GaussDB
GaussDB
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What's New
Product Bulletin
Vulnerability Fixing Policies
Version Support Bulletin
GaussDB Version Policies
Kernel Release History
V2.0-8.x Versions
V2.0-3.x Versions
V2.0-2.x Versions
Service Overview
GaussDB Infographic
What Is GaussDB?
Scenarios
Basic Concepts
Advantages
Functions
DB Instance Description
DB Instance Types
Instance Storage Types
DB Engine Versions
Instance Statuses
Instance Specifications
Edition Types
Security
Identity Authentication and Access Control
Service Access Control
Data Protection
Audit and Logs
Risk Monitoring
Fault Recovery
Certificates
Permission Management
Notes and Constraints
Related Services
Compatibility
Billing
Billing Overview
Billing Items
Billing Modes
Overview
Yearly/Monthly Billing
Pay-per-Use Billing
Billing Examples
Billing Mode Changes
Overview
Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
Yearly/Monthly to Pay-per-Use
Subscription Renewal
Overview
Manually Renewing a GaussDB Instance
Auto-renewing a GaussDB Instance
Bills
Arrears
Billing Termination
Cost Management
Getting Started
Buying a GaussDB Instance and Connecting to It Through the DAS Console(Recommended)
Buying a GaussDB Instance and Connecting to It Using gsql
GaussDB Common Practices
User Guide
Suggestions on Instance Selection
Using IAM to Grant Access to GaussDB
Using IAM Roles or Policies to Grant Access to GaussDB
Using IAM Identity Policies to Grant Access to GaussDB
Buying a GaussDB Instance
GaussDB Instance Connection
Connecting to a GaussDB Instance
Connecting to an Instance Through DAS
Using gsql to Connect to an Instance
Using Navicat to Connect to an Instance
Using DBeaver to Connect to an Instance
Database Migration
Overview of GaussDB Migration Solutions
Using DRS to Migrate Data from Oracle Database to GaussDB
Using DRS to Migrate Data from MySQL Database to GaussDB
Migrating Data to GaussDB Using the Export and Import Functions of DAS
Using the copy to/from Command to Export and Import Data
Using CopyManager in JDBC to Export and Import Data
Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Data
Using gs_restore to Import Data
Using gs_loader to Import Data
Database Use
Overview of Using a Database
Creating a GaussDB Database
Creating a GaussDB Database User
Authentication Configurations
Adding a Client Authentication Configuration
Deleting a Client Authentication Configuration
Modifying a Client Authentication Configuration
Viewing the Modification History of Client Authentication Configurations
Restoring Client Authentication Configurations
Instance Management
Viewing GaussDB Instance Overview Data
Viewing the GaussDB Instance List
Viewing GaussDB Instance Details
Configuring Security Group Rules for a GaussDB Instance
Binding and Unbinding an EIP for a GaussDB Instance
Binding or Unbinding a NAT Gateway Address for GaussDB
Modifying the Recycle Bin Policy for a GaussDB Instance
Exporting Information About All GaussDB Instances
Unsubscribing a Yearly/Monthly GaussDB Instance
Stopping a GaussDB Instance
Starting a GaussDB Instance
Rebooting a GaussDB Instance
Deleting a Pay-per-Use GaussDB Instance
Rebuilding a GaussDB Instance
Stopping a GaussDB Node
Starting a GaussDB Node
Rebooting a GaussDB Node
Instance Modifications
Changing the Name of a GaussDB Instance
Changing the Database Port of a GaussDB Instance
Changing the M Compatibility Port
Changing the CPU and Memory Specifications of a GaussDB Instance
Changing the Security Group of a GaussDB Instance
Configuring Read Replicas
Synchronizing Data to a Single-Replica Instance
Viewing and Modifying Advanced Features
Migrating Hash Bucket Tables
Scaling In and Out an Instance
Overview of Scaling In and Out an Instance
Adding Coordinator Nodes for an Instance (Distributed)
Adding Shards for an Instance (Distributed)
Deleting Coordinator Nodes for an Instance (Distributed)
Deleting Shards for an Instance (Distributed)
Scaling Up Storage Space
Overview of Scaling Up Storage Space
Manually Scaling Up Storage Space for an Instance
Manually Scaling Up Storage Space of Specified Shards
Configuring Storage Autoscaling for an Instance
Changing the Deployment Model
Overview of Changing the Deployment Model
Changing the Deployment Model of a Single-Replica Instance (Centralized)
Changing Standby DNs to Log Nodes (for a Distributed Instance)
Performing a Primary/Standby DN Switchover
Overview of Performing a Primary/Standby DN Switchover
Changing the DN Failover Priority
Performing a Primary/Standby DN Switchover
Updating the OS of a GaussDB Instance
Instance Upgrade
Overview
Hot Patch Update
In-place Upgrade
Gray Upgrade
Add-on Management
Installing the Add-on
Enabling or Disabling Extensions
Viewing Extensions
Data Backup
Overview
Backup Execution
Configuring an Automated Backup Policy for GaussDB Instances
Configuring an Automated Backup Policy for GaussDB Tables
Setting a Cross-Region GaussDB Backup Policy
Creating a Manual Backup for GaussDB Instances
Creating a Manual Backup for GaussDB Tables
Backup Management
Downloading a GaussDB Backup
Exporting Backup Information About GaussDB Instances
Stopping a Backup for a GaussDB Instance
Deleting a Manual Backup of a GaussDB Instance
Data Restoration
GaussDB Restoration Methods for Data Misoperations
Restoring a Backup File to a GaussDB Instance
Restoring a GaussDB Database or Table Using a Backup File
Restoring a GaussDB Instance to a Specific Point in Time
Restoring a GaussDB Database or Table to a Specific Point in Time
Account and Network Security
Resetting the Administrator Password of a GaussDB Instance
Enabling Transparent Data Encryption for a GaussDB Instance
Parameter Management
Configurable DB Instance Parameters
Modifying GaussDB Instance Parameters
Viewing Parameter Change History of a GaussDB Instance
Exporting Parameters of a GaussDB Instance
Creating a Custom Parameter Template for GaussDB Instances
Managing Parameter Templates for GaussDB Instances
Monitoring and Alarming
Supported Metrics of GaussDB
Querying GaussDB Monitoring Metrics
Checking GaussDB Monitoring Dashboards
Creating Alarm Rules for a GaussDB Instance
Event Monitoring
Supported Events of GaussDB
Checking GaussDB Event Monitoring Data
Creating an Alarm Rule to Monitor a GaussDB Event
Logs and Auditing
Downloading Error Logs and Slow Query Logs of a GaussDB Instance
Downloading Switchover/Failover Logs of a GaussDB Instance
Viewing GaussDB Operation Logs on CTS
Interconnecting with LTS and Querying Database Audit Logs
Quota Adjustment
Adjusting Cloud Service Resource Quotas of GaussDB
Adjusting GaussDB Resource Quotas of an Enterprise Project
Diagnostics and Optimization
Viewing Slow SQL Statements
Viewing Top SQL Statements
Viewing Full SQL Statistics Using SQL Explorer
Performing Full-Link Analysis for a SQL Record
Configuring SQL Throttling Rules
Data Storage Insights
Performance Reports
Generating aWorkload Diagnosis Report
Generating anActive Session Profile
Session Management
Managing Real-Time Sessions
Viewing Session Statistics
Disaster Recovery Management
Constraints
Creating a DR Relationship
Checking DR Task Statuses
Promoting the DR Instance to Primary
Stopping a DR Task
Deleting a DR Task
Re-creating a DR Task After the Primary Instance Is Faulty
Switching Roles of Primary and DR Instances
Re-establishing a DR Relationship
Performing a Streaming DR Drill
Enabling or Disabling Log Cache for the Primary Instance
Restrictions on the DR Instance
Managing GaussDB Tasks
Managing GaussDB Tags
Developer Guide
Developer Guide(Distributed_V2.0-8.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Managing Databases
Managing Tablespaces
Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data into Tables
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Managing Schemas
Managing Partitioned Tables
Managing Indexes
Managing Views
Managing Sequences
Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Design Specifications
General Specifications
Deployment Specifications
Database Object Naming Specifications
Database and Schema Design
Permission Design Specifications
Character Set Design Specifications
Table Design Specifications
Column Design Specifications
Index Design Specifications
Function/Stored Procedure Design Specifications
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Database Programming Specifications
GUC Parameter Programming Specifications
Object Access Programming Specifications
WHERE
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Join Query
Subquery
Transaction
SQL Compilation
Client Programming Specifications
JDBC
Connection Control Specifications
Application Development Guide
GaussDB Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Development Based on JDBC
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining the Driver JAR Package and Configuring the JDK Environment
Connecting to a Database
Connection Methods
Connection Parameter Reference
Connection in Non-encrypted Mode
Connecting to a Database in SSL Mode
Connecting to a Database in UDS Mode
Connecting to a Database in SM-based TLS Mode
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing the Database Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Configuring Connection Parameters in Different Scenarios
Creating and Calling a Stored Procedure
Obtaining the Return Value of a Function
Batch Query
Using the Streaming Read Function
SQL Retry at an Application Layer
Logical Replication
Monitoring Database Connections
Using the Array Type
Using the Struct Type
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
Development Based on ODBC
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining the Source Code Package, ODBC Packages, and Dependency Libraries
Connecting to a Database
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
APIs for Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing the Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
Obtaining and Processing Data in a Database
Batch Binding
High-Performance Binding Type
Enabling a Connection Pool
ODBC API Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining the Driver Package, Dependency Libraries, and Header Files
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing the Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Establishing a Database Connection, Executing SQL Statements, and Returning Results
Executing Prepared Statements
Binding Parameters and Returning a Binary Result
libpq API Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQbackendPID
PQconninfoParse
PQconnectStart
PQerrorMessage
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQexec
PQprepare
PQclear
PQfnumberEx
PQexecParams
PQexecParamsBatch
PQexecPrepared
PQexecPreparedBatch
Asynchronous Command Processing Functions
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Query Processing
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Functions for Processing Database Result
PQgetvalue
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQfname
PQresultStatus
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Psycopg Package
Examples: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
cursor.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ECPG Components
ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Running SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Transaction
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONNECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing Statements Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
SQLDA
Examples
ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Types
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
Compatibility Reference
Appendix
JDBC
Data Type Mapping
Log Management
FAQ
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Error Is Reported When Verification Is Enabled for Data Insertion in the Hibernate Framework
Error Is Reported or Connection Is Blocked in SSL Mode
libpq
Connection Parameters
Parameters Related to Log Output
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Execution Plan Details
Execution Plans
Distributed Plan
Execution Information
Operators
Keyword Overview
Table Access Modes
Seq Scan
Index Scan
Index-only Scan
Bitmap
TID Scan
CTE Scan
Function Scan
Sample Scan
Subquery Scan
VALUES Scan
Worktable Scan
Table Join Modes
Nested-Loop Join
Hash Join
Merge Join
Operators
Sort
Limit
Append
Agg
Group
MergeAppend
SetOp
RecursiveUnion
Unique
LockRows
Materialize
Result
WindowAgg
StartWith Operator
Rownum
Unpivot
Distributed Operators
Data Node Scan
Streaming
Remote Query
Partition Pruning
Partition Iterator
Other Keywords
Initplan and Subplan
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Reviewing the Plan Change Scenario
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Long-running Query and Transaction Optimization
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Adjusting Key Parameters for SQL Optimization
Hint-based Optimization
Plan Hint Optimization
Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Parameterized Path Hint
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Plan Hint Cases
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Query Rewriting Hints
Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Partition-wise Scan Optimization
Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning
Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter costbased_rewrite_rule for Cost-based Query Rewriting
Case: Using Global Secondary Indexes to Accelerate Query
SQL Reference
GaussDB SQL
Keywords
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL Type
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
XML Types
XMLType
ACLItem Type
Array Types
Vector Data Types
Data Types Supported by the Vectorized Executor
Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
Database-level Character Sets and Collations
Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
Table-level Character Sets and Collations
Column-level Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Extension Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
String Operators
Other Binary String Functions
Bit String Functions and Operators
Bit String Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic Functions
Time and Date Functions and Operators
Time and Date Operators
Time and Date Functions
TIMESTAMPDIFF
EXTRACT
date_part
Type Conversion Functions
Function Type Conversion
Encoding Type Conversion
Geometric Functions and Operators
Geometric Operators
Geometric Functions
Geometric Type Conversion Functions
Network Address Functions and Operators
cidr and inet Operators
cidr and inet Functions
macaddr Functions
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
Functions Supported by JSON/JSONB
HLL Functions and Operators
Hash Functions
Log Functions
Functional Functions
Aggregate Functions
Deprecated Functions
Built-in Functions
Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Array Operators
Array Functions
Range Functions and Operators
Range Operators
Range Functions
Aggregate Functions
Aggregate Functions
Aggregate Function Nesting
Window Functions
Security Functions
Ledger Database Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Series Generating Functions
Index Generating Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
Session Information Functions
Access Permission Query Functions
Schema Visibility Query Functions
System Catalog Information Functions
Comment Information Functions
XIDs and Snapshots
System Administration Functions
Configuration Setting Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Backup Control Functions
Restoration Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Database Object Size Functions
Database Object Position Functions
Recycle Bin Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Bucket System Functions
Undo System Functions
HTAP System Functions
VACUUM System Functions
Other Functions
SPM Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Functions for Collecting Statistics in Partitioned Tables
Trigger Functions
Hash Functions
Prompt Message Function
Fault Injection System Function
Redistribution Functions
Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
Other System Functions
PG-compatible Functions and Operators
Internal Functions
Internal Functions
AI Feature Functions
Sensitive Data Discovery Function
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
Hotkey Feature Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Pivot Table Functions
Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
UUID Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Functions
Multi-Tenant Database Functions
Global Temporary Table Functions
Deprecated Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Time Interval Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
Other Syntax List
Online DDL and Related Operations
A
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER COORDINATOR
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER NODE
ALTER NODE GROUP
ALTER PACKAGE
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
B
BEGIN
C
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE NODE
CREATE NODE GROUP
CREATE PACKAGE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SECURITY LABEL
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SLICEGROUP
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLE PARTITION AS
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
D
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP EXTENSION
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP NODE
DROP NODE GROUP
DROP OWNED
DROP PACKAGE
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SECURITY LABEL
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SLICEGROUP
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
E
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
F
FETCH
G
GRANT
I
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP RECOVER
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
INSERT
INSERT ALL
L
LOAD DATA
LOCK
LOCK BUCKETS
M
MARK BUCKETS
MERGE INTO
MOVE
P
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
R
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RENAME TABLE
REPLACE
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
S
SAVEPOINT
SECURITY LABEL ON
SELECT
Simple Queries
Conditional Queries
Group Queries
Pagination Queries
Partition Queries
Join Queries
Subqueries
Hierarchical Queries
Compound Queries
Rows to Columns and Columns to Rows
Window Function Queries
Simplified Queries
Queries Using Hints
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
START TRANSACTION
T
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
U
UPDATE
V
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Row Expression Function Whitelist
Best Practices
Best Practices for SQL Queries
Best Practices for Permission Configuration
Best Practices for Data Skew Query
Quickly Locating Tables That Cause Data Skew
Best Practices for VACUUM
VACUUM Parameters
FAQ
Possible Causes of Data Table Bloat
oldestxmin Is Stuck Due to Long Transactions
AUTOVACUUM Cleanup Efficiency Is Low
FSM Is Damaged
How Do I Estimate the Current Table or Database Space Bloat Ratio?
How Do I Evaluate Whether the Current Table or Database Requires VACUUM?
How Do I Estimate the VACUUM Cleanup Rate or How Long It Will Take?
How Do I Locate Inaccurate Statistics Such as Number of Dead Rows in the Database?
Best Practices for Import and Export Using COPY
Typical Scenarios
Using the Recommended CSV Format
Importing and Exporting Data with Maximized Performance
Exporting Files for Manual Parsing
Importing and Exporting Data When Only the TEXT Format Is Available
Importing and Exporting Data Files on a GSQL Client
Importing and Exporting Data Through the JDBC Driver
Importing Erroneous Data Through Error Tolerance
Guide to Exporting Erroneous Data
Guide to Importing Erroneous Data
Best Practices for Import and Export Using Tools
Instance-level Import and Export
Database-level Import and Export
Schema-level Import and Export
Table-level Import and Export
Best Practices for FASTPATH Parameter Tuning
Object Quantity Estimation
Log Statistics
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Overview
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays, Collections, and Records
Arrays
Use of Array Types
Functions Supported by Arrays
Collections
Use of Collection Types
Collection Functions
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprogram
Standalone Subprogram
Package Subprograms
Nested Subprocedures
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic APIs
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_DESCRIBE
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_COMPRESSION
DBE_FILE
DBE_HEAT_MAP
DBE_ILM
DBE_ILM_ADMIN
DBE_LOB
DBE_MATCH
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_RAW
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_SESSION
DBE_SQL
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
DBE_DESCRIBE
PRVT_ILM
DBE_XMLGEN
Retry Management
PACKAGE
Debugging
Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Package Supporting Autonomous Transaction
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
Partitioned Table
PG_PARTITION
Workload Management
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ILM
GS_ILM_JOBDETAIL
GS_ILM_OBJECT
GS_ILM_PARAM
GS_ILM_POLICY
GS_ILM_TASK
GS_ILM_TASKDETAIL
GS_ILM_TICKER
Encrypted Equality Query
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
Communications
PGXC_NODE
Ledger Database
GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL
GS_SPM_PARAM
GS_SPM_BASELINE
GS_SPM_EVOLUTION
GS_SPM_ID_HASH_JOIN
AI
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_ABO_MODEL_STATISTIC
Auditing
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
User and Permission Management
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
Connection and Authentication
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
DATABASE LINK
GS_DATABASE_LINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
Logical Decoding
GS_LOGICAL_ATTRDEF
GS_LOGICAL_ATTRIBUTE
GS_LOGICAL_AUTHID
GS_LOGICAL_CLASS
GS_LOGICAL_CONSTRAINT
GS_LOGICAL_DATABASE
GS_LOGICAL_DICTIONARY
GS_LOGICAL_INDEX
GS_LOGICAL_NAMESPACE
GS_LOGICAL_PARTITION
GS_LOGICAL_TYPE
GS_SQLAPPLY_SKIP
GS_TXN_LSN_TIME
GS_LOGICAL_SET
GS_LOGICAL_ENUM
Multi-Tenant Databases
GS_PDB
GS_RESOURCE_PLANS
GS_RESOURCE_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
Other System Catalogs
GS_ASP
PGXC_COPY_ERROR_LOG
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_IMCV
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_PACKAGE
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SECURITY_LABEL
GS_SLICEGROUP
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
GS_TS_DICT_DEFINITION
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SET
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
Partitioned Table
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
Workload Management
GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
GS_WLM_USER_INFO
GLOBAL_WLM_RESPOOL_CONCURRENCY_INFO
GLOBAL_WLM_RESPOOL_CONNECTION_INFO
GLOBAL_WLM_RESPOOL_CPU_INFO
GLOBAL_WLM_RESPOOL_IO_INFO
GLOBAL_WLM_RESPOOL_MEMORY_INFO
PGXC_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESPOOL
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ADM_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMOBJECTS
GS_ADM_ILMPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_ADM_ILMPARAMETERS
GS_ADM_ILMRESULTS
GS_ADM_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_MY_ILMRESULTS
GS_MY_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_MY_ILMOBJECTS
GS_MY_ILMPOLICIES
Communications
COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_LIBCOMM_FD_INFO
GS_LIBCOMM_MEMORY_INFO
GS_STATIC_THREADPOOL_CTRL_STATUS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
Segment-Page Storage
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_DATAFILES
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_EXTENTS
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_DATAFILES
GS_SEG_DATAFILE_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENT_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_SEGMENTS
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL_BASELINE
GS_SPM_SQL_PARAM
GS_SPM_SQL_EVOLUTION
GS_SPM_SYS_BASELINE
Auditing
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
User and Permission Management
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_USERS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_DIRECTORIES
DB_TAB_PRIVS
DB_USERS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_LABELS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
GS_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
GS_ROLES
PG_SECLABELS
GS_SECLABELS
PG_SHADOW
GS_SHADOW
PG_USER
GS_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
PG_TDE_INFO
DATABASE LINK
GS_DB_LINKS
V$DBLINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEWS
Multi-Tenant Databases
GS_RESPLAN_PDB_INFO
GS_RESPLAN_PDB_METRIC
GS_RESPLAN_PDB_METRIC_HISTORY
MTD_USER
GS_DATABASE_DETAILS
VACUUM
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_AUTOVAC_STATUS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
GS_STAT_PROGRESS_VACUUM
Other System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DUAL
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_BUCKET_LOCKS
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_IMCU_SLOT_STATUS
GS_IMCV_STATUS
GS_LOGICALSTANDBY_SKIP
GS_LOGICALSTANDBY_SKIP_TRANSACTION
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_GTT_STATS
PG_GTT_RELSTATS
PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$GLOBAL_OPEN_CURSOR
V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
V$LOCK
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$OPEN_CURSOR
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
GS_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
GS_GLOBAL_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
GS_GLOBAL_DIST_GTT_REMAIN_SESSIONS
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGERS
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
PERF_QUERY
SHAKING_COLLECT_STATUS
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_NG_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session and Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_SQL_MEMORY
SESSION_SQL_MEMORY
Cache and I/O
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Communications Library
COMM_DELAY
GLOBAL_COMM_DELAY
COMM_RECV_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_RECV_STREAM
COMM_SEND_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_SEND_STREAM
COMM_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_STATUS
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Event
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
WAIT_EVENT_INFO
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_CGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_CONTROLGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_CONTROLGROUP_NG_CONFIG
WLM_RESOURCEPOOL_RUNTIME
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_WORKLOAD_HISTORY_INFO
WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
LOCAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
GLOBAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
Global Plan Cache
LOCAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
LOCAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS
GLOBAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS
LOCAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
ai_watchdog_ftask_status
Trace Function
pl_trace_func_start
pl_trace_func_end
pl_trace_info_clean
pl_get_global_trace_info
Deprecated Views
Query
Memory
TRACK_MEMORY_CONTEXT_DETAIL
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
SNAPSHOT.SNAP_QUERY
WDR Snapshot Data Table
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.sqlpatch_query_hash
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
DBE_PLDEVELOPER
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source
Configuring GUC Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication
Communications Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Parallel Data Import and Export
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Node
Standby Node
Logical Replication
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Reporting
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Hotspot Key Statistics
Workload Management
Autovacuum
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Product Version of the Cloud Service
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
Transaction Monitoring
GTM Parameters
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Event
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Black Box Parameters
Security Configuration
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Jobs
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
Undo
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Rollback Parameters
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Creating an Index Online
Online DDL Operations
Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
Session-level Transaction Pushdown and Related Parameters
Enhanced TOAST
Global Temporary Table
Reserved Parameters
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
Basic Concepts
Database Objects
Schemas
Constraints
Sequences
System Columns
Partitioned Tables
Indexes
Materialized Views
Transactions
Locks
PL/SQL
Introduction to PL/SQL
Cursors
Stored Procedures
Functions
Trigger
Packages
Flashback
TOAST Table
Fully-Encrypted Database
Appendix
WDRs
Database Stat
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
ASP Information
FAQs
What is the maximum number of columns in a single GaussDB table?
How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
What is OID?
What is UDF?
What wildcards are supported in GaussDB? How do I use them?
Is there a limit on the length of a database object name?
How do I view the creation time of a table?
How do I create indexes in parallel?
How do I create an auto-increment column?
Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
How do I determine whether a column is null?
How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
How do I query the time difference between two time points?
What are the types of SQL languages?
What is the function of a trigger?
What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
What Are the Differences Between UNIQUE Constraints and Unique Indexes?
How Do I Create a Weak Password in GaussDB?
What is Dirty Read, Phantom Read, and Non-repeatable Read?
What Is MVCC?
Which Date/Time Types Contain the Time Zone and Which Do Not?
What Is the Difference Between count(*) and count(column)?
What Is the Relationship Between an Empty String and NULL?
What Are WALs and Log File Paths?
What Are the Schemas, Users, and Roles in GaussDB?
Does GaussDB Supports Dynamic Memory Management?
What Is the Schema Starting with pg_temp or pg_toast_temp?
What Are the Differences Between Functions and Stored Procedures?
Why Can a User Log In to the Database After the CONNECT ON DATABASE Permission Is Granted to the REVOKE User?
How Do I Improve the Efficiency when the Entire Table Is Associated with UPDATE?
How Do I Ignore Case When Using LIKE for Fuzzy Search?
After the String Processing Function Is Used, the Query Does Not Use the Index. What Should I Do?
Why Cannot the Table Name or Column Name Be Identified During Query?
If No Distribution Key Is Specified, How Will Data Be Stored?
What Is Data Skew and How Do I Check Data Skew?
What Are the Application Scenarios of Replication Tables?
Developer Guide(Centralized_V2.0-8.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Managing Databases
Managing Tablespaces
Managing Tables
Creating Tables
Inserting Data into Tables
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Managing Schemas
Managing Partitioned Tables
Managing Indexes
Managing Views
Managing Sequences
Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Design Specifications
General Specifications
Deployment Specifications
Database Object Naming Specifications
Database and Schema Design
Permission Design Specifications
Character Set Design Specifications
Table Design Specifications
Column Design Specifications
Index Design Specifications
Function/Stored Procedure Design Specifications
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Database Programming Specifications
GUC Parameter Programming Specifications
Object Access Programming Specifications
WHERE
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Join Query
Subquery
Transaction
SQL Compilation
Client Programming Specifications
JDBC
Connection Control Specifications
Application Development Guide
GaussDB Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Development Based on JDBC
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining the Driver JAR Package and Configuring the JDK Environment
Connecting to a Database
Connection Methods
Connection Parameter Reference
Connection in Non-encrypted Mode
Connecting to a Database in SSL Mode
Connecting to a Database in UDS Mode
Connecting to a Database in SM-based TLS Mode
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Configuring Connection Parameters in Different Scenarios
Creating and Calling a Stored Procedure
Obtaining the Return Value of a Function
Batch Query
Using the Streaming Read Function
SQL Retry at an Application Layer
Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Migrating Data from MySQL
Logical Replication
Monitoring Database Connections
Using the Array Type
Using the Struct Type
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
PGobject
Development Based on ODBC
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining the Source Code Package, ODBC Packages, and Dependency Libraries
Connecting to a Database
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
APIs for Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing the Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
Obtaining and Processing Data in a Database
Batch Binding
High-Performance Binding Type
Enabling a Connection Pool
ODBC API Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining the Driver Package, Dependency Libraries, and Header Files
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing the Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Establishing a Database Connection, Executing SQL Statements, and Returning Results
Executing Prepared Statements
Binding Parameters and Returning a Binary Result
Using XA APIs
libpq API Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQconninfoParse
PQconnectStart
PQerrorMessage
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQclear
PQexec
PQexecParams
PQexecParamsBatch
PQexecPrepared
PQexecPreparedBatch
PQprepare
PQfnumberEx
PQexecPreparedBatchEx
Asynchronous Command Processing Functions
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Query Processing
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Functions for Processing Database Result
PQgetvalue
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQfname
PQresultStatus
PQGetBatchErrorCount
PQGetBatchErrorOffset
PQGetBatchErrorCode
PQGetBatchErrorMessage
XA Functions
xa_open
xa_close
xa_start
xa_end
xa_prepare
xa_commit
xa_rollback
xa_recover
get_xapg_conn
Development Based on Psycopg
Development Process
Psycopg Package
Example: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
cursor.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ECPG Components
ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Executing SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Managing Transactions
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONNECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing Statements Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
C-Structure SQLDA
Examples
ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Types
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Compatibility Reference
Appendix
JDBC
Data Type Mapping
Log Management
FAQ
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Error Is Reported When Verification Is Enabled for Data Insertion in the Hibernate Framework
Error Is Reported or Connection Is Blocked in SSL Mode
libpq
Connection Parameters
Parameters Related to Log Output
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Execution Plan Details
Execution Plans
Execution Information
Operators
Keyword Overview
Table Access Modes
Seq Scan
Index Scan
Index-only Scan
Bitmap
TID Scan
CTE Scan
Foreign Scan
Function Scan
Sample Scan
Subquery Scan
VALUES Scan
Worktable Scan
Table Join Modes
Nested-Loop Join
Hash Join
Merge Join
Operators
Sort
Limit
Append
Agg
Group
MergeAppend
SetOp
RecursiveUnion
Unique
LockRows
Materialize
Result
WindowAgg
StartWith Operator
Rownum
Unpivot
Partition Pruning
Partition Iterator
Other Keywords
Initplan
Stream
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Reviewing the Plan Change Scenario
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Long-running Query and Transaction Optimization
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Adjusting Key Parameters for SQL Optimization
Hint-based Optimization
Plan Hint Optimization
Hints for Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hints for Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
Hints for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hints for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Query Rewriting Hints
Outline Hints
Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
Hints for Specifying the Stream Hashagg Optimization
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Partition-wise Scan Optimization
Using the Vectorized Engine for Optimization
Introduction to Plan Trace
Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
Viewing the Plan Change History
Optimization Cases
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Adjusting the GUC Parameter costbased_rewrite_rule for Cost-based Query Rewriting
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for the JOIN Columns
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
SQL Reference
GaussDB SQL
Keywords
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL Type
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
XML Types
XMLType
Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
SET Type
ACLItem Type
Array Types
Vector Data Types
Data Types Supported by the Vectorized Executor
Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
Database-level Character Sets and Collations
Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
Table-level Character Sets and Collations
Column-level Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Extension Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
String Operators
Other Binary String Functions
Bit String Functions and Operators
Bit String Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic Functions
Time and Date Functions and Operators
Time and Date Operators
Time and Date Functions
TIMESTAMPDIFF
EXTRACT
date_part
Type Conversion Functions
Function Type Conversion
Encoding Type Conversion
Geometric Functions and Operators
Geometric Operators
Geometric Functions
Geometric Type Conversion Functions
Network Address Functions and Operators
cidr and inet Operators
cidr and inet Functions
macaddr Functions
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
Functions Supported by JSON/JSONB
HLL Functions and Operators
Hash Functions
Log Functions
Functional Functions
Aggregate Functions
Deprecated Functions
Built-in Functions
Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Array Operators
Array Functions
Range Functions and Operators
Range Operators
Range Functions
Aggregate Functions
Aggregate Functions
Aggregate Function Nesting
Window Functions
Security Functions
Ledger Database Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Series Generating Functions
Index Generating Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
Session Information Functions
Access Permission Query Functions
Schema Visibility Query Functions
System Catalog Information Functions
Comment Information Functions
XIDs and Snapshots
System Administration Functions
Configuration Setting Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Backup Control Functions
Restoration Control Functions
DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Database Object Size Functions
Database Object Position Functions
Recycle Bin Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Hash Bucket System Functions
Other Functions
Undo System Functions
Row-Store Compression System Functions
HTAP System Functions
VACUUM System Functions
SPM Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Functions for Collecting Statistics in Partitioned Tables
Trigger Functions
Hash Functions
Prompt Message Function
Global Temporary Table Functions
Fault Injection System Function
AI Feature Functions
Sensitive Data Discovery Function
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
Other System Functions
PG-compatible Functions and Operators
Internal Functions
Internal Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
Pivot Table Functions
UUID Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Functions
Multi-Tenant Database Functions
Deprecated Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Time Interval Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
Other Syntax List
Online DDL and Related Operations
A
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER EVENT
ALTER EXTENSION
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER PACKAGE
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER SYSTEM SET
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER USER MAPPING
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
B
BEGIN
C
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE CAST
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE EVENT
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
CREATE PACKAGE
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SECURITY LABEL
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SLICEGROUP
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLE PARTITION | SUBPARTITION AS
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE USER MAPPING
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
D
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CAST
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP EVENT
DROP EXTENSION
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP OPERATOR
DROP OWNED
DROP PACKAGE
DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE INCLUDING DATAFILES
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP RULE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SECURITY LABEL
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SLICEGROUP
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP USER MAPPING
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
E
EXECUTE
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP PLUGGABLE DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
F
FETCH
G
GRANT
I
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP PLUGGABLE DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP PLUGGABLE DATABASE RECOVER
IMPDP RECOVER
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
INSERT
INSERT ALL
L
LOAD DATA
LOCK
LOCK BUCKETS
M
MARK BUCKETS
MERGE INTO
MOVE
P
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
R
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RENAME TABLE
REPLACE
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
S
SAVEPOINT
SECURITY LABEL ON
SELECT
Simple Queries
Conditional Queries
Group Queries
Pagination Queries
Partition Queries
Join Queries
Subqueries
Hierarchical Queries
Compound Queries
Rows to Columns and Columns to Rows
Window Function Queries
Simplified Queries
Queries Using Hints
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHOW EVENTS
SHUTDOWN
SNAPSHOT
START TRANSACTION
T
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
U
UPDATE
V
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Extended Syntax
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Row Expression Function Whitelist
Best Practices
Best Practices for SQL Queries
Best Practices for Permission Configuration
Best Practices for VACUUM
VACUUM Parameters
FAQ
Possible Causes of Data Table Bloat
oldestxmin Is Stuck Due to Long Transactions
AUTOVACUUM Cleanup Efficiency Is Low
FSM Is Damaged
How Do I Estimate the Current Table or Database Space Bloat Ratio?
How Do I Evaluate Whether the Current Table or Database Requires VACUUM?
How Do I Estimate the VACUUM Cleanup Rate or How Long It Will Take?
How Do I Locate Inaccurate Statistics Such as Number of Dead Rows in the Database?
Best Practices for Import and Export Using COPY
Typical Scenarios
Using the Recommended CSV Format
Importing and Exporting Data with Extreme Performance
Exporting Files for Manual Parsing
Importing and Exporting Data When Only the TEXT Format Is Available
Importing and Exporting Data Files on a GSQL Client
Importing and Exporting Data Through the JDBC Driver
Importing Erroneous Data Through Error Tolerance
Guide to Exporting Erroneous Data
Guide to Importing Erroneous Data
Best Practices for Import and Export Using Tools
Instance-level Import and Export
Database-level Import and Export
Schema-level Import and Export
Table-level Import and Export
Best Practices for FASTPATH Parameter Tuning
Object Quantity Estimation
Log Statistics
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedure
Overview
Data Types
User-defined Subtypes
Data Type Conversion
Arrays, Collections, and Records
Arrays
Use of Array Types
Functions Supported by Arrays
Collections
Use of Collection Types
Collection Functions
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprogram
Standalone Subprogram
Package Subprogram
Nested Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Management
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic APIs
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_DESCRIBE
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_COMPRESSION
DBE_FILE
DBE_HEAT_MAP
DBE_ILM
DBE_ILM_ADMIN
DBE_LOB
DBE_MATCH
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_PROFILER
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_RAW
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_SESSION
DBE_SQL
DBE_STATS
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
DBE_DESCRIBE
PRVT_ILM
DBE_XMLGEN
RESOURCE_MANAGER
Retry Management
Debugging
Package
Recompilation upon Expiration
Overview of Recompilation upon Expiration
One-off Import
Dependency Record
Cascading Failure
Recompile
Re-creating the Package Header Without Deleting the Package Body
Recompiling Feature Functions upon Failure
Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Package Supporting Autonomous Transaction
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
Partitioned Table
PG_PARTITION
Workload Management
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ILM
GS_ILM_JOBDETAIL
GS_ILM_OBJECT
GS_ILM_PARAM
GS_ILM_POLICY
GS_ILM_TASK
GS_ILM_TASKDETAIL
GS_ILM_TICKER
Encrypted Equality Query
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
Communications
PGXC_NODE
Ledger Database
GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL
GS_SPM_BASELINE
GS_SPM_ID_HASH_JOIN
GS_SPM_PARAM
GS_SPM_EVOLUTION
GS_SPM_PLAN_HISTORY
AI
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_ABO_MODEL_STATISTIC
Auditing
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
User and Permission Management
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
Connection and Authentication
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
DATABASE LINK
GS_DATABASE_LINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
Logical Decoding
GS_LOGICAL_ATTRDEF
GS_LOGICAL_ATTRIBUTE
GS_LOGICAL_AUTHID
GS_LOGICAL_CLASS
GS_LOGICAL_CONSTRAINT
GS_LOGICAL_DATABASE
GS_LOGICAL_DICTIONARY
GS_LOGICAL_INDEX
GS_LOGICAL_NAMESPACE
GS_LOGICAL_PARTITION
GS_LOGICAL_TYPE
GS_SQLAPPLY_SKIP
GS_TXN_LSN_TIME
GS_LOGICAL_SET
GS_LOGICAL_ENUM
Multi-Tenant Databases
GS_PDB
GS_RESOURCE_PLANS
GS_RESOURCE_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
Other System Catalogs
GS_ASP
gs_copy_summary
PGXC_COPY_ERROR_LOG
GS_DEP_SOURCE
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_IMCV
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_PACKAGE
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SECURITY_LABEL
GS_SLICEGROUP
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
GS_TS_DICT_DEFINITION
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SET
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
Partitioned Table
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_INDEXES
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
Workload Management
GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
GS_WLM_USER_INFO
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ADM_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMOBJECTS
GS_ADM_ILMPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_ADM_ILMPARAMETERS
GS_ADM_ILMRESULTS
GS_ADM_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_MY_ILMRESULTS
GS_MY_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_MY_ILMOBJECTS
GS_MY_ILMPOLICIES
Communications
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
Segment-Page Storage
GS_SEG_DATAFILES
GS_SEG_DATAFILE_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENT_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_SEGMENTS
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL_BASELINE
GS_SPM_SQL_PARAM
GS_SPM_SQL_EVOLUTION
GS_SPM_SYS_BASELINE
GS_SPM_PLAN_HISTORY_DETAIL
Auditing
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
User and Permission Management
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_USERS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_DIRECTORIES
DB_TAB_PRIVS
DB_USERS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_LABELS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
GS_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
GS_ROLES
PG_SECLABELS
GS_SECLABELS
PG_SHADOW
GS_SHADOW
PG_USER
GS_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
PG_TDE_INFO
DATABASE LINK
GS_DB_LINKS
V$DBLINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEWS
Multi-Tenant Databases
GS_RESPLAN_PDB_INFO
GS_RESPLAN_PDB_METRIC
GS_RESPLAN_PDB_METRIC_HISTORY
MTD_USER
GS_DATABASE_DETAILS
VACUUM
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_AUTOVAC_STATUS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
GS_STAT_PROGRESS_VACUUM
Other System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_RECYCLEBIN
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_ERRORS
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DUAL
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
GS_FILE_STAT
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_IMCU_SLOT_STATUS
GS_IMCV_STATUS
GS_INSTANCE_TIME
GS_LOGICALSTANDBY_SKIP
GS_LOGICALSTANDBY_SKIP_TRANSACTION
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_OS_RUN_INFO
GS_REDO_STAT
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SESSION_STAT
GS_SESSION_TIME
GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_ERRORS
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_RECYCLEBIN
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_GTT_RELSTATS
PG_GTT_STATS
PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PLAN_TABLE
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
V$LOCK
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$OPEN_CURSOR
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGERS
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
NODE_NAME
PERF_QUERY
SHAKING_COLLECT_STATUS
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PDB Info
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session/Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_USER_COMPLEX_HISTORY
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
SESSION_SQL_MEMORY
Cache/IO
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Events
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
Global Plancache
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
ai_watchdog_ftask_status
Trace Function
pl_trace_func_start
pl_trace_func_end
pl_trace_info_clean
pl_get_trace_info
Deprecated Views
Query
Operator
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
SNAPSHOT.SNAP_QUERY
WDR Snapshot Data Table
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
DB4AI Schema
DB4AI.SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.ARCHIVE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PUBLISH_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.MANAGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.SAMPLE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DBE_PLDEVELOPER
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_errors
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.sqlpatch_query_hash
Configuring GUC Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication
Communications Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Data Import and Export
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Node
Standby Node
Logical Replication
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
SPM
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Reporting
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Workload Management
Autovacuum
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Product Version of the Cloud Service
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Transaction
Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Events
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Black Box Parameters
Security Configuration
Global Temporary Table
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
Undo
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Rollback Parameters
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Delimiter
Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
Creating an Index Online
Online DDL Operations
Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
Enhanced TOAST
HTAP
Multi-Tenant Databases
Reserved Parameters
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
Basic Concepts
Database Objects
Schemas
Constraints
Sequences
System Columns
Partitioned Tables
Indexes
Materialized Views
Transactions
Locks
PL/SQL
Introduction to PL/SQL
Cursors
Stored Procedures
Functions
Trigger
Packages
Flashback
TOAST Table
Fully-Encrypted Database
Appendix
WDRs
Database Stat
PDB Info
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
ASP Information
FAQ
What Is the Maximum Number of Columns in a Single GaussDB Table?
How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
What Is OID?
What is UDF?
What Wildcards Are Supported in GaussDB? How Do I Use Them?
Is There a Limit on the Length of a Database Object Name?
How Do I View the Creation Time of a Table?
How Do I Create Indexes in Parallel?
How Do I Create an Auto-Increment Column?
Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
How do I determine whether a column is null?
How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
How Do I Query the Time Difference Between Two Time Points?
What are the types of SQL languages?
What is the function of a trigger?
What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Validity Period of an Account?
What Are the Differences Between UNIQUE Constraints and Unique Indexes?
How Do I Create a Weak Password in GaussDB?
What is Dirty Read, Phantom Read, and Non-repeatable Read?
What Is MVCC?
Which Date/Time Types Contain the Time Zone and Which Do Not?
What Is the Difference Between count(*) and count(column)?
What Is the Relationship Between an Empty String and NULL?
What Are WALs and Log File Paths?
What Are the Schemas, Users, and Roles in GaussDB?
Does GaussDB Supports Dynamic Memory Management?
What Is the Schema Starting with pg_temp or pg_toast_temp?
What Are the Differences Between Functions and Stored Procedures?
Why Can a User Log In to the Database After the CONNECT ON DATABASE Permission Is Granted to the REVOKE User?
How Do I Improve the Efficiency when the Entire Table Is Associated with UPDATE?
How Do I Ignore Case When Using LIKE for Fuzzy Search?
After the String Processing Function Is Used, the Query Does Not Use the Index. What Should I Do?
Why Cannot the Table Name or Column Name Be Identified During Query?
Developer Guide(Distributed_V2.0-3.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to a Table
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Design Specifications
General Specifications
Deployment Specifications
Database Object Naming Specifications
Database and Schema Design Specifications
Permission Design Specifications
Character Set Design Specifications
Table Design Specifications
Column Design Specifications
Index Design Specifications
Function/Stored Procedure Design Specifications
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Database Programming Specifications
GUC Parameter Programming Specifications
Object Access Programming Specifications
WHERE
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Join Query
Subquery
Transaction
SQL Compilation
DDL
Client Programming Specifications
JDBC
Connection Control Specifications
Application Development Guide
Application Overview
Development Specifications
Development Based on JDBC
Development Process
Development Process
Obtaining the JAR Package of the Driver and Configuring the JDK Environment
Connecting to a Database
Connection Methods
Connection Parameter Reference
Connecting to a Database in Non-Encrypted Mode
Connecting to a Database in SSL Mode
Connecting to a Database in UDS Mode
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Configuring Connection Parameters in Different Scenarios
Creating and Calling a Stored Procedure
Obtaining the Return Value of a Function
Batch Query
SQL Retry at an Application Layer
Logical Replication
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
Development Based on ODBC
Development Process
Development Process
Obtaining a Source Code Package, ODBC Packages, and Dependent Libraries
Connecting to a Database
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
APIs for Connecting to a Database
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
Obtaining and Processing Data in a Database
Batch Binding
High-Performance Binding Type
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
Development Process
Development Process
Obtaining a Driver Package, a Dependency Library, and Header Files
Connecting to a Database
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Establishing a Database Connection, Executing SQL Statements, and Returning Results
Executing Prepared Statements
Binding Parameters and Returning a Binary Result
libpq Interface Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQbackendPID
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQexec
PQprepare
PQclear
Asynchronous Command Processing Functions
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Query Processing
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Functions for Processing Database Result
PQgetvalue
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQfname
PQresultStatus
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Development Procedure
Examples: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
cursor.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ecpg Components
ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Running SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Transaction
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing a Statement Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives: define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
C-Structure SQLDA
Examples
ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Type
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
Appendix
JDBC
Data Type Mapping
Log Management
FAQ
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Error Is Reported When Verification Is Enabled for Data Insertion in the Hibernate Framework
Error Is Reported or Connection Is Blocked in SSL Mode
libpq
Connection Parameters
Parameters Related to Log Output
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Execution Plan Details
Execution Plans
Distributed Plan
Execution Information
Operators
Keyword Overview
Table Access Modes
Seq Scan
Index Scan
Index Only Scan
Bitmap
TID Scan
Cte Scan
Function Scan
Sample Scan
SubQuery Scan
Values Scan
WorkTable Scan
Table Join Modes
Nested Loop Join
Hash Join
Merge Join
Operators
Sort
Limit
Append
Agg
Group
MergeAppend
SetOp
RecursiveUnion
Unique
LockRows
Materialize
Result
WindowAgg
Rownum
Unpivot
Distributed Operators
Data Node Scan
Streaming
Remote query
Partition Pruning
Partition Iterator
Other Keywords
InitPlan and Subplan
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Reviewing the Plan Change Scenario
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Parameterized Path Hint
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
Tuning with SQL PATCH
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
SQL Reference
SQL
Keywords
Data Type
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL Types
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
XML Type
XMLType
ACLItem
Array Types
Constants and Macros
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Undo System Functions
Other Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Fault Injection System Function
Redistribution Parameters
Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
Internal Functions
AI Feature Functions
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hotkey Feature Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Other System Functions
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER COORDINATOR
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER NODE
ALTER NODE GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE NODE
CREATE NODE GROUP
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP NODE
DROP NODE GROUP
DROP OWNED
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP RECOVER
INSERT
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
LOCK
MOVE
MERGE INTO
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
REASSIGN OWNED
REINDEX
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
START TRANSACTION
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Checking a Node Where a Table Resides
Best Practices of SQL Queries
Best Practices for Data Skew Query
Quickly Locating Tables That Cause Data Skew
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Overview
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprograms
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic APIs
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_LOB
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RAW
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_SQL
DBE_FILE
DBE_SESSION
DBE_MATCH
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
Retry Management
Debugging
Autonomous Transaction
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_ASP
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_DATABASE_LINK
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SET
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_REDISTB
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
COMM_CLIENT_INFO
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_DB_LINKS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATS
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_NG_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
TRACK_MEMORY_CONTEXT_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session and Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
STATEMENT_HISTORY
Cache and I/O
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Communication Library
COMM_DELAY
GLOBAL_COMM_DELAY
COMM_RECV_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_RECV_STREAM
COMM_SEND_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_SEND_STREAM
COMM_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_STATUS
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Event
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
WAIT_EVENT_INFO
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_CGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_CONTROLGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_RESOURCEPOOL_RUNTIME
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
LOCAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
GLOBAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
Global Plan Cache
LOCAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
Discarded
Query
Global Plancache
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
Configuring Running Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Hotspot Key Statistics
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
Transaction Monitoring
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
GTM Parameters
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Event
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Collaborative Analysis
Acceleration Cluster
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Full Text Search
Backup and Restoration
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Reserved Parameters
Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Undo
Rollback Parameters
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Developer Guide(Centralized_V2.0-3.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to a Table
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Design Specifications
General Specifications
Deployment Specifications
Database Object Naming Specifications
Database and Schema Design Specifications
Permission Design Specifications
Character Set Design Specifications
Table Design Specifications
Column Design Specifications
Index Design Specifications
Function/Stored Procedure Design Specifications
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Database Programming Specifications
GUC Parameter Programming Specifications
Object Access Programming Specifications
WHERE
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Join Query
Subquery
Transaction
SQL Compilation
Client Programming Specifications
JDBC
Application Development Guide
Application Overview
Development Specifications
Development Based on JDBC
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining the JAR Package of the Driver and Configuring the JDK Environment
Connecting to a Database
Connection Methods
Connection Parameter Reference
Connecting to a Database in Non-Encrypted Mode
Connecting to a Database in SSL Mode
Connecting to a Database in UDS Mode
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Configuring Connection Parameters in Different Scenarios
Creating and Calling a Stored Procedure
Obtaining the Return Value of a Function
Batch Query
SQL Retry at an Application Layer
Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Migrating Data from MySQL
Logical Replication
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
PGobject
Development Based on ODBC
Development Process
Development Process
Obtaining a Source Code Package, ODBC Packages, and Dependent Libraries
Connecting to a Database
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
APIs for Connecting to a Database
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
Obtaining and Processing Data in a Database
Batch Binding
High-Performance Binding Type
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining a Driver Package, a Dependency Library, and Header Files
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Establishing a Database Connection, Executing SQL Statements, and Returning Results
Executing Prepared Statements
Binding Parameters and Returning a Binary Result
libpq API Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQconninfoParse
PQconnectStart
PQerrorMessage
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQclear
PQexec
PQexecParams
PQexecParamsBatch
PQexecPrepared
PQexecPreparedBatch
PQprepare
Asynchronous Command Processing Functions
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Query Processing
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Functions for Processing Database Result
PQgetvalue
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQfname
PQresultStatus
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Development Procedure
Examples: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
cursor.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ecpg Components
ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Executing SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Managing Transactions
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing a Statement Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives: define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
C-Structure SQLDA
Examples
ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Type
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Appendix
JDBC
Data Type Mapping
Log Management
Troubleshooting
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Error Is Reported When Verification Is Enabled for Data Insertion in the Hibernate Framework
Error Is Reported or Connection Is Blocked in SSL Mode
libpq
Connection Parameters
Parameters Related to Log Output
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Execution Plan Details
Execution Plans
Execution Information
Operators
Keyword Overview
Table Access Modes
Seq Scan
Index Scan
Index Only Scan
Bitmap
TID Scan
Cte Scan
Foreign Scan
Function Scan
Sample Scan
SubQuery Scan
Values Scan
WorkTable Scan
Table Join Modes
Nested Loop Join
Hash Join
Merge Join
Operators
Sort
Limit
Append
Agg
Group
MergeAppend
SetOp
RecursiveUnion
Unique
LockRows
Materialize
Result
WindowAgg
StartWith Operator
Rownum
Unpivot
Partition Pruning
Partition Iterator
Other Keywords
InitPlan
Stream
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Reviewing the Plan Change Scenario
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Introduction to Plan Trace
Tuning with SQL PATCH
Optimization Cases
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for the JOIN Column
Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
SQL Reference
SQL
Keywords
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL Types
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
XML Type
XMLType
SET Type
ACLItem
Array Types
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Other Functions
Undo System Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Global Temporary Table Functions
Fault Injection System Function
AI Feature Functions
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
Internal Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
Other System Functions
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER EVENT
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER PACKAGE
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER USER MAPPING
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE CAST
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE EVENT
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
CREATE PACKAGE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE USER MAPPING
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CAST
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP EVENT
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP OPERATOR
DROP OWNED
DROP PACKAGE
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP RULE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP USER MAPPING
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP RECOVER
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
INSERT
LOCK
MERGE INTO
MOVE
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHOW EVENTS
SHUTDOWN
SNAPSHOT
START TRANSACTION
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
ALTER EXTENSION
CREATE EXTENSION
DROP EXTENSION
Appendix
Extended Functions
Extended Syntax
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data type
Best Practices of SQL Queries
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedure
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays, Collections, and Records
Arrays
Use of Array Types
Functions Supported by Arrays
Collections
Use of Collection Types
Collection Functions
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Management
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic Interfaces
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation Interfaces (Recommended)
DBE_LOB
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RAW
DBE_TASK
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_SQL
DBE_FILE
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_SESSION
DBE_MATCH
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
Retry Management
Debugging
Package
Autonomous Transaction
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Package Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_ASP
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_DATABASE_LINK
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_PACKAGE
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_SET
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_RECYCLEBIN
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_ERRORS
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_INDEXES
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
DV_SESSIONS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
GS_DB_LINKS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_FILE_STAT
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_INSTANCE_TIME
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_OS_RUN_INFO
GS_REDO_STAT
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SESSION_STAT
GS_SESSION_TIME
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_ERRORS
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_RECYCLEBIN
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_GTT_RELSTATS
PG_GTT_STATS
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATS
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PLAN_TABLE
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
Discarded
System Views
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
Reserved
System Views
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
NODE_NAME
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session/Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_HISTORY
Cache/IO
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Events
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
Global Plancache
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
Deprecated Views
Query
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
WDR Snapshot Data Table
WDR Information
Database Stat
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DB4AI Schema
DB4AI.SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.ARCHIVE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PUBLISH_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.MANAGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.SAMPLE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DBE_PLDEVELOPER
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_errors
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
Configuring Running Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Data Import and Export
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Transaction
Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Audit
CM Parameters
Parameters Related to cm_agent
Parameters Related to cm_server
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Events
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
Global Temporary Table
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
Undo
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Rollback Parameters
Reserved Parameters
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Parameters Related to the Efficient Data Compression Algorithm
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Delimiter
Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
Developer Guide(Distributed_V2.0-2.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security Management
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrator
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
Setting User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to a Table
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying a System Catalog
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Design Specifications
General Specifications
Deployment Specifications
Database Object Naming Specifications
Database and Schema Design Specifications
Permission Design Specifications
Character Set Design Specifications
Table Design Specifications
Column Design Specifications
Index Design Specifications
Function/Stored Procedure Design Specifications
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Database Design Specifications
GUC Parameter Programming Specifications
Object Access Programming Specifications
WHERE
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Join Query
Subquery
Transaction
SQL Compilation
Client Programming Specifications
JDBC
Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Development Based on JDBC
JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Log Management
Example: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL
Example: Logic Replication Code
Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
Mapping for JDBC Data Types
Troubleshooting
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Error Is Reported or Connection Is Blocked in SSL Mode
Development Based on ODBC
ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files
Development Process
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
libpq Package, Dependency Library, and Header File
Development Process
Example
libpq API Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQbackendPID
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQexec
PQprepare
PQresultStatus
PQclear
Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Connection Parameters
Psycopg-Based Development
Development Process
Psycopg Package
Example: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
cursor.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Commissioning
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Storage Model
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Optimization
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Parameterized Path Hint
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Plan Hint Cases
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
Case: Setting cost_param and Optimizing Query Performance
Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
Case: Adjusting Partial Clustering Keys
Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
SQL Reference
GaussDB SQL
Keywords
Data Type
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
ACLItem
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Mathematical Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Other Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Fault Injection System Function
Redistribution Parameters
Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
Internal Functions
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hotkey Feature Functions
Global SysCache Feature Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Other System Functions
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COORDINATOR
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER NODE
ALTER NODE GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE NODE
CREATE NODE GROUP
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP NODE
DROP NODE GROUP
DROP OWNED
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
INSERT
LOCK
MOVE
MERGE INTO
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
REASSIGN OWNED
REINDEX
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
START TRANSACTION
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Selecting a Storage Model
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Checking a Node Where a Table Resides
Best Practices of SQL Queries
Best Practices for Data Skew Query
Quickly Locating Tables That Cause Data Skew
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Overview
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays and Records
Arrays
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprograms
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic APIs
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_LOB
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RAW
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_SQL
DBE_FILE
DBE_SESSION
DBE_MATCH
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
Retry Management
Debugging
Autonomous Transaction
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_ASP
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_REDISTB
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
System Views
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
COMM_CLIENT_INFO
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
DV_SESSIONS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_DB_CU
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TABLES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_VIEWS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
SYS_DUMMY
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_NG_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
TRACK_MEMORY_CONTEXT_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session and Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_HISTORY
Cache and I/O
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
Communications Library
COMM_DELAY
GLOBAL_COMM_DELAY
COMM_RECV_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_RECV_STREAM
COMM_SEND_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_SEND_STREAM
COMM_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_STATUS
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Event
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Global Plan Cache
LOCAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
Deprecated Views
Query
Global Plancache
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding Options
Logical Decoding by SQL Function Interfaces
Replicating Data Using the Logical Replication Tool
GTM Mode
Materialized View
Complete-refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Fast-refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Error Log Reference
Kernel Error Information
CM Error Information
Configuring GUC Parameters
Viewing Parameter Values
Resetting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Hotspot Key Statistics
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
Transaction Monitoring
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
GTM Parameters
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Event
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Reserved Parameters
Developer Guide(Centralized_V2.0-2.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security Management
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrator
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
Setting User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating Tables
Inserting Data to Tables
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying a System Catalog
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Design Specifications
General Specifications
Deployment Specifications
Database Object Naming Specifications
Database and Schema Design Specifications
Permission Design Specifications
Character Set Design Specifications
Table Design Specifications
Column Design Specifications
Index Design Specifications
Function/Stored Procedure Design Specifications
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Database Design Specifications
GUC Parameter Programming Specifications
Object Access Programming Specifications
WHERE
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Join Query
Subquery
Transaction
SQL Compilation
Client Programming Specifications
JDBC
Application Development Guide
GaussDB Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Development Based on JDBC
Development Process
Development Process
Obtaining the Driver JAR Package and Configuring JDK 1.8
Connecting to a Database
Connection Methods
Connection Parameter Reference
Connecting to a Database in Non-Encrypted Mode
Connecting to a Database in SSL Mode
Connecting to a Database in UDS Mode
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Configuring Connection Parameters in Different Scenarios
Creating and Calling a Stored Procedure
Obtaining the Return Value of a Function
Batch Query
SQL Retry at an Application Layer
Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Migrating Data from a MySQL Database
Logical Replication
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
Development Based on ODBC
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining a Source Code Package, ODBC Packages, and Dependent Libraries
Connecting to a Database
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
APIs for Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
Obtaining and Processing Data in a Database
Batch Binding
High-Performance Binding
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
Development Process
Development Procedure
Obtaining a Driver Package, a Dependency Library, and Header Files
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Typical Application Development Examples
Establishing a Database Connection, Executing SQL Statements, and Returning Results
Executing Prepared Statements
Binding Parameters and Returning a Binary Result
libpq API Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQconninfoParse
PQconnectStart
PQerrorMessage
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQclear
PQexec
PQexecParams
PQexecParamsBatch
PQexecPrepared
PQexecPreparedBatch
PQprepare
Asynchronous Command Processing Functions
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Query Processing
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Functions for Processing Database Result
PQgetvalue
PQfname
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQresultStatus
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Psycopg Package
Example: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
cursor.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Development Based on the Go Driver
Go Driver Package, Environment Class, and Driver Class
Development Process
Connecting to the Database
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Go API Reference
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
Appendix
JDBC
Data Type Mapping
Log Management
Troubleshooting
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Error Is Reported or Connection Is Blocked in SSL Mode
libpq
Connection Parameters
Parameters Related to Log Output
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Tuning Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Storage Model
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Optimization
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hint Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
Tuning with SQL PATCH
Optimization Cases
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for the JOIN Columns
Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
SQL Reference
GaussDB SQL
Keywords
Data Type
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL
Range Types
OID Types
Pseudo-Types
ACLItem
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Mathematical Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
DR Control Functions for Dual Database Instances
DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Other Functions
Undo System Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Global Temporary Table Functions
Fault Injection System Function
AI Feature Functions
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
Internal Functions
Global SysCache Feature Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Other System Functions
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER PACKAGE
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER USER MAPPING
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE CAST
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
CREATE PACKAGE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE USER MAPPING
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CAST
DROP DATABASE
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP OPERATOR
DROP OWNED
DROP PACKAGE
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP RULE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP USER MAPPING
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
INSERT
LOCK
MERGE INTO
MOVE
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
START TRANSACTION
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Extended Syntax
Best Practices
Best Practices for Table Design
Selecting a Storage Model
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data type
Best Practices for SQL Queries
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedure
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays, Sets, and Records
Arrays
Collections
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Management
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic APIs
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_LOB
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RAW
DBE_TASK
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_SQL
DBE_FILE
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_SESSION
DBE_MATCH
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
Retry Management
Debugging
Package
Autonomous Transaction
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Package Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_ASP
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_PACKAGE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
System Views
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PART_INDEXES
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS (Deprecated)
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_FILE_STAT
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_INSTANCE_TIME
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_OS_RUN_INFO
GS_REDO_STAT
GS_SESSION_MEMORY
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SESSION_STAT
GS_SESSION_TIME
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_TABLES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_VIEWS
PG_CURSORS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_GTT_RELSTATS
PG_GTT_STATS
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PLAN_TABLE
SYS_DUMMY
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
NODE_NAME
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session/Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_HISTORY
Cache/IO
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Events
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
Global Plancache
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
Deprecated Views
Query
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DBE_PLDEVELOPER
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_errors
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding Options
Logical Decoding by SQL Functions
Replicating Data Using the Logical Replication Tool
Materialized View
Complete-refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Fast-refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Error Log Reference
Kernel Error Information
CM Error Information
Configuring GUC Parameters
Viewing Parameter Values
Resetting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Data Import and Export
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Transaction
Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Audit
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
Parameters Related to CM Server
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Events
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
Global Temporary Table
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
Undo
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Rollback Parameters
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Reserved Parameters
M-Compatibility Developer Guide(Distributed)
M-compatible Database System Overview
Query Request Handling Process
GaussDB Features That Are Not Supported by the M-compatible Database
Creating an M-compatible Database and User
Application Development Guide
Database Access Route
Development Specifications
Development Based on GaussDB JDBC
SQL Reference
Introduction to SQL
Keywords
Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
Database-level Character Sets and Collations
Table-level Character Sets and Collations
Column-level Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
SQL Syntax
Identifier Description
SQL Statements
SQL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
Overview of Other Syntax
A
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COORDINATOR
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER EXTENSION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER NODE
ALTER NODE GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE
B
BEGIN
C
CLEAN CONNECTION
CHECKPOINT
COMMENT
COMMIT
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE NODE
CREATE NODE GROUP
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
D
DEALLOCATE
DELETE
DO
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP DATABASE
DROP EXTENSION
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP NODE
DROP NODE GROUP
DROP OWNED
DROP PREPARE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP ROLE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP TABLE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
E
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
EXPLAIN
G
GRANT
I
INSERT
L
LOCK
LOAD DATA
P
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
R
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
REPLACE
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
S
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
Simple Queries
Conditional Queries
Group Queries
Pagination Queries
Partition Queries
Join Queries
Subqueries
Compound Queries
SELECT INTO
SET
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
START TRANSACTION
T
TRUNCATE
U
UPDATE
USE
V
VACUUM
Functions and Operators
Operator Overview
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Comparison Functions and Comparison Operators
Numeric Operation Functions and Arithmetic Operators
String Functions
Datetime Functions
Type Conversion Functions
Aggregate Functions
Encryption and Decryption Functions
Process Control Functions
Internal Functions
Other Functions
Data Types
Overview
Boolean Types
Binary Types
Character Types
Date and Time Types
Bit String Types
Numeric Types
Signed Integer Types
Unsigned Integer Types
Fixed-Point Types
Floating-Point Types
Type Conversion
Implicit Type Conversion
Explicit Type Conversion
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Row Expressions
Time Interval Expressions
System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
System Views
Schemas
Information Schemas
character_sets
collations
collation_character_set_applicability
columns
column_privileges
engines
events
files
global_status
global_variables
key_column_usage
optimizer_trace
parameters
partitions
plugins
processlist
profiling
referential_constraints
routines
schemata
schema_privileges
session_status
session_variables
statistics
tables
table_constraints
table_privileges
triggers
user_privileges
views
m_schema
tables_priv
columns_priv
procs_priv
proc
func
Stored Procedures
M-Compatibility Developer Guide(Centralized)
M-compatible Database System Overview
Query Request Handling Process
GaussDB Features That Are Not Supported by the M-compatible Database
Creating an M-compatible Database and User
Application Development Guide
Database Access Route
Development Specifications
PyMySQL-based Development
Development Process
Development Process
Examples: Common Operations
PyMySQL API Reference
pymysql.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query, args)
cursor.executemany(query,args)
connection.begin()
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.fetchmany(size=None)
cursor.close()
connection.close()
connection.ping(reconnect = True)
connection.select_db(dbname)
connection.set_character_set(charset, collation=None)
connection.autocommit(arg)
Development Based on GaussDB JDBC
Development Based on MySQL JDBC
Development Process
Development Process
Preparing the Environment
Connecting to a Database
Loading a Driver
Database Connection Parameters
Connecting to a Database in a Common Manner
Connecting to a Database in SSL Mode
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Examples
Common Operation Examples
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
Appendix
JDBC Data Type Mapping
Development Based on ODBC
SQL Reference
Introduction to SQL
Keywords
Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
Database-level Character Sets and Collations
Table-level Character Sets and Collations
Column-level Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
SQL Syntax
Identifier Description
SQL Statements
SQL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
Overview of Other Syntax
A
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER EXTENSION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE
B
BEGIN
C
CLEAN CONNECTION
CHECKPOINT
COMMENT
COMMIT
COPY
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
CREATE TABLE SELECT
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
D
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DEALLOCATE
DELETE
DESCRIBE
DO
DROP DATABASE
DROP EXTENSION
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP OWNED
DROP PREPARE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP ROLE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP TABLE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
E
EXECUTE
EXPDP PLUGGABLE DATABASE
EXPLAIN
G
GRANT
I
IMPDP PLUGGABLE DATABASE RECOVER
INSERT
L
LOAD DATA
LOCK
P
PREPARE
PURGE
R
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RENAME TABLE
REPLACE
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
S
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
Simple Queries
Conditional Queries
Group Queries
Pagination Queries
Partition Queries
Join Queries
Subqueries
Compound Queries
SELECT INTO
SET
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
START TRANSACTION
T
TRUNCATE
U
UPDATE
USE
V
VACUUM
Functions and Operators
Operator Overview
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Comparison Functions and Comparison Operators
Numeric Operation Functions and Arithmetic Operators
String Functions
Datetime Functions
Type Conversion Functions
Network Address Functions
Aggregate Functions
JSON Functions and Operators
JSON Functions
JSON Operators
Window Functions
Encryption and Decryption Functions
Process Control Functions
Internal Functions
Other Functions
Security Functions
Unplanned Application Lossless and Transparent
Overview of Unplanned Application Lossless and Transparent
Flow Control Functions
Date and Time Functions
String Functions
Forced Conversion Functions
Encryption Functions
Comparison Functions
Aggregate Functions
JSON Functions
Window Functions
Arithmetic Functions
Network Address Functions
Other Functions
Data Types
Overview
Boolean Types
Binary Types
Character Types
Date and Time Types
Bit String Types
Numeric Types
Signed Integer Types
Unsigned Integer Types
Fixed-Point Types
Floating-Point Types
JSON Types
Enumerated Types
Set Types
Type Conversion
Implicit Type Conversion
Explicit Type Conversion
UNION, EXCEPT, CASE, and Related Constructs
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Row Expressions
Time Interval Expressions
Comments
Single-Line Comment
System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
System Views
Schemas
Information Schemas
character_sets
collations
collation_character_set_applicability
columns
column_privileges
engines
events
files
global_status
global_variables
key_column_usage
optimizer_trace
parameters
partitions
plugins
processlist
profiling
referential_constraints
routines
schemata
schema_privileges
session_status
session_variables
statistics
tables
table_constraints
table_privileges
triggers
user_privileges
views
m_schema
tables_priv
columns_priv
procs_priv
proc
func
Stored Procedures
Tool Guide
Tool Guide(Distributed_V2.0-8.x)
Database Connection Tools
gsql for Connecting to a Database
gsql Usage Guide
Meta-Command Reference
FAQ
Data Import and Export Tools
Overview
gs_dump for Exporting Database Information
gs_dumpall for Exporting All Database Information
gs_restore for Importing Data
Tool Guide(Centralized_V2.0-8.x)
Database Connection Tools
gsql for Connecting to a Database
gsql Usage Guide
Meta-Command Reference
FAQ
Data Import and Export Tools
Overview
gs_loader for Importing Data
gs_dump for Exporting Database Information
gs_dumpall for Exporting All Database Information
gs_restore for Importing Data
Tool Guide(Distributed_V2.0-3.x)
Overview
How to Use gsql
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Tool Guide(Centralized_V2.0-3.x)
gsql
Overview
Usage Guidelines
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
gs_loader
Tool Guide(Distributed_V2.0-2.x)
Overview
How to Use gsql
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Tool Guide(Centralized_V2.0-2.x)
gsql
Overview
Usage Guidelines
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
gs_loader
Feature Guide
Feature Guide(Distributed_V2.0-8.x)
Materialized View
Complete-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Support and Constraints
Usage
Fast-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Support and Constraints
Usage
Setting Encrypted Equality Query
Overview
Using gsql to Operate an Encrypted Database
Using JDBC to Operate an Encrypted Database
Forward Compatibility and Security Enhancement
Encrypted Functions and Stored Procedures
Transparent Data Encryption
Setting a Ledger Database
Overview
Viewing Historical Operation Records in the Ledger
Checking Ledger Data Consistency
Archiving a Ledger Database
Repairing a Ledger Database
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding Options
Logical Decoding by SQL Functions
Logical Data Replication Using Streaming Decoding
Logical Decoding of DDL Statements
Data Restoration by Logical Decoding
Partitioned Table
Introduction to Table Partitioning
Background
Table Partitioning
Optimization Data Query by Partition
Data Partition O&M Management
Introduction to Partitioned Tables
Basic Concepts
Partitioned Table
Partition
Partition Key
Partitioning Policy
Range Partitioning
Hash Partitioning
List Partitioning
Impact of Partitioned Tables on Import Performance
Basic Usage of Partitions
Creating Partitioned Tables
Using and Managing Partitioned Tables
DQL/DML Operations on a Partitioned Table
Partitioned Table Query Optimization
Partition Pruning
Static Partition Pruning
Dynamic Partition Pruning
Dynamic PBE Pruning
Dynamic Parameterized Path Pruning
Partitioned Indexes
Collecting Statistics on Partitioned Tables
Collecting Statistics in Cascading Mode
Collecting Partition-Level Statistics
Partition-Wise Join
Partition-Wise Join in Non-SMP Scenarios
Full Partition-Wise Join in the SMP Scenario
Partitioned Table O&M Management
ADD PARTITION
Adding a Partition to a Range Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to a List Partitioned Table
DROP PARTITION
EXCHANGE PARTITION
TRUNCATE PARTITION
SPLIT PARTITION
Splitting a Partition for a Range Partitioned Table
Splitting a Partition for a List Partitioned Table
MERGE PARTITION
MOVE PARTITION
RENAME PARTITION
Renaming a Partition in a Partitioned Table
Renaming an Index Partition for a Local Index
ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes of a Partition
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes
Invalidating/Rebuilding Local Indexes of a Partition
Partition Concurrency Control
Common Lock Design
DQL/DML-DQL/DML Concurrency
DQL/DML-DDL Concurrency
System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
System Views Related to Partitioned Tables
Built-in Tool Functions Related to Partitioned Tables
Storage Engine
Storage Engine Architecture
Overview
Static Compilation Architecture
Database Service Layer
Setting Up a Storage Engine
Storage Engine Update Description
GaussDB Kernel 505
GaussDB Kernel 503
GaussDB Kernel R2
Astore
Overview
Ustore
Overview
Ustore Features and Specifications
Restrictions
Storage Specifications
Examples
Best Practices of Ustore
How Can I Configure init_td
How Can I Configure fillfactor
Online Verification
How Can I Configure the Size of Rollback Segments
Storage Format
RCR Uheap
RCR Uheap Multi-Version Management
RCR Uheap Visibility Mechanism
RCR Uheap Free Space Management
UB-Tree
RCR UB-tree