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
XML Functions
Generating XML Content
XML Predicates
Processing XML
Mapping a Table to XML
Call Stack Recording Functions
Hudi System Functions
Funnel and Retention Functions
EXTERNAL SCHEMA System Functions
Storage-Compute Decoupling Functions
Data Sharing Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Conditional Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Full Text Search
Introduction
Full-Text Retrieval
What Is a Document?
Basic Text Matching
Configurations
Tables and Indexes
Searching a Table
Creating an Index
Constraints on Index Use
Controlling Text Search
Parsing Documents
Parsing Queries
Ranking Search Results
Highlighting Results
Additional Features
Manipulating tsvector
Manipulating Queries
Rewriting Queries
Gathering Document Statistics
Parsers
Dictionaries
Overview
Stop Words
Simple Dictionary
Synonym Dictionary
Thesaurus Dictionary
Ispell Dictionary
Snowball Dictionary
Configuration Examples
Testing and Debugging Text Search
Testing a Configuration
Testing a Parser
Testing a Dictionary
Limitations
System Operation
Transaction Management
DDL Syntax
DDL Syntax Overview
ALTER BLOCK RULE
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER EXCEPT RULE
ALTER EXTERNAL SCHEMA
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (GDS Import and Export)
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LARGE OBJECT
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER PUBLICATION
ALTER REDACTION POLICY
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE BLOCK RULE
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE EXCEPT RULE
CREATE EXTERNAL SCHEMA
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE PUBLICATION
CREATE REDACTION POLICY
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CURSOR
DISCARD
DROP BLOCK RULE
DROP DATABASE
DROP EXCEPT RULE
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP OWNED
DROP PUBLICATION
DROP REDACTION POLICY
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SUBSCRIPTION
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
FETCH
MOVE
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RENAME TABLE
RESET
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SHOW
TRUNCATE
VACUUM
DML Syntax
DML Syntax Overview
CALL
COPY
DELETE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
LOCK
MERGE INTO
INSERT and UPSERT
INSERT
UPSERT
UPDATE
VALUES
DCL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
DEALLOCATE
DO
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
GRANT
PREPARE
REASSIGN OWNED
REVOKE
DQL Syntax
DQL Syntax Overview
SELECT
SELECT INTO
TCL Syntax
TCL Syntax Overview
ABORT
BEGIN
CHECKPOINT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
PREPARE TRANSACTION
SAVEPOINT
SET TRANSACTION
START TRANSACTION
ROLLBACK
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
Historical Versions
Tool Guide
Overview
Downloading Related Tools
gsql
Overview
Downloading the Client
Instruction
Using the Linux gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Windows gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSL Mode
Online Help
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Data Studio
About Data Studio
Overview
Constraints and Limitations
System Requirements
Customizing Data Studio
Downloading and Installing the Data Studio Client
Configuring Data Studio
Configuring SSL Connection
Connection Management
Database Management
Database Management
Schema Management
Function/Procedure Management
Table Management
Creating a Regular Table
Defining a Regular Table
Managing Columns
Managing Constraints
Managing Indexes
Creating a Partitioned Table
Managing Table Data
Editing Temporary Tables
Creating a Foreign Table
View Management
Sequence Management
Users/Roles
SQL Terminal Management
Opening Multiple SQL Terminal Tabs
Managing the SQL Query Execution History
Opening and Saving SQL Scripts
Viewing Table Properties, PL/SQL Functions/Procedures on the SQL Terminal Page
Terminating an Ongoing SQL Query
Formatting of SQL Queries
Selecting a DB Object in the SQL Terminal
Viewing the Execution Plan and Costs
Viewing the Query Execution Plan and Cost Graphically
Working with SQL Terminals
Exporting Query Results
Managing Connections in the SQL Terminal
Security Management
Troubleshooting
FAQs
GDS
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
gds
gds_ctl.py
Handling Import Errors
DSC
About This Document
Intended Audience
Document Conventions
Third-party Licenses
Introduction to DSC
Overview
Operating Environment
Using DSC
Overview
Downloading and Installing DSC
Configuring DSC
DSC Configuration
Teradata SQL Configuration
Teradata Perl Configuration
MySQL Configuration
SQL Server Configuration
Oracle SQL Configuration
Netezza Configuration
Migration Process
Prerequisites
Preparations
Executing DSC
Viewing Output Files and Logs
Troubleshooting
Database Schema Conversion
Migration Parameters
Teradata SQL Migration
Teradata Perl Migration
MySQL SQL Migration
Oracle SQL Migration
Netezza SQL Migration
Verification
Version Command Migration
Help Command Migration
Log Reference
Overview
SQL Migration Logs
Perl Migration Logs
Teradata Syntax Migration
Supported Keywords and Features
Constraints and Limitations
Data Type
Functions and Operators
Analytical Functions
Math Functions
String Functions
Date and Time Functions
Comparison and List Operators
Table Operators
Query Optimization Operators
QUALIFY
ALIAS
FORMAT and CAST
Short Keys Migration
Migration of Object Names Starting with $
Migrating Tables
CREATE TABLE
CHARACTER SET and CASESPECIFIC
VOLATILE
SET
MULTISET
TITLE
Indexes
CONSTRAINT
COLUMN STORE
PARTITION
ANALYZE
Support for Specified Columns
Migrating Indexes
Migrating Views
COLLECT STATISTICS
ACCESS LOCK
DBC.COLUMNS
DBC.TABLES
DBC.INDICES
SHOW STATS VALUES SEQUENCED
COMMENT
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
INSERT
SELECT
UPDATE
DELETE
MERGE
NAMED
ACTIVITYCOUNT
TIMESTAMP
Type Casting and Formatting
BTEQ Utility Command
Teradata Formats
System Views
MySQL Syntax Migrating
Supported Keywords and Features
Data Types
Numeric Types
Date/Time Types
String Types
Spatial Data Types
LOB Types
Set Types
Boolean
Binary Types
JSON Types
Functions and Expressions
Table (Optional Parameters and Operations)
ALGORITHM
ALTER TABLE RENAME
AUTO_INCREMENT
AVG_ROW_LENGTH
BLOCK_SIZE
CHARSET
CHECKSUM
CLUSTERED KEY
COLLATE
COMMENT
CONNECTION
DEFAULT
DELAY_KEY_WRITE
DISTRIBUTE BY
DIRECTORY
ENGINE
FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS
IF NOT EXISTS
INDEX_ALL
INSERT_METHOD
KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
LOCK
MAX_ROWS
MIN_ROWS
PACK_KEYS
PARTITION BY
PASSWORD
ROW_FORMAT
STATS_AUTO_RECALC
STATS_PERSISTENT
STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES
UNION
WITH AS
CHANGE (Column Modification)
CHECK Constraint
DROP (Table Deletion)
LIKE (Table Cloning)
MODIFY (Modifying a Column)
TRUNCATE (Table Deletion)
ROUNDROBIN Table
RENAME (Table Renaming)
SET|DROP COLUMN DEFAULT VALUE
Renaming a Column
Row-Store/Column-Store Table Compression
Adding/Deleting a Column
Indexes
Unique Indexes
Normal and Prefix Indexes
Hash Indexes
B-tree Indexes
Spatial Indexes
Full-Text Indexes
Deleting an Index
Renaming an Index
Comment
Databases
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
INSERT
UPDATE
REPLACE
Quotation Marks
INTERVAL
Division Expressions
GROUP BY Conversion
ROLLUP
Transaction Management and Database Management
Transaction Management
Database Management
SQL-Server Syntax Migration
Migrating Tables
Migrating Data Types
Oracle Syntax Migration
Schema Objects
Tables
Temporary Tables
Global Temporary Tables
Indexes
Views
Sequences
PURGE
Database Keywords
COMPRESS Phrase
Bitmap Index
Custom Tablespace
Supplemental Log Data
LONG RAW
SYS_GUID
DML
Pseudo Columns
OUTER JOIN
OUTER QUERY (+)
CONNECT BY
System Functions
Date Functions
LOB Functions
String Functions
Analytical Functions
Regular Expression Functions
PL/SQL
PL/SQL Collections (Using User-Defined Types)
PL/SQL Packages
Packages
Package Variables
Splitting Packages
REF CURSOR
Creating a Schema for Package
VARRAY
Granting Execution Permissions
Package Name List
Data Type
Netezza Syntax Migration
Tables
PROCEDURE with RETURNS
Procedure
System Functions
Operator
DML
Unique Index
FAQs
Troubleshooting
Glossary
DataCheck
Introduction to DataCheck
Overview
Operating Environment
Basic Functions of DataCheck
Downloading and Installing DataCheck
Configuring DataCheck
Configuration of dbinfo.properties
Configuration of check_input.xlsx
Using DataCheck
DWS-Connector
DWS-Connector Version Description
dws-client
dws-connector-flink
Dependency
Stream API Job Type
Flink SQL Job Type
Introduction to Flink SQL
Source Table
Result Table
Dimension Table
Server Tools
gs_dump
gs_dumpall
gs_restore
gds_check
gds_install
gds_uninstall
gds_ctl
API Reference
Before You Start
Overview
API Calling
Endpoints
Constraints
Basic Concepts
API Overview
Calling APIs
Making an API Request
Authentication
Response
Getting Started
API Description
AZ
Querying AZs
Cluster Management
Creating a Cluster
Creating a Cluster (V2)
Creating a Logical Cluster
Converting a Physical Cluster to a Logical Cluster
Querying the Cluster List
Querying the Logical Cluster List
Querying Task Information About a Logical Cluster
Querying Disk Information of a Logical Cluster
Querying the Node List
Querying Information About Available Ring Nodes in a Logical Cluster
Querying Information About Ring Nodes in a Cluster Topology
Querying Cluster Details
Querying Node Types
Deleting Clusters
Deleting a Logical Cluster
Editing a Logical Cluster
Restarting a Logical Cluster
Switching to a Logical Cluster
Deleting a Node
Scaling Out with Idle Nodes
Resuming Redistribution
Suspending Redistribution
Restarting a Cluster
Scaling Out a Cluster
Resetting a Password
Performing a Check Before Cluster Creation
Scaling In a Cluster
Delivering Redistribution
Querying Redistribution Details
Querying the DSS Storage Pool List
Querying the Resource Statistics
Performing Primary-Standby Restoration
Removing the Read-only Status
Adding Disk Capacity
Modifying a Maintenance Window
Querying Cluster CN Nodes
Adding CN Nodes in Batches
Deleting CN Nodes in Batches
Querying a Cluster Parameter Group
Querying Cluster Parameter Settings
Modifying Parameter Settings of a Cluster
Querying Snapshot Statistics
Querying the Nodes to Be Removed for Scale-In
Querying Parameter Modification Audit Records
Saving Cluster Description
Querying an Instance
Snapshot Management
Creating a Snapshot
Querying the Snapshot List
Querying a Snapshot Policy
Querying Snapshot Details
Deleting a Manual Snapshot
Deleting a Snapshot Policy
Restoring a Cluster
Checking the Name of the Table to Be Restored
Restoring a Table
Obtaining Available Regions of a Cross-Region Snapshot
Configuring Cross-Region Backup
Querying All Cross-Region Snapshot Configurations
Deleting Cross-Region Backup Configurations
Copying a Snapshot
Querying the Cluster Snapshot List
Adding a Snapshot Policy
Event Management
Querying the Event List
Querying Event Configurations
Querying Subscribed Events
Creating an Event Subscription
Updating a Subscribed Event
Deleting a Subscribed Event
Data Source
Querying a Data Source
Creating a Data Source
Updating a Data Source
Deleting a Data Source
Audit logs
Querying Logs
Resource Management
Setting the Resource Management Switch
Querying the Resource Management Status
Querying Resource Statistics
Creating a Resource Pool
Deleting a Resource Pool
Querying the Resource Pool List
Obtaining Resource Pool Details
Updating Configuration Information of a Resource Pool
Associating a Resource Pool with a User
Obtaining the List of Users Bound to a Resource Pool
Unbinding a User from a Resource Pool
Creating a Resource Management Plan
Querying the Resource Management Plan List
Starting a Resource Management Plan
Viewing Plan Execution Logs
Querying Details About a Resource Management Plan
Stopping a Resource Management Plan
Deleting a Resource Management Plan
Adding a Resource Management Plan Stage
Querying Details About a Resource Management Plan Stage
Deleting a Resource Management Plan Stage
Switch to Another Resource Management Plan Stage
Querying Cluster Schema Space Information
Updating the Space Limit of a Schema
Alarm Management
Querying Alarm Configurations
Querying Alarm Details List
Querying the Alarm Statistics List
Querying the Alarm Subscription List
Creating an Alarm Subscription Task
Updating Subscribed Alarms
Deleting an Alarm Subscription
Connection Management
Applying for a Private Domain Name
Modifying a Cluster Domain Name
Deleting a Cluster Domain Name
Obtaining the Available ELB List
Binding an ELB to a Cluster
Unbinding an ELB From a Cluster
Binding an EIP to a Cluster
Unbinding an EIP from a Cluster
Tag Management
Querying Tags in a Project
Querying Cluster Tags
Adding Tags in Batches
Deleting Tags in Batches
Quota Management
Querying Resource Quotas
DR Management
Creating a DR Task
Enabling DR
Querying the DR List
Querying DR Details
Querying DR Progress
Querying the List of Available DR Clusters
Updating DR Configurations
Switching to the DR Cluster
Switching to the DR Cluster Upon Production Cluster Exceptions
Performing Cluster Restoration
Disabling DR
Checking the DR Name
Deleting a DR Task
Job Management
Querying the Job Progress
Host Monitoring
Querying the Host Overview
Querying Disk Information
Obtaining the NIC Status
Querying Performance Monitoring Metrics
Querying Historical Monitoring Data
Querying Table Skew or Dirty Page Rate Information
Querying the SQL List
Querying SQL Execution Information
Querying the List of Metrics Used by a Cluster
Obtains the collected data of a specified metric.
Managing Database Permissions
Synchronizing IAM Users to the Database
Querying All Database Users and Roles
Querying User Information
Modifying User Information
Modifying Database Object Permissions
Querying Database Object Permissions
Obtaining the Cluster O&M Account Status
Perform O&M User Operations
Log Management
Obtaining the LTS Log List
Enabling LTS
Disabling LTS
Upgrade Management
Obtaining Cluster Upgrade Records
Obtaining the Target Version to Which a Cluster Can Be Upgraded
Delivering Cluster Upgrade Operations
Application Cases
Using Postman to Call the API for Creating a Cluster
Using Postman to Call the API for Creating a Snapshot
Introduction
Appendix
Status Code
Error Code
Creating a VPC
Obtaining Project ID
Obtaining an Account ID
Obtaining the Cluster ID
User-defined Counter List
SDK Reference
SDK Overview
FAQs
Top FAQ
Product Consulting
Why Do I Need to Use GaussDB(DWS)?
Should I Choose Public Cloud GaussDB(DWS) or RDS?
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) Users and Roles?
How Do I Check the Creation Time of a GaussDB(DWS) Database User?
How Do I Select a GaussDB(DWS) Region and AZ?
Is Data Secure in GaussDB(DWS)?
Can I Modify the Security Group of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster?
What Is a Database/Data Warehouse/Data Lake/Lakehouse?
How Are Dirty Pages Generated in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Use VPC Sharing to Process GaussDB(DWS) Resources?
Database Connections
How Applications Communicate with GaussDB(DWS)?
Does GaussDB(DWS) Support Third-Party Clients and JDBC and ODBC Drivers?
How Do I Do If I Cannot Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster?
Why Was I Not Notified of Failure After Unbinding the EIP When GaussDB(DWS) Is Connected Over the Internet?
How Do I Configure a Whitelist If I Want to Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Using EIP?
Data Migration
What Are the Differences Between Data Formats Supported by OBS and GDS Foreign Tables in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Is Data Stored in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Much Service Data Can Be Stored in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Import and Export Data in GaussDB(DWS) Using \copy?
How Do I Implement Fault Tolerance Import Between Different GaussDB(DWS) Encoding Libraries
Which Factors Are Related to GaussDB(DWS) Import Performance?
Database Use
How Do I Adjust GaussDB(DWS) Distribution Columns?
How Do I View and Set the Character Set Encoding Format of a GaussDB(DWS) Database?
How Do I Do If a Field of the Date Type Is Automatically Converted to a Timestamp Type During Table Creation in GaussDB(DWS)?
Do I Need to Run VACUUM FULL and ANALYZE on Common Tables Periodically in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Export a GaussDB(DWS) Table Schema?
How Do I Delete Table Data Efficiently in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I View GaussDB(DWS) Foreign Table Information?
How Will Data Be Stored in a GaussDB(DWS) Table If No Distribution Column Is Specified During Its Creation?
How Do I Replace the Null Results with 0 in a GaussDB(DWS) Join Query?
How Do I Check Whether a GaussDB(DWS) Table Is Row-Stored or Column-Stored?
How Do I Query GaussDB(DWS) Column-Store Table Information?
Why Is the Index Invalid During GaussDB(DWS) Query?
How Do I Use a User-Defined GaussDB(DWS) Function to Rewrite the CRC32() Function?
What Is a GaussDB(DWS) Schema Starting with pg_toast_temp* or pg_temp*?
Solutions to Inconsistent GaussDB(DWS) Query Results
Which System Catalogs in GaussDB(DWS) Cannot Undergo the VACUUM FULL Operation?
In Which Scenarios Will a GaussDB(DWS) Statement Be in the idle in transaction State?
How Does GaussDB(DWS) Implement Row-to-Column and Column-to-Row Conversion?
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) Unique Constraints and Unique Indexes?
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) Functions and Stored Procedures?
How Do I Delete Duplicate Table Data from GaussDB(DWS)?
Cluster Management
How Can I Clear and Reclaim the GaussDB(DWS) Storage Space?
Why Does the Used Storage Capacity of GaussDB(DWS) Decrease Significantly After Scale-Out?
How Is the Disk Space or Capacity of GaussDB(DWS) Calculated?
How Do I Set the Session Threshold When Creating Alarm Rules for GaussDB(DWS) in Cloud Eye?
How Do I Determine Whether a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Uses the x86 or Arm Architecture?
How Do I Do If the GaussDB(DWS) Scale-Out Check Fails?
How Do I Determine Whether to Add CNs to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster or Scale Out the Cluster?
How Do I Determine When to Perform Node Flavor Change, All Specification Change, Scale-Out, or Scale-In for GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Choose Between a Small-Specification Multi-Node GaussDB(DWS) Cluster and a Large-Specification Three-Node GaussDB(DWS) Cluster with Identical CPU Cores and Memory?
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) Cloud SSDs and Local SSDs?
What Are the Differences Between Hot Data Storage and Cold Data Storage in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Do If the GaussDB(DWS) Scale-In Button Is Unavailable?
Account Permissions
How Does GaussDB(DWS) Isolate Workloads?
How Do I Change the Password of a GaussDB(DWS) Database Account When It Expires?
How Do I Grant Table Permissions to a Specified GaussDB(DWS) User?
How Do I Grant the Permissions of a Schema to a Specified GaussDB(DWS) User?
How Do I Create a GaussDB(DWS) Database Read-Only User?
How Do I Create Private Users and Tables in a GaussDB(DWS) Database?
How Do I Revoke the CONNECT ON DATABASE Permission of a User on GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I View the Table Permissions of a GaussDB(DWS) User?
Who Is the Ruby User in the GaussDB(DWS) Database?
Database Performance
Why Is SQL Execution Slow After Using GaussDB(DWS) for a Period of Time?
Why Doesn't GaussDB(DWS) Perform Better Than a Single-Node Database in Extreme Scenarios?
How Do I View SQL Execution Records in a Certain Period When GaussDB(DWS) Read and Write Are Blocked?
What is Operator Spilling in GaussDB(DWS)?
GaussDB(DWS) CPU Resource Isolation
Why Do Regular GaussDB(DWS) Users Run Statements Slower Than User dbadmin?
Which Factors Affect Single-Table Query Performance in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Optimize a SQL Query with Many CASE WHEN Conditions?
Backup and Restoration
Why Is It Slow to Create a GaussDB(DWS) Automated Snapshot?
Does a GaussDB(DWS) Snapshot Have the Same Function as an EVS Snapshot?
Troubleshooting
Database Connections
What Do I Do If gsql: command not found Is Displayed When I Run gsql to Connect to the Database?
Database Cannot Be Connected Using the gsql Client
An Error Indicating Too Many Client Connections Is Reported When a User Connects to a GaussDB(DWS) Database
Cluster IP Address Cannot Be Pinged/Accessed
Error "An I/O error occurred while sending to the backend" Is Reported During Service Execution
JDBC/ODBC
Locating JDBC Issues
Database Connection Fails
Service Execution Exceptions
Performance Issues
Function Support Issues
Data Import and Export
"ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding 'UTF8': 0x00" Is Reported When Data Is Imported to GaussDB(DWS) Using COPY FROM
Data Import and Export Faults with GDS
Failed to Create a GDS Foreign Table and An Error Is Reported Indicating that ROUNDROBIN Is Not Supported
When CDM Is Used to Import MySQL Data to GaussDB(DWS), the Column Length Exceeds the Threshold and Data Synchronization Fails
"Access Denied" Is Displayed When the SQL Statement for Creating an OBS Foreign Table Is Executed
Disk Usage Increases After Data Fails to Be Imported Using GDS
Error Message "out of memory" Is Displayed When GDS Is Used to Import Data
Error Message "connection failure error" Is Displayed During GDS Data Transmission
Data to Be Imported Contains Chinese When the DataArts Studio Service Is Used to Create a GaussDB(DWS) Foreign Table
Database Parameter Modification
How to Change a Database's Default Time Zone When the Database Time Is Different from the System Time
Error "Cannot get stream index, maybe comm_max_stream is not enough" Is Reported
SQL Execution Fails With the Error Message "canceling statement due to statement timeout" Reported
Account/Permission/Password
How Do I Unlock an Account?
Account Still Locked After Password Resetting
After the Permission for Querying Tables in a Schema Is Granted to a User, the User Still Cannot Query the Tables
How Do I Revoke the Permission of a User If grant select on table t1 to public Has Been Executed on a Table
An Error Message Is Displayed When a Common User Executes the Statement for Creating or Deleting a GDS or OBS Foreign Table, Indicating that the User Does Not Have the Permission or the Permission Is Insufficient
After the all Permission Is Granted to the Schema of a User, the Error Message "ERROR: current user does not have privilege to role tom" Persists During Table Creation
An Error Message Is Reported During Statement Execution, Indicating that the User Does Not Have the Required Permission
A User Cannot Be Deleted Due to Its Dependencies
Cluster Performance
Lock Wait Detection
During SQL Execution, a Table Deadlock Occurs and An Error Stating LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT Is Reported
Error "abort transaction due to concurrent update" Is Reported During SQL Execution
Solution to High Disk Usage and Cluster Read-Only
SQL Execution Is Slow with Low Performance and Sometimes Does Not End After a Long Period of Time
Data Skew Causes Slow SQL Statement Execution and Operations Fail on Large Tables
Table Size Does not Change After VACUUM FULL Is Executed on the Table
VACUUM Is Executed After Table Data Deletion, But the Space Is Not Released
Error "lock wait timeout" Is Reported When VACUUM FULL Is Executed
Slow VACUUM FULL Execution
Table Bloating Causes Slow SQL Query and Failed Data Loading on the GUI
Memory Overflow Occurs in a Cluster
Statements with User-defined Functions Cannot Be Pushed Down
Column-Store Tables Cannot Be Updated or Table Bloat Occurs
Table Bloat Occurs After Data Is Inserted into a Column-Store Table for Multiple Times
Writing Data to GaussDB(DWS) Is Slow and Client Data Is Stacked
Low Query Efficiency
Poor Query Performance Due to the Lack of Statistics
Execution of SQL Statements Is Slow Due to Nested Loops in Execution Plans
SQL Query Is Slow Because Partitions Are Not Pruned
Optimizer Uses Nested Loop Due to the Small Estimated Number of Rows and the Performance Deteriorates
SQL Statements Contain the in Constant and No Result Is Returned After SQL Statement Execution
Performance of Single-Table Point Query Is Poor
CCN Queuing Under Dynamic Load Management
Performance Deterioration Due to Data Bloat
Slow Performance Caused by Too Many Small CUs in Column Storage
Reducing I/O Usage
Tuning Systems with High CPU Usage
Reducing Memory Usage
Cluster Exceptions
The Disk Usage Alarm Is Frequently Generated
Database Use
An Error Is Reported When Data Is Inserted or Updated, Indicating that the Distribution Key Cannot Be Updated
"value too long for type character varying" Is Displayed When VARCHAR(n) Stores Chinese Characters
Case Sensitivity in SQL Statements
cannot drop table test because other objects depend on it Is Displayed When a Table Is Deleted
Failed to Execute MERGE INTO UPDATE for Multiple Tables
JDBC Error Occurs Due to session_timeout Settings
DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed
Execution Results of the string_agg Function Are Inconsistent
Error "could not open relation with OID xxxx" Is Reported During Table Size Query
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Syntax Misuse
Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users
When a User Specifies Only an Index Name to Modify the Index, A Message Indicating That the Index Does Not Exist Is Displayed
An Error Is Displayed Indicating Schema Already Exists When Executing CREATE SCHEMA Statement
Failed to Delete a Database and an Error Is Reported Indicating that a Session Is Connected to the Database
Byte Type Is Returned After a Table Column of the Character Type Is Read in Java
"ERROR:start value of partition 'XX' NOT EQUAL up-boundary of last partition." Is Displayed When Operations Related to Table Partitions Are Performed
Reindexing Fails
A View Failed to Be Queried
Global SQL Query
How Do I Determine Whether UPDATE or DELETE Has Been Executed on a Table?
"Can't fit xid into page" Is Reported
"unable to get a stable set of rows in the source table" Is Reported
GaussDB(DWS) Metadata Inconsistency - Abnormal Partition Index
An Error Is Reported When the TRUNCATE Command Is Executed on the System Table gs_wlm_session_info
"inserted partition key does not map to any table partition" Is Reported When Data Is Inserted into a Partitioned Table
Error upper boundary of adding partition MUST overtop last existing partition Is Reported When a New Partition Is Added to a Range Partitioned Table
Error Reported During Table Query: "missing chunk number %d for toast value %u in pg_toast_XXXX"
When Inserting Data Into a Table, An Error Is Reported: "duplicate key value violates unique constraint "%s""
Error could not determine which collation to use for string hashing Reported During Service Execution
When the ODBC Driver of GaussDB(DWS) Is Used, Content of Fields of the Character Type in the SQL Query Result Is Truncated
Execution Plan Scan Hints Do Not Take Effect
Error "invalid input syntax for xxx" Is Reported During Data Type Conversion
Error UNION types %s and %s cannot be matched Is Reported
"ERROR: Non-deterministic UPDATE" Is Reported During Update
Error Reported During Data Insertion: null value in column ' %s' violates not-null constraint
Error "unable to get a stable set of rows in the source table"
Query Results Are Inconsistent in Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL Compatibility Modes
Videos
Performance White Paper
Performance White Paper (9.1.0.x)
9.1.0 Performance Test
9.1.0 Test Conclusion
Performance Overview
TPC-H Performance Test
TPC-H Test Result
TPC-H Test Environment
TPC-H Test Process
TPC-H Test Data
TPC-H Data Generation
Creating a Table and Importing TPC-H Data
TPC-H Query Test
TPC-DS Performance Test
TPC-DS Test Result
TPC-DS Test Environment
TPC-DS Test Process
TPC-DS Test Data
TPC-DS Data Generation
Creating a Table and Importing TPC-DS Data
TPC-DS Query Test
SSB Performance Test
SSB Test Result
SSB Test Environment
SSB Test Process
SSB Test Data
SSB Data Generation
Creating a Table and Importing SSB Data
SSB Query Test
Performance White Paper (8.1.3.x)
Overview
Test Result
TPC-H Single Query Test
TPC-DS Single Query Test
Test Methods
Overall Process
Creating an ECS and a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Creating an ECS
Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Constructing Data for TPC-H and TPC-DS Tests
Preparing Tools for the Data Construction
TPC-H Data Construction
TPC-DS Data Construction
Table Creation and Data Import
Importing Data Using GDS
Installing and Starting GDS
Using gsql to Connect to GaussDB(DWS)
Creating a GDS Foreign Table and Importing TPC-H Data
Creating a GDS Foreign Table and Importing TPC-DS Data
Performing Queries and Collecting Results
Using Shell Scripts to Automatically Execute Queries and Collect Results
Appendixes
TPC-H Test Sets
TPC-DS Test Sets
Error Code Reference
Management Console Error Code
Management Console Error Code
8.2.0 and earlier versions
Management Console Error Code
Data Warehouse Service Error Codes
Description of SQL Error Codes
Third-Party Library Error Codes
GAUSS-00001 -- GAUSS-00100
GAUSS-00001 -- GAUSS-00010
GAUSS-00011 -- GAUSS-00020
GAUSS-00021 -- GAUSS-00030
GAUSS-00031 -- GAUSS-00040
GAUSS-00041 -- GAUSS-00050
GAUSS-00051 -- GAUSS-00060
GAUSS-00061 -- GAUSS-00070
GAUSS-00071 -- GAUSS-00080
GAUSS-00081 -- GAUSS-00090
GAUSS-00091 -- GAUSS-00100
GAUSS-00101 -- GAUSS-00200
GAUSS-00101 -- GAUSS-00110
GAUSS-00111 -- GAUSS-00120
GAUSS-00121 -- GAUSS-00130
GAUSS-00131 -- GAUSS-00140
GAUSS-00141 -- GAUSS-00150
GAUSS-00151 -- GAUSS-00160
GAUSS-00161 -- GAUSS-00170
GAUSS-00171 -- GAUSS-00180
GAUSS-00181 -- GAUSS-00190
GAUSS-00191 -- GAUSS-00200
GAUSS-00201 -- GAUSS-00300
GAUSS-00201 -- GAUSS-00210
GAUSS-00211 -- GAUSS-00220
GAUSS-00221 -- GAUSS-00230
GAUSS-00231 -- GAUSS-00240
GAUSS-00241 -- GAUSS-00250
GAUSS-00251 -- GAUSS-00260
GAUSS-00261 -- GAUSS-00270
GAUSS-00271 -- GAUSS-00280
GAUSS-00281 -- GAUSS-00290
GAUSS-00291 -- GAUSS-00300
GAUSS-00301 -- GAUSS-00400
GAUSS-00301 -- GAUSS-00310
GAUSS-00311 -- GAUSS-00320
GAUSS-00321 -- GAUSS-00330
GAUSS-00331 -- GAUSS-00340
GAUSS-00341 -- GAUSS-00350
GAUSS-00351 -- GAUSS-00360
GAUSS-00361 -- GAUSS-00370
GAUSS-00371 -- GAUSS-00380
GAUSS-00381 -- GAUSS-00390
GAUSS-00391 -- GAUSS-00400
GAUSS-00401 -- GAUSS-00500
GAUSS-00401 -- GAUSS-00410
GAUSS-00411 -- GAUSS-00420
GAUSS-00421 -- GAUSS-00430
GAUSS-00431 -- GAUSS-00440
GAUSS-00441 -- GAUSS-00450
GAUSS-00451 -- GAUSS-00460
GAUSS-00461 -- GAUSS-00470
GAUSS-00471 -- GAUSS-00480
GAUSS-00481 -- GAUSS-00490
GAUSS-00491 -- GAUSS-00500
GAUSS-00501 -- GAUSS-00600
GAUSS-00501 -- GAUSS-00510
GAUSS-00511 -- GAUSS-00520
GAUSS-00521 -- GAUSS-00530
GAUSS-00531 -- GAUSS-00540
GAUSS-00541 -- GAUSS-00550
GAUSS-00551 -- GAUSS-00560
GAUSS-00561 -- GAUSS-00570
GAUSS-00571 -- GAUSS-00580
GAUSS-00581 -- GAUSS-00590
GAUSS-00591 -- GAUSS-00600
GAUSS-00601 -- GAUSS-00700
GAUSS-00601 -- GAUSS-00610
GAUSS-00611 -- GAUSS-00620
GAUSS-00621 -- GAUSS-00630
GAUSS-00631 -- GAUSS-00640
GAUSS-00641 -- GAUSS-00650
GAUSS-00651 -- GAUSS-00660
GAUSS-00661 -- GAUSS-00670
GAUSS-00671 -- GAUSS-00680
GAUSS-00681 -- GAUSS-00690
GAUSS-00691 -- GAUSS-00700
GAUSS-00701 -- GAUSS-00800
GAUSS-00701 -- GAUSS-00710
GAUSS-00711 -- GAUSS-00720
GAUSS-00721 -- GAUSS-00730
GAUSS-00731 -- GAUSS-00740
GAUSS-00741 -- GAUSS-00750
GAUSS-00751 -- GAUSS-00760
GAUSS-00761 -- GAUSS-00770
GAUSS-00771 -- GAUSS-00780
GAUSS-00781 -- GAUSS-00790
GAUSS-00791 -- GAUSS-00800
GAUSS-00801 -- GAUSS-00900
GAUSS-00801 -- GAUSS-00810
GAUSS-00811 -- GAUSS-00820
GAUSS-00821 -- GAUSS-00830
GAUSS-00831 -- GAUSS-00840
GAUSS-00841 -- GAUSS-00850
GAUSS-00851 -- GAUSS-00860
GAUSS-00861 -- GAUSS-00870
GAUSS-00871 -- GAUSS-00880
GAUSS-00881 -- GAUSS-00890
GAUSS-00891 -- GAUSS-00900
GAUSS-00901 -- GAUSS-01000
GAUSS-00901 -- GAUSS-00910
GAUSS-00911 -- GAUSS-00920
GAUSS-00921 -- GAUSS-00930
GAUSS-00931 -- GAUSS-00940
GAUSS-00941 -- GAUSS-00950
GAUSS-00951 -- GAUSS-00960
GAUSS-00961 -- GAUSS-00970
GAUSS-00971 -- GAUSS-00980
GAUSS-00981 -- GAUSS-00990
GAUSS-00991 -- GAUSS-01000
GAUSS-01001 -- GAUSS-01100
GAUSS-01001 -- GAUSS-01010
GAUSS-01011 -- GAUSS-01020
GAUSS-01021 -- GAUSS-01030
GAUSS-01031 -- GAUSS-01040
GAUSS-01041 -- GAUSS-01050
GAUSS-01051 -- GAUSS-01060
GAUSS-01061 -- GAUSS-01070
GAUSS-01071 -- GAUSS-01080
GAUSS-01081 -- GAUSS-01090
GAUSS-01091 -- GAUSS-01100
GAUSS-01101 -- GAUSS-01200
GAUSS-01101 -- GAUSS-01110
GAUSS-01111 -- GAUSS-01120
GAUSS-01121 -- GAUSS-01130
GAUSS-01131 -- GAUSS-01140
GAUSS-01141 -- GAUSS-01150
GAUSS-01151 -- GAUSS-01160
GAUSS-01161 -- GAUSS-01170
GAUSS-01171 -- GAUSS-01180
GAUSS-01181 -- GAUSS-01190
GAUSS-01191 -- GAUSS-01200
GAUSS-01201 -- GAUSS-01300
GAUSS-01201 -- GAUSS-01210
GAUSS-01211 -- GAUSS-01220
GAUSS-01221 -- GAUSS-01230
GAUSS-01231 -- GAUSS-01240
GAUSS-01241 -- GAUSS-01250
GAUSS-01251 -- GAUSS-01260
GAUSS-01261 -- GAUSS-01270
GAUSS-01271 -- GAUSS-01280
GAUSS-01281 -- GAUSS-01290
GAUSS-01291 -- GAUSS-01300
GAUSS-01301 -- GAUSS-01400
GAUSS-01301 -- GAUSS-01310
GAUSS-01311 -- GAUSS-01320
GAUSS-01321 -- GAUSS-01330
GAUSS-01331 -- GAUSS-01340
GAUSS-01341 -- GAUSS-01350
GAUSS-01351 -- GAUSS-01360
GAUSS-01361 -- GAUSS-01370
GAUSS-01371 -- GAUSS-01380
GAUSS-01381 -- GAUSS-01390
GAUSS-01391 -- GAUSS-01400
GAUSS-01401 -- GAUSS-01500
GAUSS-01401 -- GAUSS-01410
GAUSS-01411 -- GAUSS-01420
GAUSS-01421 -- GAUSS-01430
GAUSS-01431 -- GAUSS-01440
GAUSS-01441 -- GAUSS-01450
GAUSS-01451 -- GAUSS-01460
GAUSS-01461 -- GAUSS-01470
GAUSS-01471 -- GAUSS-01480
GAUSS-01481 -- GAUSS-01490
GAUSS-01491 -- GAUSS-01500
GAUSS-01501 -- GAUSS-01600
GAUSS-01501 -- GAUSS-01510
GAUSS-01511 -- GAUSS-01520
GAUSS-01521 -- GAUSS-01530
GAUSS-01531 -- GAUSS-01540
GAUSS-01541 -- GAUSS-01550
GAUSS-01551 -- GAUSS-01560
GAUSS-01561 -- GAUSS-01570
GAUSS-01571 -- GAUSS-01580
GAUSS-01581 -- GAUSS-01590
GAUSS-01591 -- GAUSS-01600
GAUSS-01601 -- GAUSS-01700
GAUSS-01601 -- GAUSS-01610
GAUSS-01611 -- GAUSS-01620
GAUSS-01621 -- GAUSS-01630
GAUSS-01631 -- GAUSS-01640
GAUSS-01641 -- GAUSS-01650
GAUSS-01651 -- GAUSS-01660
GAUSS-01661 -- GAUSS-01670
GAUSS-01671 -- GAUSS-01680
GAUSS-01681 -- GAUSS-01690
GAUSS-01691 -- GAUSS-01700
GAUSS-01701 -- GAUSS-01800
GAUSS-01701 -- GAUSS-01710
GAUSS-01711 -- GAUSS-01720
GAUSS-01721 -- GAUSS-01730
GAUSS-01731 -- GAUSS-01740
GAUSS-01741 -- GAUSS-01750
GAUSS-01751 -- GAUSS-01760
GAUSS-01761 -- GAUSS-01770
GAUSS-01771 -- GAUSS-01780
GAUSS-01781 -- GAUSS-01790
GAUSS-01791 -- GAUSS-01800
GAUSS-01801 -- GAUSS-01900
GAUSS-01801 -- GAUSS-01810
GAUSS-01811 -- GAUSS-01820
GAUSS-01821 -- GAUSS-01830
GAUSS-01831 -- GAUSS-01840
GAUSS-01841 -- GAUSS-01850
GAUSS-01851 -- GAUSS-01860
GAUSS-01861 -- GAUSS-01870
GAUSS-01871 -- GAUSS-01880
GAUSS-01881 -- GAUSS-01890
GAUSS-01891 -- GAUSS-01900
GAUSS-01901 -- GAUSS-02000
GAUSS-01901 -- GAUSS-01910
GAUSS-01911 -- GAUSS-01920
GAUSS-01921 -- GAUSS-01930
GAUSS-01931 -- GAUSS-01940
GAUSS-01941 -- GAUSS-01950
GAUSS-01951 -- GAUSS-01960
GAUSS-01961 -- GAUSS-01970
GAUSS-01971 -- GAUSS-01980
GAUSS-01981 -- GAUSS-01990
GAUSS-01991 -- GAUSS-02000
GAUSS-02001 -- GAUSS-02100
GAUSS-02001 -- GAUSS-02010
GAUSS-02011 -- GAUSS-02020
GAUSS-02021 -- GAUSS-02030
GAUSS-02031 -- GAUSS-02040
GAUSS-02041 -- GAUSS-02050
GAUSS-02051 -- GAUSS-02060
GAUSS-02061 -- GAUSS-02070
GAUSS-02071 -- GAUSS-02080
GAUSS-02081 -- GAUSS-02090
GAUSS-02091 -- GAUSS-02100
GAUSS-02101 -- GAUSS-02200
GAUSS-02101 -- GAUSS-02110
GAUSS-02111 -- GAUSS-02120
GAUSS-02121 -- GAUSS-02130
GAUSS-02131 -- GAUSS-02140
GAUSS-02141 -- GAUSS-02150
GAUSS-02151 -- GAUSS-02160
GAUSS-02161 -- GAUSS-02170
GAUSS-02171 -- GAUSS-02180
GAUSS-02181 -- GAUSS-02190
GAUSS-02191 -- GAUSS-02200
GAUSS-02201 -- GAUSS-02300
GAUSS-02201 -- GAUSS-02210
GAUSS-02211 -- GAUSS-02220
GAUSS-02221 -- GAUSS-02230
GAUSS-02231 -- GAUSS-02240
GAUSS-02241 -- GAUSS-02250
GAUSS-02251 -- GAUSS-02260
GAUSS-02261 -- GAUSS-02270
GAUSS-02271 -- GAUSS-02280
GAUSS-02281 -- GAUSS-02290
GAUSS-02291 -- GAUSS-02300
GAUSS-02301 -- GAUSS-02400
GAUSS-02301 -- GAUSS-02310
GAUSS-02311 -- GAUSS-02320
GAUSS-02321 -- GAUSS-02330
GAUSS-02331 -- GAUSS-02340
GAUSS-02341 -- GAUSS-02350
GAUSS-02351 -- GAUSS-02360
GAUSS-02361 -- GAUSS-02370
GAUSS-02371 -- GAUSS-02380
GAUSS-02381 -- GAUSS-02390
GAUSS-02391 -- GAUSS-02400
GAUSS-02401 -- GAUSS-02500
GAUSS-02401 -- GAUSS-02410
GAUSS-02411 -- GAUSS-02420
GAUSS-02421 -- GAUSS-02430
GAUSS-02431 -- GAUSS-02440
GAUSS-02441 -- GAUSS-02450
GAUSS-02451 -- GAUSS-02460
GAUSS-02461 -- GAUSS-02470
GAUSS-02471 -- GAUSS-02480
GAUSS-02481 -- GAUSS-02490
GAUSS-02491 -- GAUSS-02500
GAUSS-02501 -- GAUSS-02600
GAUSS-02501 -- GAUSS-02510
GAUSS-02511 -- GAUSS-02520
GAUSS-02521 -- GAUSS-02530
GAUSS-02531 -- GAUSS-02540
GAUSS-02541 -- GAUSS-02550
GAUSS-02551 -- GAUSS-02560
GAUSS-02561 -- GAUSS-02570
GAUSS-02571 -- GAUSS-02580
GAUSS-02581 -- GAUSS-02590
GAUSS-02591 -- GAUSS-02600
GAUSS-02601 -- GAUSS-02700
GAUSS-02601 -- GAUSS-02610
GAUSS-02611 -- GAUSS-02620
GAUSS-02621 -- GAUSS-02630
GAUSS-02631 -- GAUSS-02640
GAUSS-02641 -- GAUSS-02650
GAUSS-02651 -- GAUSS-02660
GAUSS-02661 -- GAUSS-02670
GAUSS-02671 -- GAUSS-02680
GAUSS-02681 -- GAUSS-02690
GAUSS-02691 -- GAUSS-02700
GAUSS-02701 -- GAUSS-02800
GAUSS-02701 -- GAUSS-02710
GAUSS-02711 -- GAUSS-02720
GAUSS-02721 -- GAUSS-02730
GAUSS-02731 -- GAUSS-02740
GAUSS-02741 -- GAUSS-02750
GAUSS-02761 -- GAUSS-02770
GAUSS-02771 -- GAUSS-02780
GAUSS-02781 -- GAUSS-02790
GAUSS-02791 -- GAUSS-02800
GAUSS-02801 -- GAUSS-02900
GAUSS-02801 -- GAUSS-02810
GAUSS-02811 -- GAUSS-02820
GAUSS-02821 -- GAUSS-02830
GAUSS-02831 -- GAUSS-02840
GAUSS-02841 -- GAUSS-02850
GAUSS-02851 -- GAUSS-02860
GAUSS-02861 -- GAUSS-02870
GAUSS-02871 -- GAUSS-02880
GAUSS-02881 -- GAUSS-02890
GAUSS-02891 -- GAUSS-02900
GAUSS-02901 -- GAUSS-03000
GAUSS-02901 -- GAUSS-02910
GAUSS-02911 -- GAUSS-02920
GAUSS-02921 -- GAUSS-02930
GAUSS-02931 -- GAUSS-02940
GAUSS-02941 -- GAUSS-02950
GAUSS-02951 -- GAUSS-02960
GAUSS-02961 -- GAUSS-02970
GAUSS-02971 -- GAUSS-02980
GAUSS-02981 -- GAUSS-02990
GAUSS-02991 -- GAUSS-03000
GAUSS-03001 -- GAUSS-03100
GAUSS-03001 -- GAUSS-03010
GAUSS-03011 -- GAUSS-03020
GAUSS-03021 -- GAUSS-03030
GAUSS-03031 -- GAUSS-03040
GAUSS-03041 -- GAUSS-03050
GAUSS-03051 -- GAUSS-03060
GAUSS-03061 -- GAUSS-03070
GAUSS-03071 -- GAUSS-03080
GAUSS-03081 -- GAUSS-03090
GAUSS-03091 -- GAUSS-03100
GAUSS-03101 -- GAUSS-03200
GAUSS-03101 -- GAUSS-03110
GAUSS-03111 -- GAUSS-03120
GAUSS-03121 -- GAUSS-03130
GAUSS-03131 -- GAUSS-03140
GAUSS-03141 -- GAUSS-03150
GAUSS-03151 -- GAUSS-03160
GAUSS-03161 -- GAUSS-03170
GAUSS-03171 -- GAUSS-03180
GAUSS-03181 -- GAUSS-03190
GAUSS-03191 -- GAUSS-03200
GAUSS-03201 -- GAUSS-03300
GAUSS-03201 -- GAUSS-03210
GAUSS-03211 -- GAUSS-03220
GAUSS-03221 -- GAUSS-03230
GAUSS-03231 -- GAUSS-03240
GAUSS-03241 -- GAUSS-03250
GAUSS-03251 -- GAUSS-03260
GAUSS-03261 -- GAUSS-03270
GAUSS-03271 -- GAUSS-03280
GAUSS-03281 -- GAUSS-03290
GAUSS-03291 -- GAUSS-03300
GAUSS-03301 -- GAUSS-03400
GAUSS-03301 -- GAUSS-03310
GAUSS-03311 -- GAUSS-03320
GAUSS-03321 -- GAUSS-03330
GAUSS-03331 -- GAUSS-03340
GAUSS-03341 -- GAUSS-03350
GAUSS-03351 -- GAUSS-03360
GAUSS-03361 -- GAUSS-03370
GAUSS-03371 -- GAUSS-03380
GAUSS-03381 -- GAUSS-03390
GAUSS-03391 -- GAUSS-03400
GAUSS-03401 -- GAUSS-03500
GAUSS-03401 -- GAUSS-03410
GAUSS-03411 -- GAUSS-03420
GAUSS-03421 -- GAUSS-03430
GAUSS-03431 -- GAUSS-03440
GAUSS-03441 -- GAUSS-03450
GAUSS-03451 -- GAUSS-03460
GAUSS-03461 -- GAUSS-03470
GAUSS-03471 -- GAUSS-03480
GAUSS-03481 -- GAUSS-03490
GAUSS-03491 -- GAUSS-03500
GAUSS-03501 -- GAUSS-03600
GAUSS-03501 -- GAUSS-03510
GAUSS-03511 -- GAUSS-03520
GAUSS-03521 -- GAUSS-03530
GAUSS-03531 -- GAUSS-03540
GAUSS-03541 -- GAUSS-03550
GAUSS-03551 -- GAUSS-03560
GAUSS-03561 -- GAUSS-03570
GAUSS-03571 -- GAUSS-03580
GAUSS-03581 -- GAUSS-03590
GAUSS-03591 -- GAUSS-03600
GAUSS-03601 -- GAUSS-03700
GAUSS-03601 -- GAUSS-03610
GAUSS-03611 -- GAUSS-03620
GAUSS-03621 -- GAUSS-03630
GAUSS-03631 -- GAUSS-03640
GAUSS-03641 -- GAUSS-03650
GAUSS-03651 -- GAUSS-03660
GAUSS-03661 -- GAUSS-03670
GAUSS-03671 -- GAUSS-03680
GAUSS-03681 -- GAUSS-03690
GAUSS-03691 -- GAUSS-03700
GAUSS-03701 -- GAUSS-03800
GAUSS-03701 -- GAUSS-03710
GAUSS-03711 -- GAUSS-03720
GAUSS-03721 -- GAUSS-03730
GAUSS-03731 -- GAUSS-03740
GAUSS-03741 -- GAUSS-03750
GAUSS-03751 -- GAUSS-03760
GAUSS-03761 -- GAUSS-03770
GAUSS-03771 -- GAUSS-03780
GAUSS-03781 -- GAUSS-03790
GAUSS-03791 -- GAUSS-03800
GAUSS-03801 -- GAUSS-03900
GAUSS-03801 -- GAUSS-03810
GAUSS-03811 -- GAUSS-03820
GAUSS-03821 -- GAUSS-03830
GAUSS-03831 -- GAUSS-03840
GAUSS-03841 -- GAUSS-03850
GAUSS-03851 -- GAUSS-03860
GAUSS-03861 -- GAUSS-03870
GAUSS-03871 -- GAUSS-03880
GAUSS-03881 -- GAUSS-03890
GAUSS-03891 -- GAUSS-03900
GAUSS-03901 -- GAUSS-04000
GAUSS-03901 -- GAUSS-03910
GAUSS-03911 -- GAUSS-03920
GAUSS-03921 -- GAUSS-03930
GAUSS-03931 -- GAUSS-03940
GAUSS-03941 -- GAUSS-03950
GAUSS-03951 -- GAUSS-03960
GAUSS-03961 -- GAUSS-03970
GAUSS-03971 -- GAUSS-03980
GAUSS-03981 -- GAUSS-03990
GAUSS-03991 -- GAUSS-04000
GAUSS-04001 -- GAUSS-04100
GAUSS-04001 -- GAUSS-04010
GAUSS-04011 -- GAUSS-04020
GAUSS-04021 -- GAUSS-04030
GAUSS-04031 -- GAUSS-04040
GAUSS-04041 -- GAUSS-04050
GAUSS-04051 -- GAUSS-04060
GAUSS-04061 -- GAUSS-04070
GAUSS-04071 -- GAUSS-04080
GAUSS-04081 -- GAUSS-04090
GAUSS-04091 -- GAUSS-04100
GAUSS-04101 -- GAUSS-04200
GAUSS-04101 -- GAUSS-04110
GAUSS-04111 -- GAUSS-04120
GAUSS-04121 -- GAUSS-04130
GAUSS-04131 -- GAUSS-04140
GAUSS-04141 -- GAUSS-04150
GAUSS-04151 -- GAUSS-04160
GAUSS-04161 -- GAUSS-04170
GAUSS-04171 -- GAUSS-04180
GAUSS-04181 -- GAUSS-04190
GAUSS-04191 -- GAUSS-04200
GAUSS-04201 -- GAUSS-04300
GAUSS-04201 -- GAUSS-04210
GAUSS-04211 -- GAUSS-04220
GAUSS-04221 -- GAUSS-04230
GAUSS-04231 -- GAUSS-04240
GAUSS-04241 -- GAUSS-04250
GAUSS-04251 -- GAUSS-04260
GAUSS-04261 -- GAUSS-04270
GAUSS-04271 -- GAUSS-04280
GAUSS-04281 -- GAUSS-04290
GAUSS-04291 -- GAUSS-04300
GAUSS-04301 -- GAUSS-04400
GAUSS-04301 -- GAUSS-04310
GAUSS-04311 -- GAUSS-04320
GAUSS-04321 -- GAUSS-04330
GAUSS-04331 -- GAUSS-04340
GAUSS-04341 -- GAUSS-04350
GAUSS-04351 -- GAUSS-04360
GAUSS-04361 -- GAUSS-04370
GAUSS-04371 -- GAUSS-04380
GAUSS-04381 -- GAUSS-04390
GAUSS-04391 -- GAUSS-04400
GAUSS-04401 -- GAUSS-04500
GAUSS-04401 -- GAUSS-04410
GAUSS-04411 -- GAUSS-04420
GAUSS-04421 -- GAUSS-04430
GAUSS-04431 -- GAUSS-04440
GAUSS-04441 -- GAUSS-04450
GAUSS-04451 -- GAUSS-04460
GAUSS-04461 -- GAUSS-04470
GAUSS-04471 -- GAUSS-04480
GAUSS-04481 -- GAUSS-04490
GAUSS-04491 -- GAUSS-04500
GAUSS-04501 -- GAUSS-04600
GAUSS-04501 -- GAUSS-04510
GAUSS-04511 -- GAUSS-04520
GAUSS-04521 -- GAUSS-04530
GAUSS-04531 -- GAUSS-04540
GAUSS-04541 -- GAUSS-04550
GAUSS-04551 -- GAUSS-04560
GAUSS-04561 -- GAUSS-04570
GAUSS-04571 -- GAUSS-04580
GAUSS-04581 -- GAUSS-04590
GAUSS-04591 -- GAUSS-04600
GAUSS-04601 -- GAUSS-04700
GAUSS-04601 -- GAUSS-04610
GAUSS-04611 -- GAUSS-04620
GAUSS-04621 -- GAUSS-04630
GAUSS-04631 -- GAUSS-04640
GAUSS-04641 -- GAUSS-04650
GAUSS-04651 -- GAUSS-04660
GAUSS-04661 -- GAUSS-04670
GAUSS-04671 -- GAUSS-04680
GAUSS-04681 -- GAUSS-04690
GAUSS-04691 -- GAUSS-04700
GAUSS-04701 -- GAUSS-04800
GAUSS-04701 -- GAUSS-04710
GAUSS-04711 -- GAUSS-04720
GAUSS-04721 -- GAUSS-04730
GAUSS-04731 -- GAUSS-04740
GAUSS-04741 -- GAUSS-04750
GAUSS-04751 -- GAUSS-04760
GAUSS-04761 -- GAUSS-04770
GAUSS-04771 -- GAUSS-04780
GAUSS-04781 -- GAUSS-04790
GAUSS-04901 -- GAUSS-04999
GAUSS-04921 -- GAUSS-04930
GAUSS-04931 -- GAUSS-04940
GAUSS-05101 -- GAUSS-05200
GAUSS-05151 -- GAUSS-05160
GAUSS-05161 -- GAUSS-05170
GAUSS-05171 -- GAUSS-05180
GAUSS-05201 -- GAUSS-05800
GAUSS-05751 -- GAUSS-05760
GAUSS-05801 -- GAUSS-05900
GAUSS-05841 -- GAUSS-05850
GAUSS-05851 -- GAUSS-05860
GAUSS-05901 -- GAUSS-05999
GAUSS-05971 -- GAUSS-05980
GAUSS-06101 -- GAUSS-06200
GAUSS-06121 -- GAUSS-06130
GAUSS-50000 -- GAUSS-50999
GAUSS-50000 -- GAUSS-50099
GAUSS-50100 -- GAUSS-50199
GAUSS-50200 -- GAUSS-50299
GAUSS-50300 -- GAUSS-50399
GAUSS-50400 -- GAUSS-50499
GAUSS-50500 -- GAUSS-50599
GAUSS-50600 -- GAUSS-50699
GAUSS-50800 -- GAUSS-50899
GAUSS-51000 -- GAUSS-51999
GAUSS-51000 -- GAUSS-51099
GAUSS-51100 -- GAUSS-51199
GAUSS-51200 -- GAUSS-51299
GAUSS-51300 -- GAUSS-51399
GAUSS-51400 -- GAUSS-51499
GAUSS-51500 -- GAUSS-51599
GAUSS-51600 -- GAUSS-51699
GAUSS-51700 -- GAUSS-51799
GAUSS-51800 -- GAUSS-51899
GAUSS-51900 -- GAUSS-51999
GAUSS-52000 -- GAUSS-52999
GAUSS-52100 -- GAUSS-52199
GAUSS-52200 -- GAUSS-52299
GAUSS-52300 -- GAUSS-52399
GAUSS-52400 -- GAUSS-52499
GAUSS-52500 -- GAUSS-52599
GAUSS-52600 -- GAUSS-52699
GAUSS-52700 -- GAUSS-52799
GAUSS-52800 -- GAUSS-52899
GAUSS-52900 -- GAUSS-52999
GAUSS-53000 -- GAUSS-53999
GAUSS-53000 -- GAUSS-53099
GAUSS-53100 -- GAUSS-53199
GAUSS-53200 -- GAUSS-53299
GAUSS-53500 -- GAUSS-53599
OE000
8.2.1 or later versions
ErrorCode Rules
Row-column store
Row-store
Column-store
GIN Index
Btree Index
Row-store Vacuum
SP-GiST Index
Hash Index
Transaction
Lock
GTM
xlog
Checkpoint
HA
Data page Replication
Log Replication
Replication Slot
SQL on Anywhere
SQL on Hudi
OBS / HDFS / DLI
GDS/Copy
Common mechanisms
Importing
Parser
Lexical Analysis
Grammatical Analysis
DDL
DML
Expressions
Metadata
Optimizer
Rewriting Queries
Path Generation
Plan generation
Analyze
utile Interface
Actuator
Row Execution Engine
Vectorized Execution Engine
Distributed Framework
Security
Authorizes
Masking
Communications
libpq
pooler
Communication Universal Interface
WLM
Load Management
CPU Management
Space Control
Exception Rule
Resource Monitoring
Logical Cluster
Others
Logical Replication
Postmaster
IPC
Tablespace
Common mechanism in Port
Tsearch
CN Retry
Advanced Packages
JSON
UDF
Functions and Features
Glossary
More Documents
User Guide(ME-Abu Dhabi Region)
Service Overview
What Is GaussDB(DWS)?
Advantages
Application Scenarios
Functions
Concepts
GaussDB(DWS) Management Concepts
GaussDB(DWS) Database Concepts
Related Services
GaussDB(DWS) Permissions Management
GaussDB(DWS) Access
Billing
Restrictions
Technical Specifications
Getting Started
Creating a Cluster and Connecting to It
Step 1: Starting Preparations
Step 2: Creating a Cluster
Step 3: Connecting to a Cluster
Step 4: Viewing Other Documents and Clearing Resources
Process for Using GaussDB(DWS)
Preparations
Cluster Configuration
Accessing the GaussDB(DWS) Management Console
Creating a Cluster
Cluster Connection
Methods of Connecting to a Cluster
Obtaining the Cluster Connection Address
Using the gsql CLI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Downloading the Client
Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host
Using the gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSL Mode
(Optional) Configuring SSL Connection
(Optional) Downloading the SSL Certificate
Using the Data Studio GUI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the JDBC and ODBC Drivers to Connect to a Cluster
Development Specifications
Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver
Using a JDBC Driver to Connect to a Database
Using an ODBC Driver to Connect to a Database
Connecting to a Cluster Using IAM Authentication
Overview
Granting an IAM Account the DWS Database Access Permission
Creating an IAM User Credential
Configuring the JDBC Connection to Connect to a Cluster Using IAM Authentication
Using the Python Library psycopg2 to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Python Library PyGreSQL to Connect to a Cluster
Managing Database Connections
Clusters
Checking the Cluster Status
Viewing Basic Cluster Information
Managing Access Domain Names
Cluster Scale-out
Performing a Primary/Standby Switchback
Cluster Upgrade
Password Reset
Cluster Restart
Modifying Database Parameters
MRS Data Sources
Importing Data from MRS to GaussDB(DWS)
Creating an MRS Data Source Connection
Updating the MRS Data Source Configuration
Managing Logical Clusters
Overview
Adding Logical Clusters
Editing Logical Clusters
Deleting Logical Clusters
Restarting Logical Clusters
Scaling Out Logical Clusters
Managing Tags
Overview
Tag Management
Deleting Clusters
Managing Parameter Templates
Managing Clusters That Fail to Be Created
Cluster HA
Snapshots
Overview
Manual Snapshots
Manually Creating a Snapshot
Deleting Manual Snapshots
Automated Snapshots
Automated Snapshot Overview
Configuring an Automated Snapshot Policy
Copying Automated Snapshots
Deleting an Automated Snapshot
Viewing Snapshot Information
Restoration Using a Snapshot
Restoring a Snapshot to a New Cluster
Cluster DR
DR Overview
Creating a DR Task
Viewing DR Information
DR Management
Mutually Exclusive DR Cases
Associating and Disassociating ELB
CNs
Monitoring and Alarms
Monitoring Clusters Using Cloud Eye
Databases Monitoring
Database Monitoring Overview
Monitoring Metrics
Cluster Overview
Monitoring
Node Monitoring
Performance Monitoring
Database Monitoring
Session Monitoring
Query Monitoring
Instance Monitoring
Load Monitoring
Utilities
SQL Diagnosis
Settings
Typical Scenarios
SQL Diagnosis
Top Time-Consuming SQL Statements Viewing
Event Notifications
Event Notifications Overview
Subscribing to Event Notifications
Viewing Events
Alarms
Alarm Management
Alarm Rules
Alarm Subscriptions
Cluster Security Management
Configuring Separation of Permissions
Encrypting Databases
Overview
Rotating Encryption Keys
Permissions
Syntax of Fine-Grained Permissions Policies
RBAC Syntax of RBAC Policies
Fine-Grained Permissions Policies
Audit Logs
Overview
Viewing Audit Logs of Key Operations on the Management Console
Configuring the Database Audit Logs
Dumping the Database Audit Logs
FAQs
Product Consulting
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) Users and Roles?
How Do I Check the Creation Time of a GaussDB(DWS) Database User?
How Do I Select a GaussDB(DWS) Region and AZ?
Is Data Secure in GaussDB(DWS)?
Can I Modify the Security Group of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster?
How Are Dirty Pages Generated in GaussDB(DWS)?
Database Connections
How Applications Communicate with GaussDB(DWS)?
Does GaussDB(DWS) Support Third-Party Clients and JDBC and ODBC Drivers?
How Do I Do If I Cannot Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster?
Why Was I Not Notified of Failure After Unbinding the EIP When GaussDB(DWS) Is Connected Over the Internet?
How Do I Configure a Whitelist If I Want to Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Using EIP?
Data Migration
What Are the Differences Between Data Formats Supported by OBS and GDS Foreign Tables in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Is Data Stored in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Much Service Data Can Be Stored in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Import and Export Data in GaussDB(DWS) Using \copy?
How Do I Implement Fault Tolerance Import Between Different GaussDB(DWS) Encoding Libraries
Which Factors Are Related to GaussDB(DWS) Import Performance?
Database Use
How Do I Adjust GaussDB(DWS) Distribution Columns?
How Do I View and Set the Character Set Encoding Format of a GaussDB(DWS) Database?
How Do I Do If a Field of the Date Type Is Automatically Converted to a Timestamp Type During Table Creation in GaussDB(DWS)?
Do I Need to Run VACUUM FULL and ANALYZE on Common Tables Periodically in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Export the Structure of a GaussDB(DWS) Table?
How Do I Delete Table Data Efficiently in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I View GaussDB(DWS) Foreign Table Information?
How Will Data Be Stored in a GaussDB(DWS) Table If No Distribution Column Is Specified During Its Creation?
How Do I Replace the Null Results with 0 in a GaussDB(DWS) Join Query?
How Do I Check Whether a GaussDB(DWS) Table Is Row-Stored or Column-Stored?
How Do I Query GaussDB(DWS) Column-Store Table Information?
Why Is the Index Invalid During GaussDB(DWS) Query?
How Do I Use a User-Defined GaussDB(DWS) Function to Rewrite the CRC32() Function?
What Is a GaussDB(DWS) Schema Starting with pg_toast_temp* or pg_temp*?
Solutions to Inconsistent GaussDB(DWS) Query Results
Which System Catalogs in GaussDB(DWS) Cannot Undergo the VACUUM FULL Operation?
In Which Scenarios Will a GaussDB(DWS) Statement Be in the idle in transaction State?
How Does GaussDB(DWS) Implement Row-to-Column and Column-to-Row Conversion?
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) Unique Constraints and Unique Indexes?
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) Functions and Stored Procedures?
How Do I Delete Duplicate Table Data from GaussDB(DWS)?
Cluster Management
How Can I Clear and Reclaim the GaussDB(DWS) Storage Space?
Why Does the Used Storage Capacity of GaussDB(DWS) Decrease Significantly After Scale-Out?
How Is the Disk Space or Capacity of GaussDB(DWS) Calculated?
How Do I Set the Session Threshold When Creating Alarm Rules for GaussDB(DWS) in Cloud Eye?
How Do I Determine Whether to Add CNs to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster or Scale Out the Cluster?
How Do I Choose Between a Small-Specification Multi-Node GaussDB(DWS) Cluster and a Large-Specification Three-Node GaussDB(DWS) Cluster with Identical CPU Cores and Memory?
What Are the Differences Between Hot Data Storage and Cold Data Storage in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Do If the GaussDB(DWS) Scale-In Button Is Unavailable?
Account Permissions
How Does GaussDB(DWS) Isolate Workloads?
How Do I Change the Password of a GaussDB(DWS) Database Account When It Expires?
How Do I Grant Table Permissions to a Specified GaussDB(DWS) User?
How Do I Grant the Permissions of a Schema to a Specified GaussDB(DWS) User?
How Do I Create a GaussDB(DWS) Database Read-Only User?
How Do I Create Private Users and Tables in a GaussDB(DWS) Database?
How Do I Revoke the CONNECT ON DATABASE Permission of a User on GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I View the Table Permissions of a GaussDB(DWS) User?
Who Is the Ruby User in the GaussDB(DWS) Database?
Database Performance
Why Is SQL Execution Slow After Using GaussDB(DWS) for a Period of Time?
Why Doesn't GaussDB(DWS) Perform Better Than a Single-Node Database in Extreme Scenarios?
How Do I View SQL Execution Records in a Certain Period When GaussDB(DWS) Read and Write Are Blocked?
GaussDB(DWS) CPU Resource Isolation
Why Do Regular GaussDB(DWS) Users Run Statements Slower Than User dbadmin?
Which Factors Affect Single-Table Query Performance in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Optimize a SQL Query with Many CASE WHEN Conditions?
Backup and Restoration
Why Is It Slow to Create a GaussDB(DWS) Automated Snapshot?
Does a GaussDB(DWS) Snapshot Have the Same Function as an EVS Snapshot?
Change History
API Reference (ME-Abu Dhabi Region)
Before You Start
Overview
API Calling
Endpoints
Basic Concepts
API Overview
Calling APIs
Making an API Request
Authentication
Response
Getting Started
API Description
Cluster Management APIs
Creating a Cluster
Querying the Cluster List
Querying Cluster Details
Querying the Supported Node Types
Deleting a Cluster
Restarting a Cluster
Scaling Out Clusters
Resetting a Password
Snapshot Management APIs
Creating a Snapshot
Querying the Snapshot List
Querying Snapshot Details
Deleting a Manual Snapshot
Restoring a Cluster
Permissions Policies and Supported Actions
Appendix
Status Code
Error Code
Creating a VPC
Obtaining a Project ID
Obtaining an Account ID
Obtaining the Cluster ID
Change History
Developer Guide (ME-Abu Dhabi Region)
Welcome
Target Readers
Reading Guide
Conventions
Prerequisites
System Overview
Highly Reliable Transaction Processing
High Query Performance
Related Concepts
Data Migration
Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)
Data Import
Importing Data from OBS in Parallel
About Parallel Data Import from OBS
Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS
Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)
Uploading Data to OBS
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS
Preparing Data on OBS
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables
Deleting Resources
Supported Data Types
Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS
Preparing Source Data
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster
Overview
Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster
Manually Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Importing Data
Deleting Resources
Error Handling
Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another
Full Database Migration
Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)
Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts
Meta-command Migration
Using gs_restore to Import Data
Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN
Introduction to the CopyManager Class
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
Data Export
Exporting Data to OBS
Parallel OBS Data Export
Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Examples
Exporting ORC Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Exporting ORC Data to MRS
Overview
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server
Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS
Planning Data Export
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Stopping GDS
Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS
Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata
Overview
Exporting a Single Database
Exporting a Database
Exporting a Schema
Exporting a Table
Exporting All Databases
Exporting All Databases
Exporting Global Objects
Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions
Appendices
GDS Pipe FAQs
Checking for Data Skew
Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL
Database Security Management
Managing Users and Their Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
System Administrator
Separation of Permissions
Users
Roles
Schema
User Permission Setting
Row-Level Access Control
Data Redaction
Setting Security Policies
Setting Account Security Policies
Setting the Validity Period of an Account
Setting a User Password
Querying Audit Results
Development and Design Proposal
Development and Design Proposal
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
PL/Java Usage
PL/pgSQL Usage
Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development
Development Specifications
Downloading Drivers
JDBC-Based Development
JDBC Package and Driver Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing the Connection
Example: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
ODBC-Based Development
ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
ODBC Development Example
ODBC Interfaces
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
PostGIS Extension
PostGIS
Using PostGIS
PostGIS Support and Constraints
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)
Resource Load Management
Overview
Query Band Load Identification
Schema Space Control
Memory Management
Overview
Job-Level Memory Control
Basic Framework for Resource Load Management
Resource Pools
Associated Jobs
Priority-based Scheduling
CPU
I/O
Storage Space Management
Resource Monitoring
User Resource Query
Monitoring Memory Resources
Instance Resource Monitoring
Real-time TopSQL
Historical TopSQL
TopSQL Query Example
Query Performance Optimization
Optimization Overview
Overview of Query Performance Optimization
Query Analysis
Query Execution Process
Overview of the SQL Execution Plan
Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan
Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most
Checking Blocked Statements
System Optimization
Optimizing OS Parameters
Optimizing Database Parameters
Optimizing Database Memory Parameters
Optimizing Concurrent Queue Parameters
Optimizing Database Communication Parameters
Configuration SMP
Application Scenarios and Restrictions
Resource Impact on SMP Performance
Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance
Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings
SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions
Configuring LLVM
LLVM Application Scenarios and Restrictions
Other Factors Affecting LLVM Performance
Recommended Suggestions for LLVM
Query Improvement
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
SQL Execution Plan
Description
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Selecting a Storage Model
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting a Distribution Column
Using Partial Clustering
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Configuration Parameter Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Plan Hint Cases
Routinely Maintaining Tables
Routinely Recreating an Index
Configuring the SMP
Application Scenarios and Restrictions
Resource Impact on SMP Performance
Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance
Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings
SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance
Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key
Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key
Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table
Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column
Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1)
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2)
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys
SQL Execution Troubleshooting
Low Query Efficiency
DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed
Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users
An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion
Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors
Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design
User-Defined Functions
PL/Java Functions
PL/pgSQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays and Records
Arrays
record
Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Block
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statement
Assignment Statement
Call Statement
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
DBMS_LOB
DBMS_RANDOM
DBMS_OUTPUT
UTL_RAW
DBMS_JOB
DBMS_SQL
Debugging
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_OBSSCANINFO
GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOBS
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OBSSCANINFO
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REDACTION_COLUMN
PG_REDACTION_POLICY
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
System Views
ALL_ALL_TABLES
ALL_CONSTRAINTS
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
ALL_COL_COMMENTS
ALL_DEPENDENCIES
ALL_IND_COLUMNS
ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ALL_INDEXES
ALL_OBJECTS
ALL_PROCEDURES
ALL_SEQUENCES
ALL_SOURCE
ALL_SYNONYMS
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
ALL_TABLES
ALL_USERS
ALL_VIEWS
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_USERS
DBA_COL_COMMENTS
DBA_CONSTRAINTS
DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
DBA_INDEXES
DBA_OBJECTS
DBA_PART_INDEXES
DBA_PART_TABLES
DBA_PROCEDURES
DBA_SEQUENCES
DBA_SOURCE
DBA_SYNONYMS
DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
DBA_TABLES
DBA_TABLESPACES
DBA_TRIGGERS
DBA_VIEWS
DUAL
GLOBAL_REDO_STAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
GS_REL_IOSTAT
GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_WAIT_EVENTS
GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GS_STAT_DB_CU
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_USER_TRANSACTION
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH
GS_VIEW_INVALID
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_JOB_SINGLE
PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VIEWS
PG_WLM_STATISTICS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_DEADLOCK
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS
PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME
PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_REDO_STAT
PGXC_REL_IOSTAT
PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SETTINGS
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER
PGXC_STAT_DATABASE
PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE
PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
PLAN_TABLE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_REDO_STAT
REDACTION_COLUMNS
REDACTION_POLICIES
USER_COL_COMMENTS
USER_CONSTRAINTS
USER_CONS_COLUMNS
USER_INDEXES
USER_IND_COLUMNS
USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
USER_IND_PARTITIONS
USER_JOBS
USER_OBJECTS
USER_PART_INDEXES
USER_PART_TABLES
USER_PROCEDURES
USER_SEQUENCES
USER_SOURCE
USER_SYNONYMS
USER_TAB_COLUMNS
USER_TAB_COMMENTS
USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
USER_TABLES
USER_TRIGGERS
USER_VIEWS
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_LONGOPS
GUC Parameters
Viewing GUC Parameters
Configuring GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resources
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Asynchronous I/O Operations
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Logs
Settings
Checkpoints
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Workload Management
Automatic Cleanup
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Zone and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Developer Operations
Auditing
Audit Switch
Operation Audit
Transaction Monitoring
Miscellaneous Parameters
Glossary
SQL Syntax Reference (ME-Abu Dhabi Region)
GaussDB(DWS) SQL
Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL
GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq
Data Type Differences
Function Differences
PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS)
Keyword
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Type
Character Types
Binary Data Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
Text Search Types
UUID Type
JSON Types
HLL Data Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables
XML
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Mathematical Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
UUID Functions
JSON Functions
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signaling Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Residual File Management Functions
Replication Functions
Other Functions
Resource Management Functions
Data Redaction Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
XML Functions
Call Stack Recording Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Conditional Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Full Text Search
Introduction
Full-Text Retrieval
What Is a Document?
Basic Text Matching
Configurations
Table and index
Searching a Table
Creating an Index
Constraints on Index Use
Controlling Text Search
Parsing Documents
Parsing Queries
Ranking Search Results
Highlighting Results
Additional Features
Manipulating tsvector
Manipulating Queries
Rewriting Queries
Gathering Document Statistics
Parsers
Dictionaries
Overview
Stop Words
Simple Dictionary
Synonym Dictionary
Thesaurus Dictionary
Ispell Dictionary
Snowball Dictionary
Configuration Examples
Testing and Debugging Text Search
Testing a Configuration
Testing a Parser
Testing a Dictionary
Limitations
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax
DDL Syntax Overview
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LARGE OBJECT
ALTER REDACTION POLICY
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE REDACTION POLICY
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CURSOR
DROP DATABASE
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP OWNED
DROP REDACTION POLICY
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
FETCH
MOVE
REINDEX
RESET
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SHOW
TRUNCATE
VACUUM
DML Syntax
DML Syntax Overview
CALL
COPY
DELETE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
LOCK
MERGE INTO
INSERT and UPSERT
INSERT
UPSERT
UPDATE
VALUES
DCL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
DEALLOCATE
DO
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
GRANT
PREPARE
REASSIGN OWNED
REVOKE
DQL Syntax
DQL Syntax Overview
SELECT
SELECT INTO
TCL Syntax
TCL Syntax Overview
ABORT
BEGIN
CHECKPOINT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
PREPARE TRANSACTION
SAVEPOINT
SET TRANSACTION
START TRANSACTION
ROLLBACK
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
GIN Indexes
Introduction
Scalability
Implementation
GIN Tips and Tricks
Tool Guide (ME-Abu Dhabi Region)
Overview
Downloading Client Tools
gsql - CLI Client
Overview
Instruction
Online Help
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Data Studio - Integrated Database Development Tool
About Data Studio
Overview
Constraints and Limitations
Structure of the Release Package
System Requirements
Installing and Configuring Data Studio
Quick Start
Data Studio GUI
Data Studio Menus
File
Edit
Run
Debug
Settings
Help
Data Studio Toolbar
Data Studio Right-Click Menus
Connection Profiles
Overview
Adding a Connection
Renaming a Connection
Editing a Connection
Removing a Connection
Viewing Connection Properties
Refreshing a Database Connection
Databases
Creating a Database
Disconnect All
Connecting to a Database
Disconnecting a Database
Renaming a Database
Dropping a Database
Viewing Properties of a Database
Schemas
Overview
Creating a Schema
Exporting Schema DDL
Exporting Schema DDL and Data
Renaming a Schema
Supporting Sequence DDL
Granting/Revoking a Privilege
Dropping a Schema
Creating a Function/Procedure
Editing a Function/Procedure
Granting/Revoking a Permission (Function/Procedure)
Debugging a PL/SQL Function
Overview
Using Breakpoints
Controlling Execution
Checking Debugging Information
Working with Functions/Procedures
Overview
Selecting a DB Object in the PL/SQL Viewer
Exporting the DDL of a Function or Procedure
Viewing Object Properties in the PL/SQL Viewer
Dropping a Function/Procedure
Executing a Function/Procedure
Granting/Revoking a Privilege
GaussDB(DWS) Tables
Table Management Overview
Creating Regular Table
Overview
Working with Columns
Working with Constraints
Managing Indexes
Creating Foreign Table
Creating Partition Table
Overview
Working with Partitions
Grant/Revoke Privilege - Regular/Partition Table
Managing Table
Overview
Renaming a Table
Truncating a Table
Reindexing a Table
Analyzing a Table
Vacuuming a Table
Setting the Table Description
Setting the Schema
Dropping a Table
Viewing Table Properties
Grant/Revoke Privilege
Managing Table Data
Exporting Table DDL
Exporting Table DDL and Data
Exporting Table Data
Show DDL
Importing Table Data
Viewing Table Data
Editing Table Data
Editing Temporary Tables
Sequences
Creating Sequence
Grant/Revoke Privilege
Working with Sequences
Views
Creating a View
Granting/Revoking a Privilege
Working with Views
SQL Terminal
Opening Multiple SQL Terminal Tabs
Managing the History of Executed SQL Queries
Opening and Saving SQL Scripts
Viewing Object Properties in the SQL Terminal
Canceling the Execution of SQL Queries
Formatting of SQL Queries
Selecting a DB Object in the SQL Terminal
Viewing the Execution Plan and Costs
Viewing the Query Execution Plan and Cost Graphically
Using SQL Terminals
Exporting Query Results
Managing SQL Terminal Connections
Batch Operation
Overview
Batch Dropping Objects
Granting/Revoking Privileges
Personalizing Data Studio
Overview
General
Editor
Environment
Result Management
Security
Performance Specifications
Security Management
Overview
Login History
Password Expiry Notification
Securing the Application In-Memory Data
Data Encryption for Saved Data
SQL History
SSL Certificates
Troubleshooting
FAQs
GDS: Parallel Data Loader
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
gds
gds_ctl.py
Handling Import Errors
DSC: SQL Syntax Migration Tool
Overview
Supported Keywords and Features
Constraints and Limitations
System Requirements
Installing DSC
Configuring DSC
Overview
DSC Configuration
Teradata SQL Configuration
Oracle SQL Configuration
Teradata Perl Configuration
MySQL SQL Configuration
Netezza Configuration
Using DSC
Migration Process
Overview
Prerequisites
Preparations
Migrating Data Using DSC
Viewing Output Files and Logs
Troubleshooting
Teradata SQL Migration
Oracle SQL Migration
Teradata Perl Migration
Netezza SQL Migration
MySQL SQL Migration
SQL Formatter
Teradata Syntax Migration
Overview
Schema Objects
Table Migration
Index Migration
View Migration
COLLECT STATISTICS
ACCESS LOCK
DBC.COLUMNS
DBC.TABLES
DBC.INDICES
SHOW STATS VALUES SEQUENCED
DML
Query Migration Operators
Query Optimization Operators
System Functions and Operators
Math Functions
String Functions
Date and Time Functions
Type Casting and Formatting
BTEQ Utility Command
DSQL
Oracle Syntax Migration
Overview
Schema Objects
Tables
Temporary Tables
Global Temporary Tables
Indexes
Views
Sequences
PURGE
Database Keywords
COMPRESS Phrase
Bitmap Index
Custom Tablespace
Supplemental Log Data
LONG RAW
DML
Pseudo Columns
OUTER JOIN
OUTER QUERY (+)
CONNECT BY
System Functions
Date Functions
LOB Functions
String Functions
Analytical Functions
Regular Expression Functions
PL/SQL
PL/SQL Collections (Using User-Defined Types)
PL/SQL Packages
Packages
Package Variables
Splitting Packages
REF CURSOR
Creating a Schema for Package
VARRAY
Granting Execution Permissions
Package Name List
Data Type
Chinese Character Support
Netezza Syntax Migration
Tables
PROCEDURE with RETURNS
Procedure
System Functions
Operator
DML
Index
MySQL Syntax Migration
Basic Data Types
Table (Optional)
Table Operations
Unique Indexes
Normal and Prefix Indexes
Hash Indexes
B-tree Indexes
Spatial Indexes
Delete an Index
Comments
Databases
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Transaction Management and Database Management
DB2 Syntax Migration
Tables
DML
Index
NICKNAME
Statement
System Functions
Command Reference
Database Schema Conversion
Version
Help
Log Reference
Overview
SQL Migration Logs
Perl Migration Logs
Troubleshooting
FAQs
Security Management
Server Tool
gs_dump
gs_dumpall
gs_restore
gds_check
gds_install
gds_uninstall
gds_ctl
gs_sshexkey
Error Code Reference (ME-Abu Dhabi Region)
Management Console Error Code
User Guide (Paris Region)
Service Overview
What Is GaussDB(DWS)?
Advantages
Application Scenarios
Functions
Concepts
Related Services
GaussDB(DWS) Permissions Management
GaussDB(DWS) Access
Restrictions
Getting Started
Step 1: Starting Preparations
Step 2: Creating a Cluster
Step 3: Connecting to a Cluster
Step 4: Viewing Other Documents and Deleting Resources
Process for Using GaussDB(DWS)
Preparations
Creating or Deleting a Cluster
Accessing the GaussDB(DWS) Management Console
Creating a Cluster
Deleting a Cluster
Cluster Connection
Methods of Connecting to a Cluster
Obtaining the Cluster Connection Address
Using the Data Studio GUI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the gsql CLI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Downloading the Data Studio client
Using the Linux gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Windows gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSL Mode
Using the JDBC and ODBC Drivers to Connect to a Cluster
Development Specifications
Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver
Using JDBC to Connect to a Cluster
Configuring JDBC to Connect to a Cluster (Load Balancing Mode)
Configuring JDBC to Connect to a Cluster (IAM Authentication Mode)
Using ODBC to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Third-Party Function Library psycopg2 of Python to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Python Library PyGreSQL to Connect to a Cluster
Managing Database Connections
Monitoring and Alarms
Monitoring Clusters Using Cloud Eye
Alarms
Alarm Management
Alarm Rules
Alarm Subscriptions
Event Notifications
Event Notifications Overview
Viewing Events
Specifications Change and Scaling
Managing Nodes
Scaling Nodes
Scaling Out a Cluster
Cluster Redistribution
Redistributing Data
Viewing Redistribution Details
Scaling In a Cluster
Changing Specifications
Changing the Node Flavor
Changing All Specifications
Disk Capacity Expansion of an EVS Cluster
Backup and Disaster Recovery
Snapshots
Overview
Manual Snapshots
Creating a Manual Snapshot
Deleting a Manual Snapshot
Automated Snapshots
Automatic Snapshot Overview
Configuring an Automated Snapshot Policy
Copying Automated Snapshots
Deleting an Automated Snapshot
Viewing Snapshot Information
Restoration Using a Snapshot
Constraints on Restoring a Snapshot
Restoring a Snapshot to a New Cluster
Restoring a Snapshot to the Original Cluster
Configuring a Snapshot
Stopping Snapshot Creation
Cluster DR
DR Overview
Creating a DR Task
Viewing DR Information
DR Management
Mutually Exclusive DR Cases
Intelligent O&M
Overview
O&M Plans
O&M Status
Cluster Management
Modifying Database Parameters
Checking the Cluster Status
Viewing Cluster Details
Managing Access Domain Names
Cluster Topology
Managing Tags
Overview
Tag Management
Managing Enterprise Projects
Managing Clusters That Fail to Be Created
Removing the Read-only Status
Performing a Primary/Standby Switchback
Cluster Restart
Resetting a Password
Cluster Upgrade
Associating and Disassociating ELB
Managing CNs
Cluster Log Management
Database User Management
Managing Users
Managing Roles
Audit Logs
Audit Log Overview
Management Console Audit Logs
Database Audit Logs
Configuring the Database Audit Logs
Dumping the Database Audit Logs
Viewing Database Audit Logs
Cluster Security Management
Configuring Separation of Permissions
Encrypting Databases
Overview
Rotating Encryption Keys
Permissions
Syntax of Fine-Grained Permissions Policies
Resource Management
Overview
Resource Pool
Feature Description
Page Overview
Creating a Resource Pool
Modifying a Resource Pool
Deleting a Resource Pool
Resource Management Plan
Managing Resource Management Plans
Managing Resource Management Plan Stages
Importing or Exporting a Resource Management Plan
Workspace Management
Data Source Management
MRS Data Sources
MRS Data Source Usage Overview
Creating an MRS Data Source Connection
Updating the MRS Data Source Configuration
Managing Logical Clusters
Logical Cluster Overview
Adding Logical Clusters
Editing Logical Clusters
Managing Resources (in a Logical Cluster)
Restarting Logical Clusters
Scaling Out Logical Clusters
Deleting Logical Clusters
Tutorial: Converting a Physical Cluster That Contains Data into a Logical Cluster
Tutorial: Dividing a New Physical Cluster into Logical Clusters
FAQs
General Problems
Why Do I Need to Use a Data Warehouse?
What Are the Differences Between Users and Roles?
When Should I Use GaussDB(DWS) and MRS?
How Do I Check the Creation Time of a Database User?
Regions and AZs
Is My Data Secure in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Is GaussDB(DWS) Secured?
Can I Modify the Security Group of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster?
How Are Dirty Pages Generated in GaussDB(DWS)?
Database Usage
How Do I Change Distribution Columns?
How Do I View and Set the Database Character Encoding?
What Do I Do If Date Type Is Automatically Converted to the Timestamp Type During Table Creation?
Do I Need to Run VACUUM FULL and ANALYZE on Common Tables Periodically?
Do I Need to Set a Distribution Key After Setting a Primary Key?
Is GaussDB(DWS) Compatible with PostgreSQL Stored Procedures?
What Are Partitioned Tables, Partitions, and Partition Keys?
How Can I Export the Table Structure?
How Do I Delete Table Data Efficiently?
How Do I View Foreign Table Information?
If No Distribution Column Is Specified, How Will Data Be Stored?
How Do I Replace the Null Result with 0?
How Do I Check Whether a Table Is Row-Stored or Column-Stored?
How Do I Query the Information About GaussDB(DWS) Column-Store Tables?
Why Sometimes the GaussDB(DWS) Query Indexes Become Invalid?
How Do I Use a User-Defined Function to Rewrite the CRC32() Function?
What Are the Schemas Starting with pg_toast_temp* or pg_temp*?
Solutions to Inconsistent GaussDB(DWS) Query Results
Which System Catalogs That the VACUUM FULL Operation Cannot Be Performed on?
In Which Scenarios Would a Statement Be "idle in transaction"?
How Does GaussDB(DWS) Implement Row-to-Column and Column-to-Row Conversion?
What Are the Differences Between Unique Constraints and Unique Indexes?
What Are the Differences Between Functions and Stored Procedures?
How Do I Delete Duplicate Table Data?
Cluster Management
What Do I Do If Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Failed?
How Can I Clear and Reclaim the Storage Space?
Why Did the Used Storage Shrink After Scale-out?
How Do I View Node Metrics (CPU, Memory, and Disk Usage)?
How Is the Disk Space or Capacity of GaussDB(DWS) Calculated?
What Are the gaussdb and postgres Databases of GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Set the Maximum Number of Sessions When Adding an Alarm Rule on Cloud Eye?
When Should I Add CNs or Scale out a cluster?
How Should I Select from a Small-Flavor Many-Node Cluster and a Large-Flavor Three-Node Cluster with Same CPU Cores and Memory?
What Are the Differences Between Hot Data Storage and Cold Data Storage?
What Do I do if the Scale-in Button Is Dimmed?
Database Connections
How Applications Communicate with GaussDB(DWS)?
Does GaussDB(DWS) Support Third-Party Clients and JDBC and ODBC Drivers?
Can I Connect to GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Nodes Using SSH?
What Should I Do If I Cannot Connect to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster?
Why Was I Not Notified of Failure Unbinding the EIP When GaussDB(DWS) Is Connected Over the Internet?
How Do I Configure a Whitelist to Protect Clusters Available Through a Public IP Address?
Data Import and Export
What Are the Differences Between Data Formats Supported by OBS and GDS Foreign Tables?
How Do I Import Incremental Data Using an OBS Foreign Table?
How Can I Import Data to GaussDB(DWS)?
How Much Service Data Can a Data Warehouse Store?
How Do I Use \Copy to Import and Export Data?
How Do I Implement Fault Tolerance Import Between Different Encoding Libraries
Can I Import and Export Data to and from OBS Across Regions?
Can I Import Data over the Public/External Network Using GDS?
Which Are the Factors That Affect GaussDB(DWS) Import Performance?
Account, Password, and Permission
How Does GaussDB(DWS) Implement Workload Isolation?
How Do I Change the Password of a Database Account When the Password Expires?
How Do I Grant Table Permissions to a User?
How Do I Grant Schema Permissions to a User?
How Do I Create a Database Read-only User?
How Do I Create Private Database Users and Tables?
How Do I Revoke the CONNECT ON DATABASE Permission from a User?
How Do I View the Table Permissions of a User?
Who Is User Ruby?
Database Performance
Why Is SQL Execution Slow After Long GaussDB(DWS) Usage?
Why Does GaussDB(DWS) Perform Worse Than a Single-Server Database in Extreme Scenarios?
How Can I View SQL Execution Records in a Certain Period When Read and Write Requests Are Blocked?
What Do I Do If My Cluster Is Unavailable Because of Insufficient Space?
GaussDB(DWS) CPU Resource Management
Why the Tasks Executed by an Ordinary User Are Slower Than That Executed by the dbadmin User?
What Are the Factors Related to the Single-Table Query Performance in GaussDB(DWS)?
Snapshot Backup and Restoration
Why Is Creating an Automated Snapshot So Slow?
Does a DWS Snapshot Have the Same Function as an EVS Snapshot?
API Reference (Paris Region)
Before You Start
Overview
API Calling
Endpoints
Basic Concepts
API Overview
Calling APIs
Making an API Request
Authentication
Response
Getting Started
API Description
Cluster Management APIs
Creating a Cluster
Querying the Cluster List
Querying Cluster Details
Querying the Supported Node Types
Deleting a Cluster
Restarting a Cluster
Scaling Out Clusters
Resetting a Password
Snapshot Management APIs
Creating a Snapshot
Querying the Snapshot List
Querying Snapshot Details
Deleting a Manual Snapshot
Restoring a Cluster
Appendix
Status Code
Error Code
Creating a VPC
Obtaining a Project ID
Obtaining an Account ID
Obtaining the Cluster ID
Change History
Developer Guide (Paris Region)
Welcome
Target Readers
Reading Guide
Conventions
Prerequisites
System Overview
Highly Reliable Transaction Processing
High Query Performance
Related Concepts
Data Migration
Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)
Data Import
Importing Data from OBS in Parallel
About Parallel Data Import from OBS
Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS
Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)
Uploading Data to OBS
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS
Preparing Data on OBS
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables
Deleting Resources
Supported Data Types
Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS
Preparing Source Data
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster
Overview
Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster
Manually Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Importing Data
Deleting Resources
Error Handling
Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another
Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN
Introduction to the CopyManager Class
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
Full Database Migration
Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)
Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts
Meta-command Migration
Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata
Overview
Exporting a Single Database
Exporting a Database
Exporting a Schema
Exporting a Table
Exporting All Databases
Exporting All Databases
Exporting Global Objects
Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions
Using gs_restore to Import Data
Data Export
Exporting Data to OBS
Parallel OBS Data Export
Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Examples
Exporting ORC Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Exporting ORC Data to MRS
Overview
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server
Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS
Planning Data Export
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Stopping GDS
Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS
Other Operations
GDS Pipe FAQs
Checking for Data Skew
Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL
Database Security Management
Managing Users and Their Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
System Administrator
Separation of Permissions
Users
Roles
Schema
User Permission Setting
Row-Level Access Control
Data Redaction
Setting Security Policies
Setting Account Security Policies
Setting the Validity Period of an Account
Setting a User Password
Querying Audit Results
Development and Design Proposal
Development and Design Proposal
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
PL/Java Usage
PL/pgSQL Usage
Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development
Development Specifications
Downloading Drivers
JDBC-Based Development
JDBC Package and Driver Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing the Connection
Example: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
ODBC-Based Development
ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
ODBC Development Example
ODBC Interfaces
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
PostGIS Extension
PostGIS
Using PostGIS
PostGIS Support and Constraints
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)
Resource Load Management
Overview
Query Band Load Identification
Schema Space Control
Memory Management
Overview
Job-Level Memory Control
Basic Framework for Resource Load Management
Resource Pools
Associated Jobs
Priority-based Scheduling
CPU
I/O
Storage Space Management
Resource Monitoring
User Resource Query
Monitoring Memory Resources
Instance Resource Monitoring
Real-time TopSQL
Historical TopSQL
TopSQL Query Example
Query Performance Optimization
Overview of Query Performance Optimization
Query Analysis
Query Execution Process
Overview of the SQL Execution Plan
Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan
Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most
Checking Blocked Statements
Query Improvement
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Selecting a Storage Model
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting a Distribution Column
Using Partial Clustering
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Configuration Parameter Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Plan Hint Cases
Routinely Maintaining Tables
Routinely Recreating an Index
Configuring the SMP
Application Scenarios and Restrictions
Resource Impact on SMP Performance
Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance
Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings
SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance
Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key
Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key
Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table
Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column
Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1)
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2)
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys
SQL Execution Troubleshooting
Low Query Efficiency
DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed
Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users
An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion
Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors
Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design
User-Defined Functions
PL/Java Functions
PL/pgSQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays and Records
Arrays
record
Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Block
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statement
Assignment Statement
Call Statement
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
DBMS_LOB
DBMS_RANDOM
DBMS_OUTPUT
UTL_RAW
DBMS_JOB
DBMS_SQL
Debugging
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_OBSSCANINFO
GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOBS
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OBSSCANINFO
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REDACTION_COLUMN
PG_REDACTION_POLICY
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
System Views
ALL_ALL_TABLES
ALL_CONSTRAINTS
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
ALL_COL_COMMENTS
ALL_DEPENDENCIES
ALL_IND_COLUMNS
ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ALL_INDEXES
ALL_OBJECTS
ALL_PROCEDURES
ALL_SEQUENCES
ALL_SOURCE
ALL_SYNONYMS
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
ALL_TABLES
ALL_USERS
ALL_VIEWS
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_USERS
DBA_COL_COMMENTS
DBA_CONSTRAINTS
DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
DBA_INDEXES
DBA_OBJECTS
DBA_PART_INDEXES
DBA_PART_TABLES
DBA_PROCEDURES
DBA_SEQUENCES
DBA_SOURCE
DBA_SYNONYMS
DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
DBA_TABLES
DBA_TABLESPACES
DBA_TRIGGERS
DBA_VIEWS
DUAL
GLOBAL_REDO_STAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
GS_REL_IOSTAT
GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_WAIT_EVENTS
GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GS_STAT_DB_CU
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_USER_TRANSACTION
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH
GS_VIEW_INVALID
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_JOB_SINGLE
PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VIEWS
PG_WLM_STATISTICS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_DEADLOCK
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS
PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME
PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_REDO_STAT
PGXC_REL_IOSTAT
PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SETTINGS
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER
PGXC_STAT_DATABASE
PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE
PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
PLAN_TABLE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_REDO_STAT
REDACTION_COLUMNS
REDACTION_POLICIES
USER_COL_COMMENTS
USER_CONSTRAINTS
USER_CONS_COLUMNS
USER_INDEXES
USER_IND_COLUMNS
USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
USER_IND_PARTITIONS
USER_JOBS
USER_OBJECTS
USER_PART_INDEXES
USER_PART_TABLES
USER_PROCEDURES
USER_SEQUENCES
USER_SOURCE
USER_SYNONYMS
USER_TAB_COLUMNS
USER_TAB_COMMENTS
USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
USER_TABLES
USER_TRIGGERS
USER_VIEWS
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_LONGOPS
GUC Parameters
Viewing GUC Parameters
Configuring GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resources
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Asynchronous I/O Operations
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Logs
Settings
Checkpoints
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Workload Management
Automatic Cleanup
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Zone and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Developer Operations
Auditing
Audit Switch
Operation Audit
Transaction Monitoring
Miscellaneous Parameters
Glossary
SQL Syntax Reference (Paris Region)
GaussDB(DWS) SQL
Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL
GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq
Data Type Differences
Function Differences
PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS)
Keyword
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Type
Character Types
Binary Data Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
Text Search Types
UUID Type
JSON Types
HLL Data Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables
XML
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Mathematical Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
UUID Functions
JSON Functions
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signaling Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Residual File Management Functions
Replication Functions
Other Functions
Resource Management Functions
Data Redaction Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
XML Functions
Call Stack Recording Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Conditional Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Full Text Search
Introduction
Full-Text Retrieval
What Is a Document?
Basic Text Matching
Configurations
Table and index
Searching a Table
Creating an Index
Constraints on Index Use
Controlling Text Search
Parsing Documents
Parsing Queries
Ranking Search Results
Highlighting Results
Additional Features
Manipulating tsvector
Manipulating Queries
Rewriting Queries
Gathering Document Statistics
Parsers
Dictionaries
Overview
Stop Words
Simple Dictionary
Synonym Dictionary
Thesaurus Dictionary
Ispell Dictionary
Snowball Dictionary
Configuration Examples
Testing and Debugging Text Search
Testing a Configuration
Testing a Parser
Testing a Dictionary
Limitations
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax
DDL Syntax Overview
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LARGE OBJECT
ALTER REDACTION POLICY
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop )
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE REDACTION POLICY
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CURSOR
DROP DATABASE
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP OWNED
DROP REDACTION POLICY
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
FETCH
MOVE
REINDEX
RESET
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SHOW
TRUNCATE
VACUUM
DML Syntax
DML Syntax Overview
CALL
COPY
DELETE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
LOCK
MERGE INTO
INSERT and UPSERT
INSERT
UPSERT
UPDATE
VALUES
DCL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
DEALLOCATE
DO
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
GRANT
PREPARE
REASSIGN OWNED
REVOKE
DQL Syntax
DQL Syntax Overview
SELECT
SELECT INTO
TCL Syntax
TCL Syntax Overview
ABORT
BEGIN
CHECKPOINT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
PREPARE TRANSACTION
SAVEPOINT
SET TRANSACTION
START TRANSACTION
ROLLBACK
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
GIN Indexes
Introduction
Scalability
Implementation
GIN Tips and Tricks
Tool Guide (Paris Region)
Overview
Downloading Client Tools
gsql - CLI Client
Overview
Instruction
Online Help
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Data Studio - Integrated Database Development Tool
About Data Studio
Overview
Constraints and Limitations
Structure of the Release Package
System Requirements
Installing and Configuring Data Studio
Quick Start
Data Studio GUI
Data Studio Menus
File
Edit
Run
Debug
Settings
Help
Data Studio Toolbar
Data Studio Right-Click Menus
Connection Profiles
Overview
Adding a Connection
Renaming a Connection
Editing a Connection
Removing a Connection
Viewing Connection Properties
Refreshing a Database Connection
Databases
Creating a Database
Disconnect All
Connecting to a Database
Disconnecting a Database
Renaming a Database
Dropping a Database
Viewing Properties of a Database
Schemas
Overview
Creating a Schema
Exporting Schema DDL
Exporting Schema DDL and Data
Renaming a Schema
Supporting Sequence DDL
Granting/Revoking a Privilege
Dropping a Schema
Creating a Function/Procedure
Editing a Function/Procedure
Granting/Revoking a Permission (Function/Procedure)
Debugging a PL/SQL Function
Overview
Using Breakpoints
Controlling Execution
Checking Debugging Information
Working with Functions/Procedures
Overview
Selecting a DB Object in the PL/SQL Viewer
Exporting the DDL of a Function or Procedure
Viewing Object Properties in the PL/SQL Viewer
Dropping a Function/Procedure
Executing a Function/Procedure
Granting/Revoking a Privilege
GaussDB(DWS) Tables
Table Management Overview
Creating Regular Table
Overview
Working with Columns
Working with Constraints
Managing Indexes
Creating Foreign Table
Creating Partition Table
Overview
Working with Partitions
Grant/Revoke Privilege - Regular/Partition Table
Managing Table
Overview
Renaming a Table
Truncating a Table
Reindexing a Table
Analyzing a Table
Vacuuming a Table
Setting the Table Description
Setting the Schema
Dropping a Table
Viewing Table Properties
Grant/Revoke Privilege
Managing Table Data
Exporting Table DDL
Exporting Table DDL and Data
Exporting Table Data
Show DDL
Importing Table Data
Viewing Table Data
Editing Table Data
Editing Temporary Tables
Sequences
Creating Sequence
Grant/Revoke Privilege
Working with Sequences
Views
Creating a View
Granting/Revoking a Privilege
Working with Views
SQL Terminal
Opening Multiple SQL Terminal Tabs
Managing the History of Executed SQL Queries
Opening and Saving SQL Scripts
Viewing Object Properties in the SQL Terminal
Canceling the Execution of SQL Queries
Formatting of SQL Queries
Selecting a DB Object in the SQL Terminal
Viewing the Execution Plan and Costs
Viewing the Query Execution Plan and Cost Graphically
Using SQL Terminals
Exporting Query Results
Managing SQL Terminal Connections
Batch Operation
Overview
Batch Dropping Objects
Granting/Revoking Privileges
Personalizing Data Studio
Overview
General
Editor
Environment
Result Management
Security
Performance Specifications
Security Management
Overview
Login History
Password Expiry Notification
Securing the Application In-Memory Data
Data Encryption for Saved Data
SQL History
SSL Certificates
Troubleshooting
FAQs
GDS: Parallel Data Loader
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
gds
gds_ctl.py
Handling Import Errors
DSC: SQL Syntax Migration Tool
Overview
Supported Keywords and Features
Constraints and Limitations
System Requirements
Installing DSC
Configuring DSC
Overview
DSC Configuration
Teradata SQL Configuration
Oracle SQL Configuration
Teradata Perl Configuration
MySQL SQL Configuration
Netezza Configuration
Using DSC
Migration Process
Overview
Prerequisites
Preparations
Migrating Data Using DSC
Viewing Output Files and Logs
Troubleshooting
Teradata SQL Migration
Oracle SQL Migration
Teradata Perl Migration
Netezza SQL Migration
MySQL SQL Migration
SQL Formatter
Teradata Syntax Migration
Overview
Schema Objects
Table Migration
Index Migration
View Migration
COLLECT STATISTICS
ACCESS LOCK
DBC.COLUMNS
DBC.TABLES
DBC.INDICES
SHOW STATS VALUES SEQUENCED
DML
Query Migration Operators
Query Optimization Operators
System Functions and Operators
Math Functions
String Functions
Date and Time Functions
Type Casting and Formatting
BTEQ Utility Command
DSQL
Oracle Syntax Migration
Overview
Schema Objects
Tables
Temporary Tables
Global Temporary Tables
Indexes
Views
Sequences
PURGE
Database Keywords
COMPRESS Phrase
Bitmap Index
Custom Tablespace
Supplemental Log Data
LONG RAW
DML
Pseudo Columns
OUTER JOIN
OUTER QUERY (+)
CONNECT BY
System Functions
Date Functions
LOB Functions
String Functions
Analytical Functions
Regular Expression Functions
PL/SQL
PL/SQL Collections (Using User-Defined Types)
PL/SQL Packages
Packages
Package Variables
Splitting Packages
REF CURSOR
Creating a Schema for Package
VARRAY
Granting Execution Permissions
Package Name List
Data Type
Chinese Character Support
Netezza Syntax Migration
Tables
PROCEDURE with RETURNS
Procedure
System Functions
Operator
DML
Index
MySQL Syntax Migration
Basic Data Types
Table (Optional)
Table Operations
Unique Indexes
Normal and Prefix Indexes
Hash Indexes
B-tree Indexes
Spatial Indexes
Delete an Index
Comments
Databases
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Transaction Management and Database Management
DB2 Syntax Migration
Tables
DML
Index
NICKNAME
Statement
System Functions
Command Reference
Database Schema Conversion
Version
Help
Log Reference
Overview
SQL Migration Logs
Perl Migration Logs
Troubleshooting
FAQs
Security Management
Server Tool
gs_dump
gs_dumpall
gs_restore
gds_check
gds_install
gds_uninstall
gds_ctl
gs_sshexkey
Change History
Error Code Reference (Paris Region)
Management Console Error Code
User Guide (Kuala Lumpur Region)
Service Overview
What Is GaussDB(DWS)?
Advantages
Application Scenarios
Functions
Concepts
GaussDB(DWS) Management Concepts
GaussDB(DWS) Database Concepts
Related Services
GaussDB(DWS) Permissions Management
GaussDB(DWS) Access
Restrictions
Technical Specifications
Getting Started
Step 1: Starting Preparations
Step 2: Creating a Cluster
Step 3: Connecting to a Cluster
Step 4: Viewing Other Documents and Clearing Resources
Process for Using GaussDB(DWS)
Preparations
Cluster Configuration
Accessing the GaussDB(DWS) Management Console
Creating a Cluster
Cluster Connection
Methods of Connecting to a Cluster
Obtaining the Cluster Connection Address
Using the gsql CLI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Downloading the Client
Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host
Using the gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSL Mode
(Optional) Configuring SSL Connection
(Optional) Downloading the SSL Certificate
Using the Data Studio GUI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the JDBC and ODBC Drivers to Connect to a Cluster
Development Specifications
Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver
Using a JDBC Driver to Connect to a Database
Using an ODBC Driver to Connect to a Database
Connecting to a Cluster Using IAM Authentication
Overview
Granting an IAM Account the DWS Database Access Permission
Creating an IAM User Credential
Configuring the JDBC Connection to Connect to a Cluster Using IAM Authentication
Using the Python Library psycopg2 to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Python Library PyGreSQL to Connect to a Cluster
Managing Database Connections
Clusters
Checking the Cluster Status
Viewing Basic Cluster Information
Managing Access Domain Names
Nodes
Cluster Scale-out
Cluster Redistribution
Redistributing Data
Viewing Redistribution Details
Performing a Primary/Standby Switchback
Cluster Upgrade
Password Reset
Cluster Restart
Modifying Database Parameters
MRS Data Sources
Importing Data from MRS to GaussDB(DWS)
Creating an MRS Data Source Connection
Updating the MRS Data Source Configuration
Managing Cluster Workloads
Workload Management Overview
Adding Workload Queues
Modifying Workload Queues
Workload Queue Query
Deleting Workload Queues
Workload Plans
Stages of Workload Plans
Importing and Exporting Workload Plans
Schema Space Management
Managing Logical Clusters
Overview
Adding Logical Clusters
Editing Logical Clusters
Deleting Logical Clusters
Restarting Logical Clusters
Scaling Out Logical Clusters
Managing Tags
Overview
Tag Management
Deleting Clusters
Managing Parameter Templates
Managing Clusters That Fail to Be Created
Read-only Status
Cluster HA
Snapshots
Overview
Manual Snapshots
Manually Creating a Snapshot
Deleting Manual Snapshots
Automated Snapshots
Automated Snapshot Overview
Configuring an Automated Snapshot Policy
Copying Automated Snapshots
Deleting an Automated Snapshot
Viewing Snapshot Information
Restoration Using a Snapshot
Restoring a Snapshot to a New Cluster
Cluster DR
DR Overview
Creating a DR Task
Viewing DR Information
DR Management
Mutually Exclusive DR Cases
Associating and Disassociating ELB
CNs
Monitoring and Alarms
Monitoring Clusters Using Cloud Eye
Databases Monitoring
Database Monitoring Overview
Monitoring Metrics
Cluster Overview
Monitoring
Node Monitoring
Performance Monitoring
Database Monitoring
Session Monitoring
Query Monitoring
Instance Monitoring
Load Monitoring
Utilities
SQL Diagnosis
Settings
Typical Scenarios
SQL Diagnosis
Top Time-Consuming SQL Statements Viewing
Event Notifications
Event Notifications Overview
Subscribing to Event Notifications
Viewing Events
Alarms
Alarm Management
Alarm Rules
Alarm Subscriptions
Cluster Security Management
Configuring Separation of Permissions
Encrypting Databases
Overview
Rotating Encryption Keys
Permissions
Syntax of Fine-Grained Permissions Policies
RBAC Syntax of RBAC Policies
Fine-Grained Permissions Policies
Protection for Mission-Critical Operations
Audit Logs
Overview
Viewing Audit Logs of Key Operations on the Management Console
Configuring the Database Audit Logs
Dumping the Database Audit Logs
FAQs
General Problems
Why Are Data Warehouses Necessary?
What Are the Differences Between a Data Warehouse and the Hadoop Big Data Platform?
Why Should I Use GaussDB(DWS)?
When Should I Use GaussDB(DWS) and MRS?
What Are the Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and Hive in Functions?
What Is the User Quota?
What Are the Differences Between Users and Roles?
How Do I Check the Creation Time of a Database User?
Regions and AZs
Is My Data Secure in GaussDB(DWS)?
How Is GaussDB(DWS) Secured?
Can I Modify the Security Group of a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster?
What Is a Database/Data Warehouse/Data Lake/Lakehouse?
Cluster Management
What Do I Do If Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Failed?
How Can I Clear and Reclaim the Storage Space?
Why Did the Used Storage Shrink After Scale-out?
How Do I View Node Metrics (CPU, Memory, and Disk Usage)?
Does GaussDB(DWS) Support a Single Node for a Learning Environment?
How Is the Disk Space or Capacity of GaussDB(DWS) Calculated?
What Are the gaussdb and postgres Databases of GaussDB(DWS)?
How Do I Set the Maximum Number of Sessions When Adding an Alarm Rule on Cloud Eye?
When Should I Add CNs or Scale out a cluster?
What Are the Differences Between Hot Data Storage and Cold Data Storage?
Database Connections
How Applications Communicate with GaussDB(DWS)?
Does GaussDB(DWS) Support Third-Party Clients and JDBC and ODBC Drivers?
Can I Connect to GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Nodes Using SSH?
What Should I Do If I Cannot Connect to a Data Warehouse Cluster?
Why Was I Not Notified of Failure Unbinding the EIP When GaussDB(DWS) Is Connected Over the Internet?
How Do I Configure a Whitelist to Protect Clusters Available Through a Public IP Address?
Data Import and Export
What Are the Differences Between Data Formats Supported by OBS and GDS Foreign Tables?
How Do I Import Incremental Data Using an OBS Foreign Table?
How Can I Import Data to GaussDB(DWS)?
How Much Service Data Can a Data Warehouse Store?
How Do I Use \Copy to Import and Export Data?
Can I Export GaussDB(DWS) Data from/to OBS Across Regions?
How Do I Import GaussDB(DWS)/Oracle/MySQL/SQL Server Data to GaussDB(DWS) (Whole Database Migration)?
Can I Import Data over the Public/External Network Using GDS?
Which Are the Factors That Affect GaussDB(DWS) Import Performance?
Account, Password, and Permissions
How Does GaussDB(DWS) Implement Workload Isolation?
How Do I Change the Password of a Database Account When the Password Expires?
How Do I Grant Table Permissions to a User?
How Do I Grant Schema Permissions to a User?
How Do I Create a Database Read-only User?
How Do I Create Private Database Users and Tables?
How Do I Revoke the CONNECT ON DATABASE Permission from a User?
How Do I View the Table Permissions of a User?
Who Is User Ruby?
Database Usage
How Do I Change Distribution Columns?
How Do I View and Set the Database Character Encoding?
What Do I Do If Date Type Is Automatically Converted to the Timestamp Type During Table Creation?
Do I Need to Run VACUUM FULL and ANALYZE on Common Tables Periodically?
Do I Need to Set a Distribution Key After Setting a Primary Key?
Is GaussDB(DWS) Compatible with PostgreSQL Stored Procedures?
What Are Partitioned Tables, Partitions, and Partition Keys?
How Can I Export the Table Structure?
How Can I Export All Tables and Views from a Database?
How Can I Delete Table Data Efficiently?
How Do I View Foreign Table Information?
If No Distribution Column Is Specified, How Will Data Be Stored?
How Do I Replace the Null Result with 0?
How Do I Check Whether a Table Is Row-Stored or Column-Stored?
How Do I Query the Information About GaussDB(DWS) Column-Store Tables?
Why Sometimes the GaussDB(DWS) Query Indexes Become Invalid?
How Do I Use a User-Defined Function to Rewrite the CRC32() Function?
What Are the Schemas Starting with pg_toast_temp* or pg_temp*?
Solutions to Inconsistent GaussDB(DWS) Query Results
Which System Catalogs That the VACUUM FULL Operation Cannot Be Performed on?
In Which Scenarios Would a Statement Be "idle in transaction"?
Database Performance
Why Is SQL Execution Slow After Long GaussDB(DWS) Usage?
Why Does GaussDB(DWS) Perform Worse Than a Single-Server Database in Extreme Scenarios?
How Can I View SQL Execution Records in a Certain Period When Read and Write Requests Are Blocked?
What Do I Do If My Cluster Is Unavailable Because of Insufficient Space?
Snapshot Backup and Restoration
Why Is Creating an Automated Snapshot So Slow?
Where Can a Snapshot Be Restored To?
Does a DWS Snapshot Have the Same Function as an EVS Snapshot?
Change History
API Reference (Kuala Lumpur Region)
Before You Start
Overview
API Calling
Endpoints
Basic Concepts
API Overview
Calling APIs
Making an API Request
Authentication
Response
Getting Started
API Description
Cluster Management APIs
Creating a Cluster
Querying the Cluster List
Querying Cluster Details
Querying the Supported Node Types
Deleting a Cluster
Restarting a Cluster
Scaling Out Clusters
Resetting a Password
Snapshot Management APIs
Creating a Snapshot
Querying the Snapshot List
Querying Snapshot Details
Deleting a Manual Snapshot
Restoring a Cluster
Permissions Policies and Supported Actions
Appendix
Status Code
Error Code
Creating a VPC
Obtaining a Project ID
Obtaining an Account ID
Obtaining the Cluster ID
Change History
Developer Guide (Kuala Lumpur Region)
Welcome
Target Readers
Reading Guide
Conventions
Prerequisites
System Overview
Highly Reliable Transaction Processing
High Query Performance
Related Concepts
Data Migration
Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)
Data Import
Importing Data from OBS in Parallel
About Parallel Data Import from OBS
Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS
Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)
Uploading Data to OBS
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS
Preparing Data on OBS
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables
Deleting Resources
Supported Data Types
Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS
Preparing Source Data
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster
Overview
Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster
Manually Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Importing Data
Deleting Resources
Error Handling
Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another
Using the gsql Meta-Command \COPY to Import Data
Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN
Introduction to the CopyManager Class
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
Full Database Migration
Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)
Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts
Metadata Migration
Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata
Overview
Exporting a Single Database
Exporting a Database
Exporting a Schema
Exporting a Table
Exporting All Databases
Exporting All Databases
Exporting Global Objects
Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions
Using gs_restore to Import Data
Data Export
Exporting Data to OBS
Parallel OBS Data Export
Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Examples
Exporting ORC Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Exporting ORC Data to MRS
Overview
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server
Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS
Planning Data Export
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Stopping GDS
Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS
Other Operations
GDS Pipe FAQs
Checking for Data Skew
Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL
Database Security Management
Managing Users and Their Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
System Administrator
Separation of Permissions
Users
Roles
Schema
User Permission Setting
Row-Level Access Control
Data Redaction
Setting Security Policies
Setting Account Security Policies
Setting the Validity Period of an Account
Setting a User Password
Querying Audit Results
Development and Design Proposal
Development and Design Proposal
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
PL/Java Usage
PL/pgSQL Usage
Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development
Development Specifications
Downloading Drivers
JDBC-Based Development
JDBC Package and Driver Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing the Connection
Example: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
ODBC-Based Development
ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
ODBC Development Example
ODBC Interfaces
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
PostGIS Extension
PostGIS
Using PostGIS
PostGIS Support and Constraints
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)
Resource Load Management
Overview
Query Band Load Identification
Schema Space Control
Memory Management
Overview
Job-Level Memory Control
Basic Framework for Resource Load Management
Resource Pools
Associated Jobs
Priority-based Scheduling
CPU
I/O
Storage Space Management
Resource Monitoring
User Resource Query
Monitoring Memory Resources
Instance Resource Monitoring
Real-time TopSQL
Historical TopSQL
TopSQL Query Example
Query Performance Optimization
Overview of Query Performance Optimization
Query Analysis
Query Execution Process
Overview of the SQL Execution Plan
Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan
Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most
Checking Blocked Statements
Query Improvement
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Selecting a Storage Model
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting a Distribution Column
Using Partial Clustering
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Configuration Parameter Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Plan Hint Cases
Routinely Maintaining Tables
Routinely Recreating an Index
Configuring the SMP
Application Scenarios and Restrictions
Resource Impact on SMP Performance
Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance
Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings
SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance
Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key
Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key
Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table
Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column
Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1)
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2)
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys
SQL Execution Troubleshooting
Low Query Efficiency
DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed
Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users
An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion
Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors
Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design
User-Defined Functions
PL/Java Functions
PL/pgSQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays and Records
Arrays
record
Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Block
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statement
Assignment Statement
Call Statement
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
DBMS_LOB
DBMS_RANDOM
DBMS_OUTPUT
UTL_RAW
DBMS_JOB
DBMS_SQL
Debugging
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_OBSSCANINFO
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SQL Syntax Reference (Kuala Lumpur Region)
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GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq
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Data Studio - Integrated Database Development Tool
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GaussDB(DWS) Tables
Table Management Overview
Creating Regular Table
Overview
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SQL Terminal
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GDS: Parallel Data Loader
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
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Example of Importing Data Using GDS
gds
gds_ctl.py
Handling Import Errors
DSC: SQL Syntax Migration Tool
Overview
Supported Keywords and Features
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Date and Time Functions
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BTEQ Utility Command
DSQL
Oracle Syntax Migration
Overview
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