Updated on 2022-07-29 GMT+08:00

Mathematical Functions and Operators

Numeric operators

  • +

    Description: Addition

    For example:

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    SELECT 2+3 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
          5
    (1 row)
    
  • -

    Description: Subtraction

    For example:

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    SELECT 2-3 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
         -1
    (1 row)
    
  • *

    Description: multiply

    For example:

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    SELECT 2*3 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
          6
    (1 row)
    
  • /

    Description: Division (The result is not rounded.)

    For example:

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    SELECT 4/2 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
          2
    (1 row)
    
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    SELECT 4/3 AS RESULT;
          result      
    ------------------
     1.33333333333333
    (1 row)
    
  • +/-

    Description: Positive/negative

    For example:

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    SELECT -2 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
         -2
    (1 row)
    
  • %

    Description: Model (to obtain the remainder)

    For example:

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    SELECT 5%4 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
          1
    (1 row)
    
  • @

    Description: Absolute value

    For example:

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    SELECT @ -5.0 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
        5.0
    (1 row)
    
  • ^

    Description: Power (exponent calculation)

    In MySQL-compatible mode, this operator means exclusive or. For details, see operator # in Bit String Functions and Operators.

    For example:

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    SELECT 2.0^3.0 AS RESULT;
           result       
    --------------------
     8.0000000000000000
    (1 row)
    
  • |/

    Description: Square root

    For example:

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    SELECT |/ 25.0 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
          5
    (1 row)
    
  • ||/

    Description: Cubic root

    For example:

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    SELECT ||/ 27.0 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
          3
    (1 row)
    
  • !

    Description: Factorial

    For example:

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    SELECT 5! AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
        120
    (1 row)
    
  • !!

    Description: Factorial (prefix operator)

    For example:

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    SELECT !!5 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
        120
    (1 row)
    
  • &

    Description: Binary AND

    For example:

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    SELECT 91&15  AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
         11
    (1 row)
    
  • |

    Description: Binary OR

    For example:

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    SELECT 32|3  AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
         35
    (1 row)
    
  • #

    Description: Binary XOR

    For example:

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    SELECT 17#5  AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
         20
    (1 row)
    
  • ~

    Description: Binary NOT

    For example:

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    SELECT ~1 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
         -2
    (1 row)
    
  • <<

    Description: Binary shift left

    For example:

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    SELECT 1<<4 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
         16
    (1 row)
    
  • >>

    Description: Binary shift right

    For example:

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    SELECT 8>>2 AS RESULT;
     result 
    --------
          2
    (1 row)
    

Numeric operation functions

  • abs(x)

    Description: Absolute value

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT abs(-17.4);
     abs
    ------
     17.4
    (1 row)
    
  • acos(x)

    Description: Arc cosine

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT acos(-1);
           acos       
    ------------------
     3.14159265358979
    (1 row)
    
  • asin(x)

    Description: Arc sine

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT asin(0.5);
           asin       
    ------------------
     .523598775598299
    (1 row)
    
  • atan(x)

    Description: Arc tangent

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT atan(1);
           atan       
    ------------------
     .785398163397448
    (1 row)
    
  • atan2(y, x)

    Description: Arc tangent of y/x

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT atan2(2, 1);
          atan2
    ------------------
     1.10714871779409
    (1 row)
    
  • bitand(integer, integer)

    Description: Performs AND (&) operation on two integers.

    Return type: bigint

    For example:

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    SELECT bitand(127, 63);
     bitand 
    --------
         63
    (1 row)
    
  • cbrt(dp)

    Description: Cubic root

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT cbrt(27.0);
     cbrt
    ------
        3
    (1 row)
    
  • ceil(x)

    Description: Minimum integer greater than or equal to the parameter

    Return type: integer

    For example:

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    SELECT ceil(-42.8);
     ceil 
    ------
      -42
    (1 row)
    
  • ceiling(dp or numeric)

    Description: Minimum integer (alias of ceil) greater than or equal to the parameter

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT ceiling(-95.3);
     ceiling
    ---------
         -95
    (1 row)
    
  • cos(x)

    Description: Cosine

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT cos(-3.1415927);
            cos        
    -------------------
     -.999999999999999
    (1 row)
    
  • cot(x)

    Description: Cotangent

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT cot(1);
           cot
    ------------------
     .642092615934331
    (1 row)
    
  • degrees(dp)

    Description: Converts radians to angles.

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT degrees(0.5);
         degrees
    ------------------
     28.6478897565412
    (1 row)
    
  • div(y numeric, x numeric)

    Description: Integer part of y/x

    Return type: numeric

    For example:

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    SELECT div(9,4);
     div
    -----
       2
    (1 row)
    
  • exp(x)

    Description: Natural exponent

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT exp(1.0);
            exp         
    --------------------
     2.7182818284590452
    (1 row)
    
  • floor(x)

    Description: Not larger than the maximum integer of the parameter

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT floor(-42.8);
     floor 
    -------
       -43
    (1 row)
    
  • radians(dp)

    Description: Converts angles to radians.

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT radians(45.0);
         radians
    ------------------
     .785398163397448
    (1 row)
    
  • random()

    Description: Random number between 0.0 and 1.0

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT random();
          random
    ------------------
     .824823560658842
    (1 row)
    
  • ln(x)

    Description: Natural logarithm

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT ln(2.0);
            ln         
    -------------------
     .6931471805599453
    (1 row)
    
  • log(x)

    Description: Logarithm with 10 as the base

    • In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, this operator means the logarithm with 10 as the base.
    • In the MySQL-compatible mode, this operator means the natural logarithm.

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    -- ORA-compatible mode
    SELECT log(100.0);
            log         
    --------------------
     2.0000000000000000
    (1 row)
    -- TD-compatible mode
    SELECT log(100.0);
            log
    --------------------
     2.0000000000000000
    (1 row)
    -- MySQL-compatible mode
    SELECT log(100.0);
            log
    --------------------
     4.6051701859880914
    (1 row)
    
  • log(b numeric, x numeric)

    Description: Logarithm with b as the base

    Return type: numeric

    For example:

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    SELECT log(2.0, 64.0);
            log         
    --------------------
     6.0000000000000000
    (1 row)
    
  • mod(x,y)

    Description:

    Remainder of x/y (model)

    If x equals to 0, y is returned.

    Return type: same as the parameter type

    For example:

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    SELECT mod(9,4);
     mod 
    -----
       1
    (1 row)
    
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    SELECT mod(9,0);
     mod 
    -----
       9
    (1 row)
    
  • pi()

    Description: π constant value

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT pi();
            pi
    ------------------
     3.14159265358979
    (1 row)
    
  • power(a double precision, b double precision)

    Description: b power of a

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT power(9.0, 3.0);
            power         
    ----------------------
     729.0000000000000000
    (1 row)
    
  • round(x)

    Description: Integer closest to the input parameter

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT round(42.4);
     round 
    -------
        42
    (1 row)
    
    SELECT round(42.6);
     round 
    -------
        43
    (1 row)
    

    When the round function is invoked, the numeric type is rounded to zero. While on most computers, the real number and the double-precision number are rounded to the nearest even number.

  • round(v numeric, s int)

    Description: s digits are kept after the decimal point.

    Return type: numeric

    For example:

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    SELECT round(42.4382, 2);
     round
    -------
     42.44
    (1 row)
    
  • setseed(dp)

    Description: Sets seed for the following random() invoking (between -1.0 and 1.0, inclusive).

    Return type: void

    For example:

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    SELECT setseed(0.54823);
     setseed
    ---------
    
    (1 row)
    
  • sign(x)

    Description: returns symbols of this parameter.

    The return value type:-1 indicates negative. 0 indicates 0, and 1 indicates a positive number.

    For example:

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    SELECT sign(-8.4);
     sign 
    ------
       -1
    (1 row)
    
  • sin(x)

    Description: Sine

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT sin(1.57079);
           sin        
    ------------------
     .999999999979986
    (1 row)
    
  • sqrt(x)

    Description: Square root

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT sqrt(2.0);
           sqrt        
    -------------------
     1.414213562373095
    (1 row)
    
  • tan(x)

    Description: Tangent

    Return type: double precision

    For example:

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    SELECT tan(20);
           tan        
    ------------------
     2.23716094422474
    (1 row)
    
  • trunc(x)

    Description: truncates (the integral part).

    Return type: same as the input

    For example:

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    SELECT trunc(42.8);
     trunc 
    -------
        42
    (1 row)
    
  • trunc(v numeric, s int)

    Description: Truncates a number with s digits after the decimal point.

    Return type: numeric

    For example:

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    SELECT trunc(42.4382, 2);
     trunc
    -------
     42.43
    (1 row)
    
  • width_bucket(op numeric, b1 numeric, b2 numeric, count int)

    Description: Returns a bucket to which the operand will be assigned in an equidepth histogram with count buckets, ranging from b1 to b2.

    Return type: int

    For example:

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    SELECT width_bucket(5.35, 0.024, 10.06, 5);
     width_bucket
    --------------
                3
    (1 row)
    
  • width_bucket(op dp, b1 dp, b2 dp, count int)

    Description: Returns a bucket to which the operand will be assigned in an equidepth histogram with count buckets, ranging from b1 to b2.

    Return type: int

    For example:

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    SELECT width_bucket(5.35, 0.024, 10.06, 5);
     width_bucket
    --------------
                3
    (1 row)