GaussDB
GaussDB
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What's New
Function Overview
Product Bulletin
Product Bulletin
GaussDB Versioning Rules Have Been Updated
Developer Guide of GaussDB V2.0-1.x Will Be Removed
GaussDB(for openGauss) Is Now Called GaussDB
URLs of GaussDB Documents Will Be Changed in Huawei Cloud Help Center
GaussDB Billing Items Will Be Split from GaussDB(for MySQL)
Product Release Notes
Vulnerability Fixing Policies
Version Support Bulletin
GaussDB Version Policies
Kernel Release History
8.x Versions
3.x Versions
2.x Versions
Service Overview
GaussDB Infographics
What Is GaussDB?
Scenarios
Basic Concepts
Advantages
DB Instance Description
DB Instance Types
Instance Storage Types
DB Engine Versions
Instance Statuses
Instance Specifications
Edition Types of DB Instances
Compatibility with Oracle
Distributed Instances
Oracle Database Compatibility Overview
Basic SQL Elements
Data Types
Data Type Comparison Rules
Literals
Format Models
Nulls
Comments
Database Objects
Database Object Names and Qualifiers
Syntax for Schema Objects and Parts in SQL Statements
Pseudocolumns
Operators
Expressions
Conditions
Common SQL DDL Clauses
SQL Queries and Subqueries
PL/SQL Language
Basic PL/SQL Syntax
Data Type Compatibility
Control Statements
Collections and Records
Static SQL Statements
Dynamic SQL Statements
Triggers
System Functions
Single-Row Functions
Other Functions
System Views
Advanced Packages
Centralized Instances
Oracle Database Compatibility Overview
Basic SQL Elements
Data Types
Data Type Comparison Rules
Literals
Format Models
Nulls
Comments
Database Objects
Database Object Names and Qualifiers
Syntax for Schema Objects and Parts in SQL Statements
Pseudocolumns
Operators
Expressions
Conditions
Common SQL DDL Clauses
SQL Queries and Subqueries
PL/SQL Language
Basic PL/SQL Syntax
Data Type Compatibility
Control Statements
Collections and Records
Static SQL Statements
Dynamic SQL Statements
Triggers
System Functions
Single-Row Functions
Other Functions
System Views
Advanced Packages
Compatibility with MySQL Databases
Distributed Instances
Overview
MySQL Compatibility in MySQL-Compatible Mode
MySQL Compatibility Overview
Data Types
Numeric Data Types
Date and Time Data Types
String Data Types
Binary Data Types
JSON Data Type
Attributes Supported by Data Types
Data Type Conversion
System Functions
Flow Control Functions
Date and Time Functions
String Functions
Forced Conversion Functions
Encryption Functions
JSON Functions
Aggregate Functions
Arithmetic Functions
Other Functions
Operators
Character Sets
Collation Rules
SQL
DDL
DML
DCL
Drivers
JDBC
JDBC API Reference
MySQL Compatibility in M-compatible Mode
MySQL Compatibility Overview
Data Types
Numeric Data Types
Date and Time Data Types
String Data Types
Binary Data Types
Attributes Supported by Data Types
Data Type Conversion
System Functions
Flow Control Functions
Date and Time Functions
String Functions
Forced Conversion Functions
Encryption Functions
Comparison Functions
Aggregate Functions
Arithmetic Functions
Other Functions
Operators
Character Sets
Collation Rules
Transactions
SQL
Keywords
Identifiers
DDL
DML
DCL
Other Statements
Users and Permissions
System Catalogs and System Views
Centralized Instances
Introduction
MySQL Compatibility in B-Compatible Mode
MySQL Compatibility Overview
Data Types
Numeric Data Types
Date and Time Data Types
String Data Types
Binary Data Types
JSON Data Type
Attributes Supported by Data Types
Data Type Conversion
System Functions
Flow Control Functions
Date and Time Functions
String Functions
Forced Conversion Functions
Encryption Functions
Information Functions
JSON Functions
Aggregate Functions
Arithmetic Functions
Other Functions
Operators
Character Sets
Collation Rules
Expressions
SQL
DDL
DML
DCL
Drivers
JDBC
JDBC API Reference
MySQL Compatibility in M-Compatible Mode
MySQL Compatibility Overview
Data Types
Numeric Data Types
Date and Time Data Types
String Data Types
Binary Data Types
JSON
Attributes Supported by Data Types
Data Type Conversion
System Functions
Flow Control Functions
Date and Time Functions
String Functions
Forced Conversion Functions
Encryption Functions
Comparison Functions
Aggregate Functions
JSON Functions
Window Functions
Arithmetic Functions
Network Address Functions
Other Functions
Operators
Character Sets
Collation Rules
Transactions
SQL
Keywords
Identifiers
DDL
DML
DCL
Other Statements
Users and Permissions
System Catalogs and System Views
Unplanned Application Lossless and Transparent
Flow Control Functions
Date and Time Functions
String Functions
Forced Conversion Functions
Encryption Functions
Comparison Functions
Aggregate Functions
JSON Functions
Window Functions
Arithmetic Functions
Network Address Functions
Other Functions
Security
Shared Responsibilities
Identity Authentication and Access Control
Service Access Control
Data Protection
Audit and Logs
Risk Monitoring
Fault Recovery
Certificates
Permissions Management
Notes and Constraints
Related Services
Billing
Billing Overview
Billed Items
Billing Modes
Overview
Yearly/Monthly Billing
Pay-per-Use Billing
Billing Examples
Billing Mode Changes
Overview
Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
Yearly/Monthly to Pay-per-Use
Subscription Renewal
Overview
Manually Renewing a GaussDB Instance
Auto-renewing a GaussDB Instance
Bills
Arrears
Billing Termination
Cost Management
Getting Started
Buying a GaussDB Instance and Connecting to It Through the DAS Console(Recommended)
Buying and Connecting to the GaussDB Instance Using gsql
GaussDB Common Practices
User Guide
Permissions Management
Creating a User and Granting Permissions
Creating a Custom Policy
Buying a GaussDB Instance
GaussDB Instance Connection
Connecting to a GaussDB Instance
Connecting to an Instance Through DAS
Using gsql to Connect to an Instance
Using Navicat to Connect to an Instance
Using DBeaver to Connect to an Instance
Database Migration
Overview of GaussDB Migration Solutions
Using DRS to Migrate Data from Oracle Database to GaussDB
Using DRS to Migrate Data from MySQL Database to GaussDB
Migrating Data to GaussDB Using the Export and Import Functions of DAS
Using the copy to/from Command to Export and Import Data
Using CopyManager in JDBC to Export and Import Data
Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Data
Using gs_restore to Import Data
Using gs_loader to Import Data
Database Use
Overview of Database Usage
Creating a GaussDB Database
Creating a GaussDB Database User
Instance Management
Viewing GaussDB Instance Overview Data
Configuring Security Group Rules for a GaussDB Instance
Binding and Unbinding an EIP for a GaussDB Instance
Modifying the Recycle Bin Policy for a GaussDB Instance
Exporting Information About All GaussDB Instances
Unsubscribing a Yearly/Monthly GaussDB Instance
Stopping a GaussDB Instance
Starting a GaussDB Instance
Rebooting a GaussDB Instance
Deleting a Pay-per-Use GaussDB Instance
Rebuilding a GaussDB Instance
Stopping a GaussDB Node
Starting a GaussDB Node
Rebooting a GaussDB Node
Instance Modifications
Changing the Name of a GaussDB Instance
Changing the Database Port of a GaussDB Instance
Changing the M Compatibility Port
Changing the CPU and Memory Specifications of a GaussDB Instance
Synchronizing Data to a Single-Replica Instance
Scaling In and Out an Instance
Overview of Scaling In and Out an Instance
Adding Coordinator Nodes for an Instance (Distributed)
Adding Shards for an Instance (Distributed)
Deleting Coordinator Nodes for an Instance (Distributed)
Deleting Shards for an Instance (Distributed)
Scaling Up Storage Space
Overview of Scaling Up Storage Space
Manually Scaling Up Storage Space for an Instance
Manually Scaling Up Storage Space of Specified Shards
Configuring Storage Autoscaling for an Instance
Changing the Deployment Model
Overview of Changing the Deployment Model
Changing the Deployment Model of a Single-Replica Instance (Centralized)
Changing Standby DNs to Log Nodes (for a Distributed Instance)
Performing a Primary/Standby DN Switchover
Overview of Performing a Primary/Standby DN Switchover
Changing the DN Failover Priority
Performing a Primary/Standby Switchover
Instance Upgrade
Overview
Hot Patch Update
In-place Upgrade
Gray Upgrade
Plug-in Management
Installing a Plug-in
Enabling or Disabling a Plug-in
Viewing Extensions
Data Backup
Working with Backups
Backup Execution
Configuring an Automated Backup Policy for GaussDB
Creating a Manual Backup for GaussDB
Backup Management
Exporting Backup Information About GaussDB Instances
Stopping a Backup for a GaussDB Instance
Deleting a Manual Backup of a GaussDB Instance
Data Restoration
GaussDB Restoration Methods for Data Misoperations
Restoring a Backup File to a GaussDB Instance
Restoring a GaussDB Instance to a Specific Point in Time
Parameter Management
Configurable DB Instance Parameters
Modifying GaussDB Instance Parameters
Viewing Parameter Change History of a GaussDB Instance
Exporting Parameters of a GaussDB Instance
Creating a Parameter Template for GaussDB Instances
Managing Parameter Templates for GaussDB Instances
Monitoring and Alarming
Supported Metrics of GaussDB
Querying GaussDB Monitoring Metrics
Checking GaussDB Monitoring Dashboards
Creating Alarm Rules for a GaussDB Instance
Event Monitoring
Supported Events of GaussDB
Checking GaussDB Event Monitoring Data
Creating an Alarm Rule to Monitor a GaussDB Event
Logs and Auditing
Downloading Error Logs and Slow Query Logs of a GaussDB Instance
Downloading Switchover/Failover Logs of a GaussDB Instance
Querying Audit Logs of GaussDB Instances on CTS
Interconnecting with LTS and Querying Database Audit Logs
Quota Adjustment
Adjusting Cloud Service Resource Quotas of GaussDB
Adjusting GaussDB Resource Quotas of an Enterprise Project
SQL Diagnosis
Configuring SQL Throttling Rules
Managing GaussDB Tasks
Managing GaussDB Tags
Resetting the Administrator Password of a GaussDB Instance
Developer Guide
Developer Guide(Distributed_8.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to Tables
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Tool Interconnection
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Obtaining the Driver Package
Development Based on JDBC
JDBC Packages, Driver Classes, and Environment Classes
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Log Management
Examples: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Logic Replication Code
Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
Common JDBC Parameters
FAQs
Incorrect batchMode Settings
JDBC Data Type Mapping
Development Based on ODBC
ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files
Development Process
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
libpq Package, Dependent Library, and Header Files
Development Process
Examples
libpq Interface Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQbackendPID
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQexec
PQprepare
PQresultStatus
PQclear
PQfnumberEx
Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Connection Parameters
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Psycopg Package
Examples: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
curosr.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ECPG Components
ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Running SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Transaction
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing Statements Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
SQLDA
Examples
ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Types
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to the Database
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
Compatibility Reference
Commissioning
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing SQL Self-diagnosis
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
Hint-based Optimization
Plan Hint Optimization
Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Parameterized Path Hint
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Query Rewriting Hints
Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
SQL Reference
GaussDB SQL
Keywords
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL Type
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
XML Type
XMLType
ACLItem Type
Array Types
Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
Database-level Character Sets and Collations
Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
Table-level Character Sets and Collations
Column-level Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Ledger Database Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Setting Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Hash Bucket System Functions
Undo System Functions
Other Functions
SPM Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Functions
Prompt Message Function
Fault Injection System Function
Redistribution Functions
Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
Other System Functions
Internal Functions
AI Feature Functions
Sensitive Data Discovery Function
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hotkey Feature Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Pivot Table Functions
UUID Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Time Interval Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
Other Syntax List
A
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER COORDINATOR
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER NODE
ALTER NODE GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
B
BEGIN
C
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE NODE
CREATE NODE GROUP
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SECURITY LABEL
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
D
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP NODE
DROP NODE GROUP
DROP OWNED
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SECURITY LABEL
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
E
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
F
FETCH
G
GRANT
I
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP RECOVER
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
INSERT
L
LOAD DATA
LOCK
LOCK BUCKETS
M
MARK BUCKETS
MERGE INTO
MOVE
P
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
R
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RENAME TABLE
REPLACE
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
S
SAVEPOINT
SECURITY LABEL ON
SELECT
Simple Queries
Conditional Queries
Group Queries
Pagination Queries
Partition Queries
Join Queries
Subqueries
Compound Queries
Rows to Columns and Columns to Rows
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
START TRANSACTION
T
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
U
UPDATE
V
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Row Expression Function Whitelist
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Best Practices of SQL Queries
Best Practices for Permission Configuration
Best Practices for Data Skew Query
Quickly Locating Tables That Cause Data Skew
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Overview
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprograms
Standalone Subprograms
Nested Subprograms
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic Interfaces
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_DESCRIBE
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_COMPRESSION
DBE_FILE
DBE_HEAT_MAP
DBE_ILM
DBE_ILM_ADMIN
DBE_LOB
DBE_MATCH
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_RAW
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_SESSION
DBE_SQL
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
DBE_DESCRIBE
prvt_ilm
DBE_XMLGEN
Retry Management
Debugging
Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
Partitioned Table
PG_PARTITION
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ILM
GS_ILM_OBJECT
GS_ILM_JOBDETAIL
GS_ILM_PARAM
GS_ILM_POLICY
GS_ILM_TASK
GS_ILM_TASKDETAIL
GS_ILM_TICKER
Encrypted Equality Query
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
Communications
PGXC_NODE
Ledger Database
GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL
GS_SPM_PARAM
GS_SPM_BASELINE
GS_SPM_EVOLUTION
GS_SPM_ID_HASH_JOIN
AI
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_ABO_MODEL_STATISTIC
Auditing
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
User and Permission Management
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
Connection and Authentication
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
DATABASE LINK
GS_DATABASE_LINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
Other System Catalogs
GS_ASP
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SECURITY_LABEL
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SET
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
Partitioned Table
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ADM_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMOBJECTS
GS_ADM_ILMPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_ADM_ILMPARAMETERS
GS_ADM_ILMRESULTS
GS_ADM_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_MY_ILMRESULTS
GS_MY_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_MY_ILMOBJECTS
GS_MY_ILMPOLICIES
Communications
COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_LIBCOMM_FD_INFO
GS_LIBCOMM_MEMORY_INFO
GS_STATIC_THREADPOOL_CTRL_STATUS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
Segment-Page Storage
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_DATAFILES
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_EXTENTS
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_DATAFILES
GS_SEG_DATAFILE_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENT_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_SEGMENTS
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL_BASELINE
GS_SPM_SQL_PARAM
GS_SPM_SQL_EVOLUTION
GS_SPM_SYS_BASELINE
Auditing
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
User and Permission Management
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_USERS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_DIRECTORIES
DB_TAB_PRIVS
DB_USERS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_LABELS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SHADOW
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING
Transparent Encryption
PG_TDE_INFO
DATABASE LINK
GS_DB_LINKS
V$DBLINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEWS
Other System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DUAL
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_BUCKET_LOCKS
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$GLOBAL_OPEN_CURSOR
V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
V$LOCK
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$OPEN_CURSOR
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
Discarded
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
PERF_QUERY
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session and Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
Cache and I/O
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Communication Library
COMM_DELAY
GLOBAL_COMM_DELAY
COMM_RECV_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_RECV_STREAM
COMM_SEND_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_SEND_STREAM
COMM_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_STATUS
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Memory
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_NG_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
TRACK_MEMORY_CONTEXT_DETAIL
Wait Event
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
WAIT_EVENT_INFO
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_CGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_CONTROLGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_RESOURCEPOOL_RUNTIME
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
LOCAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
GLOBAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
Global Plan Cache
LOCAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
LOCAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS
GLOBAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
ai_watchdog_ftask_status
Discarded
Query
GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
WDR Snapshot Data Table
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
Configuring GUC Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (gaussdb.conf)
Communications Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Hotspot Key Statistics
Autovacuum
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Product Version of the Cloud Service
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
Transaction Monitoring
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
GTM Parameters
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Event
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Undo
Rollback Parameters
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Ledger Database
Creating an Index Online
Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
Session-level Transaction Pushdown and Related Parameters
Enhanced TOAST
Reserved Parameters
Appendix
Exporting WDR and ASP Reports
WDRs
Database Stat
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
ASP Report Information
FAQs
What is the maximum number of columns in a single GaussDB table?
How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
What is OID?
What is UDF?
What wildcards are supported in GaussDB? How do I use them?
Is there a limit on the length of a database object name?
How do I view the creation time of a table?
How do I create indexes in parallel?
How do I create an auto-increment column?
Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
How do I determine whether a column is null?
How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
How do I query the time difference between two time points?
What are the types of SQL languages?
What is the function of a trigger?
What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
Developer Guide(Centralized_8.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating Tables
Inserting Data to Tables
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Tool Interconnection
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Obtaining the Driver Package
Development Based on JDBC
JDBC Packages, Driver Classes, and Environment Classes
Development Process
Loading the Driver
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Log Management
Examples: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MY
Example: Logic Replication Code
Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
PGobject
Common JDBC Parameters
Troubleshooting
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Mapping for JDBC Data Types
Development Based on ODBC
ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files
Development Process
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
libpq Package, Dependent Library, and Header Files
Development Process
Example
libpq Interface Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQconninfoParse
PQconnectStart
PQerrorMessage
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQclear
PQexec
PQexecParams
PQexecParamsBatch
PQexecPrepared
PQexecPreparedBatch
PQfname
PQgetvalue
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQprepare
PQresultStatus
PQfnumberEx
Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Connection Parameters
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Psycopg Package
Example: Common Operations
Example: Vector Scenario
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
curosr.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ECPG Components
ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Executing SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Managing Transactions
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing Statements Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
C-Structure SQLDA
Examples
ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Types
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Compatibility Reference
Commissioning
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
Hint-based Optimization
Plan Hint Optimization
Hints for Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hints for Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
Hints for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hints for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Query Rewriting Hints
Outline Hints
Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
Hints for Specifying the Stream Hashagg Optimization
Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
Introduction to Plan Trace
Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
Optimization Cases
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for the JOIN Columns
Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
SQL Reference
GaussDB SQL
Keywords
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL Type
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
XML Type
XMLType
Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
SET Type
ACLItem Type
Array Types
Vector Data Types
Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
Database-level Character Sets and Collations
Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
Table-level Character Sets and Collations
Column-level Character Sets and Collations
Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Ledger Database Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Hash Bucket System Functions
Other Functions
Undo System Functions
SPM Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Functions
Prompt Message Function
Global Temporary Table Functions
Fault Injection System Function
AI Feature Functions
Sensitive Data Discovery Function
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
Other System Functions
Internal Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
Pivot Table Functions
UUID Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
Vector Calculation Interfaces and Functions
Vector Distance Calculation Interface
Vector Operation Function Interface
Vector Functions and Operators
Deprecated Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Time Interval Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
Other Syntax List
A
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER EVENT
ALTER EXTENSION
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER PACKAGE
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER USER MAPPING
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
B
BEGIN
C
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE CAST
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE EVENT
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
CREATE PACKAGE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SECURITY LABEL
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE USER MAPPING
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
D
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CAST
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP EVENT
DROP EXTENSION
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP OPERATOR
DROP OWNED
DROP PACKAGE
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP RULE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SECURITY LABEL
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP USER MAPPING
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
E
EXECUTE
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
F
FETCH
G
GRANT
I
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP RECOVER
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
INSERT
L
LOAD DATA
LOAD DATA (for gs_loader)
LOCK
LOCK BUCKETS
M
MARK BUCKETS
MERGE INTO
MOVE
P
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
R
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RENAME TABLE
REPLACE
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
S
SAVEPOINT
SECURITY LABEL ON
SELECT
Simple Queries
Conditional Queries
Group Queries
Pagination Queries
Partition Queries
Join Queries
Subqueries
Hierarchical Queries
Compound Queries
Rows to Columns and Columns to Rows
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHOW EVENTS
SHUTDOWN
SNAPSHOT
START TRANSACTION
T
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
U
UPDATE
V
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Extended Syntax
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Row Expression Function Whitelist
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Best Practices of SQL Queries
Best Practices for Permission Configuration
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedure
Stored Procedure
Data Types
User-defined Subtypes
Data Type Conversion
Arrays, Collections, and Records
Arrays
Use of Array Types
Functions Supported by Arrays
Collections
Use of Collection Types
Collection Functions
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprogram
Standalone Subprograms
Package Subprograms
Nested Subprograms
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Management
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic Interfaces
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_DESCRIBE
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_COMPRESSION
DBE_FILE
DBE_HEAT_MAP
DBE_ILM
DBE_ILM_ADMIN
DBE_LOB
DBE_MATCH
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_PROFILER
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_RAW
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_SESSION
DBE_SQL
DBE_STATS
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
DBE_DESCRIBE
prvt_ilm
DBE_XMLGEN
Retry Management
Debugging
Package
Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Package Supporting Autonomous Transaction
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
Partitioned Table
PG_PARTITION
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ILM
GS_ILM_JOBDETAIL
GS_ILM_OBJECT
GS_ILM_PARAM
GS_ILM_POLICY
GS_ILM_TASK
GS_ILM_TASKDETAIL
GS_ILM_TICKER
Encrypted Equality Query
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
Communications
PGXC_NODE
Ledger Database
GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL
GS_SPM_BASELINE
GS_SPM_ID_HASH_JOIN
GS_SPM_PARAM
GS_SPM_EVOLUTION
AI
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_ABO_MODEL_STATISTIC
Auditing
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
User and Permission Management
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
Connection and Authentication
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
DATABASE LINK
GS_DATABASE_LINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
Other System Catalogs
GS_ASP
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_PACKAGE
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SECURITY_LABEL
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SET
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
Partitioned Table
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_INDEXES
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
OLTP Table Compression
GS_ADM_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMOBJECTS
GS_ADM_ILMPOLICIES
GS_ADM_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_ADM_ILMPARAMETERS
GS_ADM_ILMRESULTS
GS_ADM_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMEVALUATIONDETAILS
GS_MY_ILMRESULTS
GS_MY_ILMTASKS
GS_MY_ILMDATAMOVEMENTPOLICIES
GS_MY_ILMOBJECTS
GS_MY_ILMPOLICIES
Communications
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
Segment-Page Storage
GS_SEG_DATAFILES
GS_SEG_DATAFILE_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SEGMENT_LAYOUT
GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_EXTENTS
GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_SEGMENTS
SPM
GS_SPM_SQL_BASELINE
GS_SPM_SQL_PARAM
GS_SPM_SQL_EVOLUTION
GS_SPM_SYS_BASELINE
Auditing
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
User and Permission Management
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_USERS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_DIRECTORIES
DB_TAB_PRIVS
DB_USERS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_LABELS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SHADOW
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
Dynamic Data Masking
GS_MASKING
Transparent Encryption
PG_TDE_INFO
DATABASE LINK
GS_DB_LINKS
V$DBLINK
Materialized Views
GS_MATVIEWS
Other System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_RECYCLEBIN
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_ERRORS
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DUAL
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
GS_FILE_STAT
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_INSTANCE_TIME
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_OS_RUN_INFO
GS_REDO_STAT
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SESSION_STAT
GS_SESSION_TIME
GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_ERRORS
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_RECYCLEBIN
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_GTT_RELSTATS
PG_GTT_STATS
PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PLAN_TABLE
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
V$LOCK
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$OPEN_CURSOR
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
Discarded
System Views
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
NODE_NAME
PERF_QUERY
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session/Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_HISTORY
GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
Cache/IO
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Events
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
Global Plancache
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
ai_watchdog_ftask_status
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
WDR Snapshot Data Table
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
DB4AI Schema
DB4AI.SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.ARCHIVE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PUBLISH_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.MANAGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.SAMPLE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DBE_PLDEVELOPER
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_errors
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
Configuring GUC Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (gaussdb.conf)
Communications Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Data Import and Export
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
SPM
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Autovacuum
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Product Version of the Cloud Service
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Transaction
Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Events
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
Global Temporary Table
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
Undo
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Rollback Parameters
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Delimiter
Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
Ledger Database
Creating an Index Online
Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
Vector Database Parameters
Enhanced TOAST
Reserved Parameters
FAQ
What is the maximum number of columns in a single GaussDB table?
How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
What is OID?
What is UDF?
What wildcards are supported in GaussDB? How do I use them?
Is there a limit on the length of a database object name?
How do I view the creation time of a table?
How do I create indexes in parallel?
How do I create an auto-increment column?
Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
How do I determine whether a column is null?
How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
How do I query the time difference between two time points?
What are the types of SQL languages?
What is the function of a trigger?
What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
Developer Guide(Distributed_3.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to a Table
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Tool Interconnection
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Obtaining the Driver Package
Development Based on JDBC
JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Log Management
Examples: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Logical Replication Code
Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
Common JDBC Parameters
FAQs
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Error Is Reported When Verification Is Enabled for Data Insertion in the Hibernate Framework
Mapping for JDBC Data Types
Development Based on ODBC
ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files
Development Process
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
libpq Package, Dependent Library, and Header File
Development Process
Examples
libpq Interface Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQbackendPID
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQexec
PQprepare
PQresultStatus
PQclear
Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Connection Parameters
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Development Procedure
Examples: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
curosr.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ecpg Components
ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Running SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Transaction
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-Primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-Primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing a Statement Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives: define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
SQLDA
Examples
ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Type
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
Debugging
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Parameterized Path Hint
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
Tuning with SQL PATCH
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
SQL Reference
SQL
Keywords
Data Type
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL Types
Range Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
XML Type
XMLType
ACLItem
Array Types
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Undo System Functions
Other Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Fault Injection System Function
Redistribution Parameters
Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
Other System Functions
Internal Functions
AI Feature Functions
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hotkey Feature Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER COORDINATOR
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER NODE
ALTER NODE GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE NODE
CREATE NODE GROUP
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP NODE
DROP NODE GROUP
DROP OWNED
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP RECOVER
INSERT
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
LOCK
MOVE
MERGE INTO
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
REASSIGN OWNED
REINDEX
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
START TRANSACTION
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
Extended Functions
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Checking a Node Where a Table Resides
Best Practices of SQL Queries
Best Practices for Data Skew Query
Quickly Locating Tables That Cause Data Skew
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Overview
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprograms
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic APIs
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation APIs (Recommended)
DBE_LOB
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RAW
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_SQL
DBE_FILE
DBE_SESSION
DBE_MATCH
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
Retry Management
Debugging
Autonomous Transaction
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_ASP
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_DATABASE_LINK
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SET
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_REDISTB
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
COMM_CLIENT_INFO
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_DB_LINKS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATS
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_NG_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
TRACK_MEMORY_CONTEXT_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session and Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
STATEMENT_HISTORY
Cache and I/O
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Communication Library
COMM_DELAY
GLOBAL_COMM_DELAY
COMM_RECV_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_RECV_STREAM
COMM_SEND_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_SEND_STREAM
COMM_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_STATUS
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Event
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
WAIT_EVENT_INFO
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_CGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_CONTROLGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_RESOURCEPOOL_RUNTIME
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
LOCAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
GLOBAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
Global Plan Cache
LOCAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
Discarded
Query
GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
Global Plancache
LOCAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS
GLOBAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
WDR Snapshot Data Table
WDR Information
Database Stat
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
Configuring Running Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Hotspot Key Statistics
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
Transaction Monitoring
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
GTM Parameters
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Event
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Collaborative Analysis
Acceleration Cluster
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Full Text Search
Backup and Restoration
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Reserved Parameters
Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Undo
Rollback Parameters
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Developer Guide(Centralized_3.x)
Database System Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Database Security
Users and Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrators
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Database Audit
Database Quick Start
Connecting to a Database
Using gsql to Connect to a Database
APIs
Operating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to a Table
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying System Catalogs
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Tool Interconnection
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Obtaining the Driver Package
Development Based on JDBC
JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Log Management
Examples: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MY
Example: Logical Replication Code
Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
JDBC API Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
PGobject
Common JDBC Parameters
Troubleshooting
Incorrect batchMode Settings
Mapping for JDBC Data Types
Development Based on ODBC
ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files
Development Process
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Development Based on libpq
libpq Package, Dependent Library, and Header File
Development Process
Examples
libpq API Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQconninfoParse
PQconnectStart
PQerrorMessage
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQclear
PQexec
PQexecParams
PQexecParamsBatch
PQexecPrepared
PQexecPreparedBatch
PQfname
PQgetvalue
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQprepare
PQresultStatus
Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Connection Parameters
Psycopg-based Development
Development Process
Development Procedure
Examples: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
curosr.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Development Based on the Go Driver
Setting Up the Go Driver Environment
Development Process
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
ECPG-based Development
Development Process
ecpg Components
ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
Managing Database Connections
Connecting to a Database
Managing Connections
Running SQL Commands
Executing SQL Statements
Using Cursors
Managing Transactions
Prepared Statements
Embedded SQL Commands
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
CONNECT
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
DECLARE
DESCRIBE
DISCONECT
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
GET DESCRIPTOR
OPEN
PREPARE
SET AUTOCOMMIT
SET CONNECTION
SET DESCRIPTOR
TYPE
VAR
WHENEVER
Querying the Result Set
Closing a Database Connection
Host Variables
Overview
DECLARE Section
Retrieving Query Results
Type Mapping
Handling Character Strings
Host Variables with Non-Primitive Types
Accessing Special Data Types
Handling Non-Primitive SQL Data Types
Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
Executing a Statement Without a Result Set
Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
Executing a Statement with a Result Set
Error Handling
Setting Callbacks
sqlca
SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Preprocessor Directives
Including Files
Directives: ifdef, ifndef, else, elif, and endif
Directives: define and undef
Using Library Functions
SQL Descriptor Area
Named SQLDA
C-Structure SQLDA
Examples
ECPG API Reference
Interval Type
Numeric Type
Date Type
Timestamp Type
Debugging
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
Bitmap Scan Hints
Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
AGG Hint
Introduction to Plan Trace
Tuning with SQL PATCH
Optimization Cases
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for the JOIN Column
Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
SQL Reference
SQL
Keywords
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
UUID
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL
Range
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
XML Type
XMLType
SET Type
ACLItem
Array Types
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Encrypted Functions and Operators
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Other Functions
Undo System Functions
SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Global Temporary Table Functions
Fault Injection System Function
AI Feature Functions
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
Other System Functions
Internal Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Functions of the XML Type
Functions of the XMLType Type
Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Pseudocolumn
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
ALTER EVENT
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE LINK
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER PACKAGE
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER USER MAPPING
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE CAST
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE EVENT
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
CREATE PACKAGE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE USER MAPPING
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CAST
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE LINK
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP EVENT
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP OPERATOR
DROP OWNED
DROP PACKAGE
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP RULE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP USER MAPPING
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXPDP DATABASE
EXPDP TABLE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
IMPDP RECOVER
IMPDP TABLE
IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
INSERT
LOCK
MERGE INTO
MOVE
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHOW EVENTS
SHUTDOWN
SNAPSHOT
START TRANSACTION
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
ALTER EXTENSION
CREATE EXTENSION
DROP EXTENSION
Appendix
Extended Functions
Extended Syntax
Dollar-Quoted String Constants
DATABASE LINK
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data type
Best Practices of SQL Queries
User-defined Functions
PL/SQL Functions
Stored Procedure
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays, Collections, and Records
Arrays
Use of Array Types
Functions Supported by Arrays
Collections
Use of Collection Types
Collection Functions
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Management
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic Interfaces
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
DBE_XML
Secondary Encapsulation Interfaces (Recommended)
DBE_LOB
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RAW
DBE_TASK
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_SQL
DBE_FILE
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_SESSION
DBE_MATCH
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
DBE_XMLDOM
DBE_XMLPARSER
Retry Management
Debugging
Package
Autonomous Transaction
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Package Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_ASP
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_DATABASE_LINK
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_DEPENDENCIES
GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_PACKAGE
GS_PLAN_TRACE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_SET
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
System Views
ADM_ARGUMENTS
ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_COL_PRIVS
ADM_COLL_TYPES
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_DEPENDENCIES
ADM_DIRECTORIES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_RECYCLEBIN
ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
ADM_ROLES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
ADM_SEGMENTS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_SYS_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_COLS
ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
ADM_TAB_PRIVS
ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_TYPES
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_ARGUMENTS
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_COL_PRIVS
DB_COLL_TYPES
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_ERRORS
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_PART_INDEXES
DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_TYPES
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
DV_SESSIONS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
GS_DB_LINKS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_FILE_STAT
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_INSTANCE_TIME
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
GS_OS_RUN_INFO
GS_REDO_STAT
GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SESSION_STAT
GS_SESSION_TIME
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
GV_INSTANCE
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_COL_PRIVS
MY_COLL_TYPES
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_DEPENDENCIES
MY_ERRORS
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_INDEXES
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_RECYCLEBIN
MY_ROLE_PRIVS
MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_SYS_PRIVS
MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_STATISTICS
MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_TABLES
MY_TABLESPACES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_TYPE_ATTRS
MY_TYPES
MY_VIEWS
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_GTT_RELSTATS
PG_GTT_STATS
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATS
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PLAN_TABLE
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
SYS_DUMMY
V_INSTANCE
V_MYSTAT
V_SESSION
V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$VERSION
Discarded
System Views
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
NODE_NAME
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session/Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_HISTORY
Cache/IO
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Events
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
Global Plancache
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
AI Watchdog
ai_watchdog_monitor_status
ai_watchdog_detection_warnings
ai_watchdog_parameters
Discarded
Query
GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
WDR Snapshot Data Table
WDR Information
Database Stat
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DB4AI Schema
DB4AI.SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.ARCHIVE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PUBLISH_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.MANAGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DB4AI.SAMPLE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT
DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL
DBE_PLDEVELOPER
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source
DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_errors
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
Configuring Running Parameters
Viewing Parameters
Setting Parameters
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O
Data Import and Export
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Transaction
Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Audit
CM Parameters
Parameters Related to cm_agent
Parameters Related to cm_server
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Events
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
Global Temporary Table
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
Undo
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Rollback Parameters
Reserved Parameters
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Parameters Related to the Efficient Data Compression Algorithm
Restoring Data on the Standby Node
Delimiter
Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
Developer Guide(Distributed_2.x)
Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Working with Databases
Connecting to a Database
APIs
Before You Start
Creating and Managing Databases
Planning a Storage Model
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to a Table
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying a System Catalog
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Jobs
gsql Client Reference
Overview
How to Use gsql
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Development and Design Proposal
Overview
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Tool Interconnection
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Selecting a Storage Model
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using PCKs
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Checking a Node Where a Table Resides
Best Practices of Data Import
Best Practices of SQL Queries
Best Practices for Data Skew Query
Detecting Storage Skew in Real Time During Data Import
Quickly Locating Tables That Cause Data Skew
Tutorial: Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
Overview
Prerequisites
Step 1: Preparing Source Data
Step 2: Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS on a Data Server
Step 3: Creating a Foreign Table in GaussDB
Step 4: Importing Data to GaussDB
Step 5: Analyzing and Handling Import Errors
Step 6: Improving Query Efficiency After Data Import
Step 7: Stopping GDS
Step 8: Cleaning Up Resources
Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Obtaining the Driver Package
Development Based on JDBC
JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Log Management
Example: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL
Example: Logic Replication Code
Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
JDBC Interface Reference
Development Based on ODBC
ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
Development Process
Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
ODBC Interface Reference
Development Based on libpq
Dependent Header Files of libpq
Development Process
Example
libpq Interface Reference
Link Parameters
Psycopg-based Development
Psycopg Package
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing the Connection
Connecting the Database (Using SSL)
Example: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
Database Security Management
Checking the Number of Database Connections
Managing Users and Their Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrator
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
Setting User Permissions
Row-Level Access Control
Database Audit
Importing Data
Importing Data in Parallel Using Foreign Tables
Parallel Data Import
Tutorial and Best Practice
Preparing Source Data
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Stopping GDS
Examples
Example 1: Importing Data in Normal Mode
Example 2: Importing Data in Shared Mode
Example 3: Importing Data in Private Mode
Running the INSERT Statement to Insert Data
Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN
Introduction to the CopyManager Class
Example 1: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example 2: Migrating Data from a MySQL Database
Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
Updating Data in a Table
Updating a Table by Using DML Statements
Updating and Inserting Data by Using the MERGE INTO Statement
Deep Copy
Performing a Deep Copy by Using the CREATE TABLE Statement
Performing a Deep Copy by Using the CREATE TABLE LIKE Statement
Performing a Deep Copy by Creating a Temporary Table and Truncating the Original Table
Checking for Data Skew
Analyzing Tables
Doing VACUUM to a Table
Managing Concurrent Write Operations
Transaction Isolation
Write and Read/Write Operations
Potential Deadlocks During Concurrent Write
Concurrent Write Examples
Concurrent INSERT and DELETE in the Same Table
Concurrent INSERT in the Same table
Concurrent UPDATE in the Same Table
Concurrent Data Import and Queries
Exporting Data
Exporting Data in Parallel Using a Foreign Table
Exporting Data In Parallel
Planning Data Export
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Stopping GDS
Examples
Performance Tuning
Overview
Determining the Scope of Performance Tuning
Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most
Checking Blocked Statements
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Optimization Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Storage Model
Selecting a Distribution Mode
Selecting Distribution Keys
Using PCKs
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Statement Pushdown
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Optimizing Data Skew
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Stream Operation Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Skew Hints
Parameterized Path Hint
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Plan Hint Cases
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning
Optimization Cases
Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
Case: Setting cost_param and Optimizing Query Performance
Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
Case: Adjusting Partial Clustering Keys
Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Model in a Medium Table
Case: Adjusting Partial Clustering Keys
Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (2)
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Case: Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
Case: Adjusting I/O Parameters to Reduce the Log Bloat Rate
Configuring Running Parameters
Viewing Parameter Values
Resetting Parameters
SQL Reference
GaussDB SQL
Keywords
Data Type
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
Text Search Types
UUID Type
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL
Range
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Data Types Supported by Column-store Tables
Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
ACLItem
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Arithmetic Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Ledger Database Functions
Encrypted Equality Functions
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Other Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Fault Injection System Function
Redistribution Parameters
Distribution Column Recommendation Functions
Other System Functions
Internal Functions
AI Feature Functions
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hotkey Feature Functions
Global SysCache Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Full Text Search
Introduction
Full-Text Retrieval
What Is a Document?
Basic Text Matching
Configurations
Tables and Indexes
Searching a Table
Creating an Index
Constraints on Index Use
Controlling Text Search
Parsing Documents
Parsing Queries
Ranking Search Results
Highlighting Results
Additional Features
Manipulating tsvector
Manipulating Queries
Rewriting Queries
Gathering Document Statistics
Parser
Dictionaries
Overview
Stop Words
Simple Dictionary
Synonym Dictionary
Thesaurus Dictionary
Ispell Dictionary
Snowball Dictionary
Configuration Examples
Testing and Debugging Text Search
Testing a Configuration
Testing an Age Parser
Testing a Dictionary
Limitations
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER COORDINATOR
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATA SOURCE
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for Import and Export)
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER LARGE OBJECT
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER NODE
ALTER NODE GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ALTER WORKLOAD GROUP
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATA SOURCE
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for Import and Export)
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE NODE
CREATE NODE GROUP
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATA SOURCE
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP NODE
DROP NODE GROUP
DROP OWNED
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
DROP WORKLOAD GROUP
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
INSERT
LOCK
MOVE
MERGE INTO
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
REASSIGN OWNED
REINDEX
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
START TRANSACTION
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
GIN Indexes
Introduction
Scalability
Implementation
GIN Tips and Tricks
Extended Functions
Stored Procedures
Overview
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays and Records
Arrays
Records
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprograms
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-Query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
Basic Interfaces
PKG_SERVICE
PKG_UTIL
Secondary Encapsulation Interfaces (Recommended)
DBE_LOB
DBE_RANDOM
DBE_OUTPUT
DBE_RAW
DBE_TASK
DBE_UTILITY
DBE_SQL
DBE_FILE
DBE_SESSION
DBE_MATCH
DBE_SCHEDULER
DBE_APPLICATION_INFO
Retry Management
Debugging
Autonomous Transaction
Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction
Restrictions
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_ASP
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OBSSCANINFO
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL
GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OBSSCANINFO
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_PUBLICATION
PG_PUBLICATION_REL
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SUBSCRIPTION
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_REDISTB
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
System Views
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
COMM_CLIENT_INFO
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_DB_CU
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL
GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL
GS_WLM_USER_INFO
GS_WLM_USER_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_INDEXES
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TABLES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_VIEWS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_VIEWS
PG_WLM_STATISTICS
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESPOOL
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
SYS_DUMMY
Schemas
Information Schema
_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS
_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS
_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES
_PG_USER_MAPPINGS
INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_NG_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
TRACK_MEMORY_CONTEXT_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session and Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
STATEMENT_HISTORY
Cache and I/O
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
Communication Library
COMM_DELAY
GLOBAL_COMM_DELAY
COMM_RECV_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_RECV_STREAM
COMM_SEND_STREAM
GLOBAL_COMM_SEND_STREAM
COMM_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_STATUS
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Event
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
WAIT_EVENT_INFO
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_EC_HISTORY
OPERATOR_EC_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_EC_RUNTIME
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_EC_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_EC_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_EC_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_CGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_CONTROLGROUP_CONFIG
WLM_CONTROLGROUP_NG_CONFIG
WLM_RESOURCEPOOL_RUNTIME
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
WLM_WORKLOAD_HISTORY_INFO
WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_WLM_WORKLOAD_RUNTIME
LOCAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
GLOBAL_IO_WAIT_INFO
Global Plan Cache
LOCAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
LOCAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS (Discarded)
GLOBAL_PREPARE_STATEMENT_STATUS (Discarded)
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
WDR Snapshot Data Table
Performance Report Generated Based on WDR Snapshots
WDRs
Database Stat
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
GTM Mode
Materialized View
Full Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Incremental Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O Operations
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Hotspot Key Statistics
Workload Management
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Auditing
Transaction Monitoring
CM Parameters
CM Agent Parameters
CM Server Parameters
GTM Parameters
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Event
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Collaborative Analysis
Acceleration Cluster
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Full Text Search
Backup and Restoration
AI Features
Global SysCache Parameters
Reserved Parameters
Error Log Reference
Kernel Error Information
CM Error Information
API Reference
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
ODBC Interface Reference
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
libpq Interface Reference
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQbackendPID
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQexec
PQprepare
PQresultStatus
PQclear
Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Psycopg API Reference
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
cursor.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Developer Guide(Centralized_2.x)
Overview
Database Logical Architecture
Query Request Handling Process
Managing Transactions
Concepts
Working with Databases
Connecting to a Database
APIs
Before You Start
Creating and Managing Databases
Planning a Storage Model
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating Tables
Inserting Data to Tables
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Querying a System Catalog
Other Operations
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
gsql
gsql Overview
Usage Guidelines
Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Development and Design Proposal
Development and Design Proposal
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Field Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
Tool Interconnection
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
Best Practices
Best Practices of Table Design
Selecting a Storage Model
Using Partial Cluster Keys (PCKs)
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data type
Best Practices of Data Import
Best Practices of SQL Queries
Application Development Guide
Development Specifications
Obtaining the Driver Package
Development Based on JDBC
JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
Development Process
Loading the Driver
Connecting to a Database
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
Running SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing a Connection
Log Management
Examples: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MY
Example: Logic Replication Code
Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
JDBC API Reference
Development Based on ODBC
ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
Development Process
Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding
Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations
ODBC Interface Reference
Development Based on libpq
Dependent Header Files of libpq
Development Process
Example
libpq API Reference
Link Parameters
Psycopg-based Development
Psycopg Package
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to the Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing the Result Set
Closing the Connection
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Example: Common Operations
Psycopg API Reference
Development Based on the Go Driver
Go Driver Package and Driver Class
Go Code Project Structure
Development Process
Connecting to the Database
Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
Go APIs
Database Security Management
Checking the Number of Database Connections
Managing Users and Their Permissions
Default Permission Mechanism
Administrator
Separation of Duties
Users
Roles
Schemas
Setting User Permissions
Row-Level Security Policy
Setting Security Policies
Setting Account Security Policies
Setting the Validity Period of an Account
Setting Password Security Policies
Configuring Database Audit
Overview
Querying Audit Results
Maintaining Audit Logs
API Reference
JDBC
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
PGReplicationConnection
PGReplicationStream
ChainedStreamBuilder
ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
ODBC
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Examples
libpq
Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdbParams
PQconnectdb
PQconninfoParse
PQconnectStart
PQerrorMessage
PQsetdbLogin
PQfinish
PQreset
PQstatus
Database Statement Execution Functions
PQclear
PQexec
PQexecParams
PQexecParamsBatch
PQexecPrepared
PQexecPreparedBatch
PQfname
PQgetvalue
PQnfields
PQntuples
PQprepare
PQresultStatus
Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQuery
PQsendQueryParams
PQsendPrepare
PQsendQueryPrepared
PQflush
Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress
PQgetCancel
PQfreeCancel
PQcancel
Psycopg
psycopg2.connect()
connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query,vars_list)
curosr.executemany(query,vars_list)
connection.commit()
connection.rollback()
cursor.fetchone()
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
Go
sql.Open
type DB
type Stmt
type Tx
type Rows
type Row
type ColumnType
type Result
Importing Data
Running the INSERT Statement to Insert Data
Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN
Introduction to the CopyManager Class
Handling Import Errors
Example 1: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example 2: Migrating Data from MY
Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
Updating Data in a Table
Updating a Table by Using DML Statements
Updating and Inserting Data by Using the MERGE INTO Statement
Deep Copy
Performing a Deep Copy by Using the CREATE TABLE Statement
Performing a Deep Copy by Using the CREATE TABLE LIKE Statement
Performing a Deep Copy by Creating a Temporary Table and Truncating the Original Table
Analyzing Tables
Doing VACUUM to a Table
Managing Concurrent Write Operations
Transaction Isolation
Write and Read/Write Operations
Potential Deadlocks During Concurrent Write
Concurrent Write Examples
Concurrent INSERT and DELETE in the Same Table
Concurrent INSERT in the Same table
Concurrent UPDATE in the Same Table
Concurrent Data Import and Queries
Performance Tuning
Performance Tuning Process
Determining the Scope of Performance Tuning
Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most
Checking Blocked Statements
SQL Optimization
Query Execution Process
Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
Overview
Description
Tuning Process
Updating Statistics
Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
Overview
Selecting a Storage Model
Using PCKs
Using Partitioned Tables
Selecting a Data Type
Typical SQL Optimization Methods
Optimizing SQL Self-Diagnosis
Optimizing Subqueries
Optimizing Statistics
Optimizing Operators
Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
Resetting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning
Hint-based Tuning
Plan Hint Optimization
Join Order Hints
Join Operation Hints
Rows Hints
Scan Operation Hints
Sublink Name Hints
Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
Hint Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning
Optimization Cases
Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
Case: Adjusting I/O Parameters to Reduce the Log Bloat Rate
Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (2)
Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
Configuring Running Parameters
Viewing Parameter Values
Resetting Parameters
SQL Reference
SQL
Keywords
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Types
Character Types
Binary Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
Text Search Types
UUID
JSON/JSONB Types
HLL
Range
OID Types
Pseudo-Types
Data Types Supported by Column-store Tables
Data Type Used by the Ledger Database
ACLItem
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Mode Matching Operators
Mathematical Functions and Operators
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Network Address Functions and Operators
Text Search Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
HLL Functions and Operators
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Range Functions and Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Ledger Database Functions
Encrypted Equality Functions
Set Returning Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signal Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
DR Control Functions for Dual Database Instances
DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Database Object Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Logical Replication Functions
Segment-Page Storage Functions
Other Functions
Undo System Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
Hash Function
Prompt Message Function
Global Temporary Table Functions
Fault Injection System Function
Dynamic Data Masking Functions
Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
Other System Functions
Internal Functions
Global SysCache Feature Functions
Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
Obsolete Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Condition Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Full Text Search
Introduction
Full-Text Retrieval
What Is a Document?
Basic Text Matching
Configurations
Tables and Indexes
Searching a Table
Creating an Index
Constraints on Index Use
Controlling Text Search
Parsing Documents
Parsing Queries
Ranking Search Results
Highlighting Results
Additional Features
Manipulating tsvector
Manipulating Queries
Rewriting Queries
Gathering Document Statistics
Parser
Dictionaries
Overview
Stop Words
Simple Dictionary
Synonym Dictionary
Thesaurus Dictionary
Ispell Dictionary
Snowball Dictionary
Configuration Examples
Testing and Debugging Text Search
Testing a Configuration
Testing a Parser
Testing a Dictionary
Limitations
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax Overview
DML Syntax Overview
DCL Syntax Overview
SQL Syntax
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATA SOURCE
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ALTER DIRECTORY
ALTER EXTENSION
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER LARGE OBJECT
ALTER MASKING POLICY
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER PUBLICATION
ALTER PACKAGE
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER USER MAPPING
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
BEGIN
CALL
CHECKPOINT
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY
CREATE CAST
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATA SOURCE
CREATE DIRECTORY
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE MASKING POLICY
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
CREATE MODEL
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE PACKAGE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE PUBLICATION
CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE USER MAPPING
CREATE VIEW
CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
CURSOR
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP AUDIT POLICY
DROP CAST
DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
DROP DATABASE
DROP DATA SOURCE
DROP DIRECTORY
DROP EXTENSION
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP MASKING POLICY
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MODEL
DROP OPERATOR
DROP OWNED
DROP PACKAGE
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE LABEL
DROP ROLE
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP RULE
DROP PUBLICATION
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SUBSCRIPTION
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP USER MAPPING
DROP VIEW
DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
EXECUTE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
FETCH
GRANT
INSERT
LOCK
MERGE INTO
MOVE
PREDICT BY
PREPARE
PREPARE TRANSACTION
PURGE
REASSIGN OWNED
REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
SHUTDOWN
SNAPSHOT
START TRANSACTION
TIMECAPSULE TABLE
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
Appendix
GIN Indexes
Introduction
Scalability
Implementation
GIN Tips and Tricks
Extended Functions
Extended Syntax
Stored Procedure
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays, Sets, and Records
Arrays
Sets
record
DECLARE Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Blocks
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statements
Assignment Statements
Call Statements
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Transaction Management
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Retry Management
Debugging
Package
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_ASP
GS_AUDITING_POLICY
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS
GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
GS_MASKING_POLICY
GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
GS_MATVIEW
GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
GS_OPT_MODEL
GS_PACKAGE
GS_POLICY_LABEL
GS_RECYCLEBIN
GS_SQL_PATCH
GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
GS_UID
GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_PLAN_ENCODING_TABLE
GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL
GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_DIRECTORY
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_HASHBUCKET
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OBSSCANINFO
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_PUBLICATION
PG_PUBLICATION_REL
PG_RANGE
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SUBSCRIPTION
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PGXC_SLICE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
STATEMENT_HISTORY
STREAMING_STREAM
STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
System Views
ADM_COL_COMMENTS
ADM_CONSTRAINTS
ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
ADM_DATA_FILES
ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
ADM_INDEXES
ADM_IND_COLUMNS
ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_PART_INDEXES
ADM_OBJECTS
ADM_PART_TABLES
ADM_PROCEDURES
ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
ADM_SEQUENCES
ADM_SOURCE
ADM_SYNONYMS
ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
ADM_TABLES
ADM_TABLESPACES
ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
ADM_TRIGGERS
ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
ADM_USERS
ADM_VIEWS
DB_ALL_TABLES
DB_COL_COMMENTS
DB_CONSTRAINTS
DB_CONS_COLUMNS
DB_DEPENDENCIES
DB_IND_COLUMNS
DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DB_IND_PARTITIONS
DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_INDEXES
DB_OBJECTS
DB_PROCEDURES
DB_PART_INDEXES
DB_PART_TABLES
DB_SEQUENCES
DB_SOURCE
DB_SYNONYMS
DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
DB_TAB_COLUMNS
DB_TAB_COMMENTS
DB_TABLES
DB_TRIGGERS
DB_USERS
DB_VIEWS
DV_SESSIONS
DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS (Discarded)
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_AUDITING
GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
GS_FILE_STAT
GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_INSTANCE_TIME
GS_LABELS
GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_MASKING
GS_MATVIEWS
GS_OS_RUN_INFO
GS_REDO_STAT
GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_STAT
GS_SESSION_TIME
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL
GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL
GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_USER_INFO
GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
GV_SESSION
MPP_TABLES
MY_COL_COMMENTS
MY_CONSTRAINTS
MY_CONS_COLUMNS
MY_INDEXES
MY_IND_COLUMNS
MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
MY_IND_PARTITIONS
MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_JOBS
MY_OBJECTS
MY_PART_INDEXES
MY_PART_TABLES
MY_PROCEDURES
MY_SEQUENCES
MY_SOURCE
MY_SYNONYMS
MY_TAB_COLUMNS
MY_TAB_COMMENTS
MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
MY_TABLES
MY_TRIGGERS
MY_VIEWS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_CURSORS
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_GTT_RELSTATS
PG_GTT_STATS
PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
PG_INDEXES
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_RLSPOLICIES
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VIEWS
PG_VARIABLE_INFO
PG_WLM_STATISTICS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PLAN_TABLE
SYS_DUMMY
Schemas
DBE_PERF Schema
OS
OS_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME
OS_THREADS
GLOBAL_OS_THREADS
NODE_NAME
Instance
INSTANCE_TIME
GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME
Memory
GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL
SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
File
FILE_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT
FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT
LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT
Object
STAT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
STAT_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
STAT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
STAT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
STAT_DATABASE
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
STAT_BAD_BLOCK
SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
Workload
WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
USER_TRANSACTION
GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION
Session/Thread
SESSION_STAT
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
SESSION_TIME
GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
SESSION_MEMORY
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
Transaction
TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS
TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS
Query
STATEMENT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT
STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
STATEMENT_HISTORY
GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
Cache/IO
STATIO_USER_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
STATIO_USER_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
STATIO_SYS_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
STATIO_ALL_TABLES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
Utility
REPLICATION_STAT
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
REPLICATION_SLOTS
GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
CLASS_VITAL_INFO
USER_LOGIN
SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
Lock
LOCKS
GLOBAL_LOCKS
Wait Events
WAIT_EVENTS
GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS
Configuration
CONFIG_SETTINGS
GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS
Operator
OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
OPERATOR_HISTORY
OPERATOR_RUNTIME
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE
GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME
Workload Manager
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG
WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME
Global Plancache
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS
GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN
RTO & RPO
global_rto_status
global_streaming_hadr_rto_and_rpo_stat
WDR Snapshot Schema
Original Information of WDR Snapshots
SNAPSHOT.SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOT.TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
SNAP_SEQ
WDR Snapshot Data Table
Performance Report Generated Based on WDR Snapshots
WDRs
Database Stat
Load Profile
Instance Efficiency Percentages
Top 10 Events by Total Wait Time
Wait Classes by Total Wait Time
Host CPU
IO Profile
Memory Statistics
Time Model
SQL Statistics
Wait Events
Cache IO Stats
Utility status
Object stats
Configuration settings
SQL Detail
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding by SQL Function Interfaces
Replicating Data Using the Logical Replication Tool
Publication-Subscription
Publications
Subscriptions
Conflicts
Restrictions
Architecture
Monitoring
Security
Configuration Settings
Quick Setup
Materialized View
Complete-refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Fast-refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
File Location
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Disk Space
Kernel Resource Usage
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Background Writer
Asynchronous I/O Operations
Write Ahead Log
Settings
Checkpoints
Log Replay
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Destination
Logging Time
Logging Content
Using CSV Log Output
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Workload Management
Automatic Vacuuming
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Locale and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Transaction
Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
Developer Options
Auditing
Audit Switch
User and Permission Audit
Operation Audit
CM Parameters
Parameters Related to cm_agent
Parameters Related to cm_server
Upgrade Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Wait Events
Query
System Performance Snapshot
Security Configuration
Global Temporary Table
HyperLogLog
User-defined Functions
Scheduled Task
Thread Pool
Backup and Restoration
Undo
DCF Parameters Settings
Flashback
Rollback Parameters
Reserved Parameters
Global SysCache Parameters
Error Log Reference
Kernel Error Information
CM Error Information
Tool Guide
Tool Guide(Distributed_8.x)
gsql
Overview
Usage Guidelines
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
gs_dump
gs_dumpall
gs_restore
Tool Guide(Centralized_8.x)
gsql
Overview
Usage Guidelines
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
gs_loader
gs_dump
gs_dumpall
gs_restore
Tool Guide(Distributed_3.x)
Overview
How to Use gsql
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Tool Guide(Centralized_3.x)
gsql
Overview
Usage Guidelines
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
gs_loader
Tool Guide(Distributed_2.x)
Overview
How to Use gsql
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
Tool Guide(Centralized_2.x)
gsql
Overview
Usage Guidelines
Obtaining Help Information
Command Reference
Meta-Command Reference
Troubleshooting
gs_loader
Feature Guide
Feature Guide(Distributed_8.x)
Materialized View
Complete-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Support and Constraints
Usage
Fast-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Support and Constraints
Usage
Setting Encrypted Equality Queries
Overview
Using gsql to Operate an Encrypted Database
Using JDBC to Operate an Encrypted Database
Forward Compatibility and Security Enhancement
Encrypted Functions and Stored Procedures
Partitioned Table
Large-Capacity Database
Background
Table Partitioning
Data Partition Query Optimization
Data Partition O&M Management
Introduction to Partitioned Tables
Basic Concepts
Partitioned Table
Partition
Partition Key
Partitioning Policy
Range Partitioning
Hash Partitioning
List Partitioning
Impact of Partitioned Tables on Import Performance
Basic Usage of Partitions
Creating Partitioned Tables
Using and Managing Partitioned Tables
DQL/DML Operations on a Partitioned Table
Partitioned Table Query Optimization
Partition Pruning
Static Partition Pruning
Dynamic Partition Pruning
Dynamic PBE Pruning
Dynamic Parameterized Path Pruning
Partitioned Indexes
Collecting Statistics on Partitioned Tables
Collecting Statistics in Cascading Mode
Collecting Partition-Level Statistics
Partitioned Table O&M Management
ADD PARTITION
Adding a Partition to a Range Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to a List Partitioned Table
DROP PARTITION
EXCHANGE PARTITION
TRUNCATE PARTITION
SPLIT PARTITION
Splitting a Partition for a Range Partitioned Table
Splitting a Partition for a List Partitioned Table
MERGE PARTITION
MOVE PARTITION
RENAME PARTITION
Renaming a Partition in a Partitioned Table
Renaming an Index Partition for a Local Index
ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes of a Partition
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes
Invalidating/Rebuilding Local Indexes of a Partition
System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
System Views Related to Partitioned Tables
Built-in Tool Functions Related to Partitioned Tables
Storage Engine
Storage Engine Architecture
Overview
Static Compilation Architecture
Database Service Layer
Setting Up a Storage Engine
Storage Engine Update Description
GaussDB Kernel 505
GaussDB Kernel 503
GaussDB Kernel R2
Astore
Overview
Ustore
Overview
Ustore Features and Specifications
Feature Constraints
Storage Specifications
Examples
Best Practices of Ustore
How Can I Configure init_td
How Can I Configure fillfactor
Online Verification
How Can I Configure the Size of Rollback Segments
Storage Format
RCR Uheap
RCR Uheap Multi-Version Management
RCR Uheap Visibility Mechanism
RCR Uheap Free Space Management
UB-Tree
PCR UB-Tree
RCR UB-Tree Multi-Version Management
RCR UB-Tree Visibility Mechanism
Adding, Deleting, Modifying, and Querying RCR UB-Tree
RCR UB-Tree Space Management
PCR UB-Tree
PCR UB-Tree Multi-Version Management
PCR UB-Tree Visibility Mechanism
Adding, Deleting, Modifying, and Querying PCR UB-Tree
PCR UB-Tree Space Management
Undo
Rollback Segment Management
File Structure
Space Management
Enhanced TOAST
Overview
Enhanced TOAST Storage Structure
Usage of Enhanced TOAST
Adding, Deleting, Modifying, and Querying Enhanced TOAST
DDL Operations Related to Enhanced TOAST
Enhanced TOAST O&M Management
Ustore Transaction Model
Transaction Commit
Transaction Rollback
Flashback
Flashback Query
Flashback Table
Flashback DROP/TRUNCATE
Common View Tools
Common Problems and Troubleshooting Methods
Snapshot Too Old
Undo Space Recycling Blocked by Long Transactions
Slow Undo Space Recycling Caused by Many Rollback Transactions
Storage Test Error
An Error "UBTreeSearch::read_page has conflict with recovery, please try again later" Is Reported when a Service Uses a Standby Node to Read Data
Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
Introduction
Feature Constraints
Feature Specifications
Usage Guide
Setting the Maintenance Window Parameters
O&M Tips
FDW
file_fdw
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding Options
Logical Decoding by SQL Functions
Logical Data Replication Using Streaming Decoding
Feature Guide(Centralized_8.x)
Materialized View
Complete-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Support and Constraints
Usage
Fast-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Support and Constraints
Usage
Setting Encrypted Equality Query
Overview
Using gsql to Operate an Encrypted Database
Using JDBC to Operate an Encrypted Database
Using Go Driver to Operate an Encrypted Database
Forward Compatibility and Security Enhancement
Encrypted Functions and Stored Procedures
Partitioned Table
Large-Capacity Database
Background
Table Partitioning
Data Partition Query Optimization
Data Partition O&M Management
Introduction to Partitioned Tables
Basic Concepts
Partitioned Table
Partition
Partition Key
Partitioning Policy
Range Partitioning
Interval Partitioning
Hash Partitioning
List Partitioning
Subpartitioning
Impact of Partitioned Tables on Import Performance
Basic Usage of Partitions
Creating Partitioned Tables
Using and Managing Partitioned Tables
DQL/DML Operations on a Partitioned Table
Partitioned Table Query Optimization
Partition Pruning
Static Partition Pruning
Dynamic Partition Pruning
Dynamic PBE Pruning
Dynamic Parameterized Path Pruning
Optimizing Partition Operator Execution
Elimination of the Partition Iterator Operator
Merge Append
Max/Min
Optimizing Performance of Importing Data to Partitions
Partitioned Indexes
Collecting Statistics on Partitioned Tables
Collecting Statistics in Cascading Mode
Collecting Partition-Level Statistics
Automatic Partitioning
Automatic Range Partitioning
Automatic List Partitioning
Automatic Partitioning of Level-1 Partitioned Tables
Automatic Partitioning of Level-2 Partitioned Tables
Enabling/Disabling Automatic Partitioning
Enabling/Disabling Automatic Range Partitioning
Enabling/Disabling Automatic Level-1 List Partitioning
Enabling/Disabling Automatic Level-2 List Partitioning
Automatic Partitioning Policy
Partitioned Table O&M Management
ADD PARTITION
Adding a Partition to a Range Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to an Interval Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to a List Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Adding a Level-2 Partition to a Level-2 Partitioned Table
DROP PARTITION
Deleting a Partition from a Partitioned Table
Deleting a Partition from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Deleting a Level-2 Partition from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
EXCHANGE PARTITION
Exchanging Partitions for a Partitioned Table
Exchanging Level-2 Partitions for a Level-2 Partitioned Table
TRUNCATE PARTITION
Clearing Partitions from a Partitioned Table
Clearing Partitions from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Clearing Level-2 Partitions from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
SPLIT PARTITION
Splitting a Partition for a Range Partitioned Table
Splitting a Partition for an Interval Partitioned Table
Splitting a Partition for a List Partitioned Table
Splitting a Level-2 Partition for a Level-2 *-Range Partitioned Table
Splitting a Level-2 Partition for a Level-2 *-List Partitioned Table
MERGE PARTITION
Merging Partitions for a Partitioned Table
Merging Level-2 Partitions for a Level-2 Partitioned Table
MOVE PARTITION
Moving Partitions for a Partitioned Table
Moving Level-2 Partitions for a Level-2 Partitioned Table
RENAME PARTITION
Renaming a Partition in a Partitioned Table
Renaming a Partition in a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Renaming a Level-2 Partition in a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Renaming an Index Partition for a Local Index
ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes of a Partition
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes
Invalidating/Rebuilding Local Indexes of a Partition
Partition Concurrency Control
Common Lock Design
DQL/DML-DQL/DML Concurrency
DQL/DML-DDL Concurrency
DDL-DDL Concurrency
System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
System Views Related to Partitioned Tables
Built-in Tool Functions Related to Partitioned Tables
Storage Engine
Storage Engine Architecture
Overview
Static Compilation Architecture
Database Service Layer
Setting Up a Storage Engine
Storage Engine Update Description
GaussDB Kernel 505
GaussDB Kernel 503
GaussDB Kernel R2
Astore
Overview
Ustore
Overview
Ustore Features and Specifications
Feature Constraints
Storage Specifications
Examples
Best Practices of Ustore
How Can I Configure init_td
How Can I Configure fillfactor
Online Verification
How Can I Configure the Size of Rollback Segments
Storage Format
RCR Uheap
RCR Uheap Multi-Version Management
RCR Uheap Visibility Mechanism
RCR Uheap Free Space Management
UB-Tree
RCR UB-Tree
RCR UB-Tree Multi-Version Management
RCR UB-Tree Visibility Mechanism
Adding, Deleting, Modifying, and Querying RCR UB-Tree
RCR UB-Tree Space Management
PCR UB-Tree
PCR UB-Tree Multi-Version Management
PCR UB-Tree Visibility Mechanism
Adding, Deleting, Modifying, and Querying PCR UB-Tree
PCR UB-Tree Space Management
Undo
Rollback Segment Management
File Structure
Space Management
Enhanced TOAST
Overview
Enhanced TOAST Storage Structure
Usage of Enhanced TOAST
Adding, Deleting, Modifying, and Querying Enhanced TOAST
DDL Operations Related to Enhanced TOAST
Enhanced TOAST O&M Management
Ustore Transaction Model
Transaction Commit
Transaction Rollback
Flashback
Flashback Query
Flashback Table
Flashback DROP/TRUNCATE
Common View Tools
Common Problems and Troubleshooting Methods
Snapshot Too Old
Undo Space Recycling Blocked by Long Transactions
Slow Undo Space Recycling Caused by Many Rollback Transactions
Storage Test Error
An Error "UBTreeSearch::read_page has conflict with recovery, please try again later" Is Reported when a Service Uses a Standby Node to Read Data
Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
Introduction
Feature Constraints
Feature Specifications
Usage Guide
Setting the Maintenance Window Parameters
O&M Tips
Foreign Data Wrapper
file_fdw
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding Options
Logical Decoding by SQL Functions
Logical Data Replication Using Stream Decoding
Logical Decoding of DDL Statements
Feature Guide(Distributed_3.x)
Materialized View
Complete-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Fast-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Setting Encrypted Equality Queries
Overview
Using gsql to Operate an Encrypted Database
Using JDBC to Operate an Encrypted Database
Enhancing Security in the Configuration Phase
Encrypted Functions and Stored Procedures
Partitioned Table
Large-Capacity Database
Background
Table Partitioning
Data Partition Query Optimization
Data Partition O&M Management
Introduction to Partitioned Tables
Basic Concepts
Partitioned Table
Partition
Partition Key
Partitioning Policy
Range Partitioning
Hash Partitioning
List Partitioning
Impact of Partitioned Tables on Import Performance
Basic Usage of Partitions
Creating Partitioned Tables
DML Statements for Querying Partitioned Tables
Partitioned Table Query Optimization
Partition Pruning
Static Partition Pruning
Dynamic Partition Pruning
Dynamic PBE Pruning
Dynamic Parameterized Path Pruning
Partitioned Indexes
Partitioned Table O&M Management
ADD PARTITION
Adding a Partition to a Range Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to a List Partitioned Table
DROP PARTITION
EXCHANGE PARTITION
TRUNCATE PARTITION
SPLIT PARTITION
Splitting a Partition for a Range Partitioned Table
Splitting a Partition for a List Partitioned Table
MERGE PARTITION
MOVE PARTITION
RENAME PARTITION
Renaming a Partition in a Partitioned Table
Renaming an Index Partition for a Local Index
ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes of a Partition
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes
Invalidating/Rebuilding Local Indexes of a Partition
System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
System Views Related to Partitioned Tables
Built-in Tool Functions Related to Partitioned Tables
Storage Engine
Storage Engine Architecture
Overview
Static Compilation Architecture
Database Service Layer
Setting Up a Storage Engine
Storage Engine Update Description
GaussDB 503
GaussDB R2
Astore
Overview
Ustore
Overview
Ustore Features and Specifications
Restrictions
Storage Specifications
Examples
Best Practices of Ustore
How Can I Configure init_td
How Can I Configure fillfactor
Collecting Statistics
Online Verification
How Can I Configure the Size of Rollback Segments
Storage Format
Relation
Page-based Row Consistency Read (PbRCR) Heap Multi-Version Management
PbPCR Heap Visibility Mechanism
Heap Space Management
Index
Row Consistency Read (RCR) UB-tree Multi-Version Management
RCR UB-Tree Visibility Mechanism
Inserting, Deleting, Updating, and Scanning UB-Tree
UB-Tree Space Management
Undo
Rollback Segment Management
File Structure
Undo Space Management
Ustore Transaction Model
Transaction Commit
Transaction Rollback
Flashback
Flashback Query
Flashback Table
Flashback DROP/TRUNCATE
Common View Tools
Common Problems and Troubleshooting Methods
Snapshot Too Old
Undo Space Recycling Blocked by Long Transactions
Slow Undo Space Recycling Caused by Many Rollback Transactions
Storage Test Error
An Error "UBTreeSearch::read_page has conflict with recovery, please try again later" Is Reported when a Service Uses a Standby Node to Read Data
FDW
file_fdw
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding Options
Logical Decoding by SQL Function Interfaces
Logical Data Replication Using Stream Decoding
Feature Guide(Centralized_3.x)
Materialized View
Complete-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Fast-Refresh Materialized View
Overview
Usage
Support and Constraints
Setting Encrypted Equality Query
Overview
Using gsql to Operate an Encrypted Database
Using JDBC to Operate an Encrypted Database
Using Go Driver to Operate an Encrypted Database
Enhancing Security in the Configuration Phase
Encrypted Functions and Stored Procedures
Partitioned Table
Large-Capacity Database
Background
Table Partitioning
Data Partition Query Optimization
Data Partition O&M Management
Introduction to Partitioned Tables
Basic Concepts
Partitioned Table
Partition
Partition Key
Partitioning Policy
Range Partitioning
Interval Partitioning
Hash Partitioning
List Partitioning
Subpartitioning
Impact of Partitioned Tables on Import Performance
Basic Usage of Partitions
Creating Partitioned Tables
DML Statements for Querying Partitioned Tables
Partitioned Table Query Optimization
Partition Pruning
Static Partition Pruning
Dynamic Partition Pruning
Dynamic PBE Pruning
Dynamic Parameterized Path Pruning
Optimizing Partition Operator Execution
PI Elimination
Merge Append
Max/Min
Optimizing Performance of Importing Data to Partitions
Partitioned Indexes
Partitioned Table O&M Management
ADD PARTITION
Adding a Partition to a Range Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to an Interval Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to a List Partitioned Table
Adding a Partition to a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Adding a Level-2 Partition to a Level-2 Partitioned Table
DROP PARTITION
Deleting a Partition from a Partitioned Table
Deleting a Partition from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Deleting a Level-2 Partition from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
EXCHANGE PARTITION
Exchanging Partitions for a Partitioned Table
Exchanging Level-2 Partitions for a Level-2 Partitioned Table
TRUNCATE PARTITION
Clearing Partitions from a Partitioned Table
Clearing Partitions from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Clearing Level-2 Partitions from a Level-2 Partitioned Table
SPLIT PARTITION
Splitting a Partition for a Range Partitioned Table
Splitting a Partition for an Interval Partitioned Table
Splitting a Partition for a List Partitioned Table
Splitting a Level-2 Partition for a Level-2 *-Range Partitioned Table
Splitting a Level-2 Partition for a Level-2 *-List Partitioned Table
MERGE PARTITION
Merging Partitions for a Partitioned Table
Merging Level-2 Partitions for a Level-2 Partitioned Table
MOVE PARTITION
Moving Partitions for a Partitioned Table
Moving Level-2 Partitions for a Level-2 Partitioned Table
RENAME PARTITION
Renaming a Partition in a Partitioned Table
Renaming a Partition in a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Renaming a Level-2 Partition in a Level-2 Partitioned Table
Renaming an Index Partition for a Local Index
ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes of a Partition
Invalidating/Rebuilding Indexes
Invalidating/Rebuilding Local Indexes of a Partition
Partition Concurrency Control
Common Lock Design
DQL/DML-DQL/DML Concurrency
DQL/DML-DDL Concurrency
DDL-DDL Concurrency
System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
System Views Related to Partitioned Tables
Built-in Tool Functions Related to Partitioned Tables
Storage Engine
Storage Engine Architecture
Overview
Static Compilation Architecture
Database Service Layer
Setting Up a Storage Engine
Storage Engine Update Description
GaussDB 503
GaussDB R2
Astore
Overview
Ustore
Overview
Ustore Features and Specifications
Restrictions
Storage Specifications
Examples
Best Practices of Ustore
How Can I Configure init_td
How Can I Configure fillfactor
Collecting Statistics
Online Verification
How Can I Configure the Size of Rollback Segments
Storage Format
Relation
Page-based Row Consistency Read (PbRCR) Heap Multi-Version Management
PbPCR Heap Visibility Mechanism
Heap Space Management
Index
Row Consistency Read (RCR) UB-Tree Multi-Version Management
RCR UB-Tree Visibility Mechanism
Inserting, Deleting, Updating, and Scanning UB-Tree
UB-Tree Space Management
Undo
Rollback Segment Management
File Structure
Undo Space Management
Ustore Transaction Model
Transaction Commit
Transaction Rollback
Flashback
Flashback Query
Flashback Table
DROP/TRUNCATE Flashback
Common View Tools
Common Problems and Troubleshooting Methods
Snapshot Too Old
Undo Space Recycling Blocked by Long Transactions
Slow Undo Space Recycling Caused by Many Rollback Transactions
Storage Test Error
An Error "UBTreeSearch::read_page has conflict with recovery, please try again later" Is Reported when a Service Uses a Standby Node to Read Data
Foreign Data Wrapper
file_fdw
Logical Replication
Logical Decoding
Overview
Logical Decoding Options
Logical Decoding by SQL Function Interfaces
Logical Data Replication Using Stream Decoding
Best Practices
Suggestions on GaussDB Security Configuration
Performance White Paper
Test Method
Test Data
API Reference
Before You Start
Overview
API Calling
Endpoints
Constraints
Concepts
API Overview
Calling APIs
Making an API Request
Authentication
Response
APIs (Recommended)
DB Engine Versions and Specifications
Querying DB Engine Versions
Querying Instance Specifications
Querying DB Engines
Querying Specifications that a DB Instance Can Be Changed To
Storage Management
Querying the Storage Usage of a DB Instance
Querying the Disk Type of a DB Instance
Instance Management
Creating a DB Instance (v3.1)
Creating a DB Instance (v5)
Adding CNs and DN shards and Scaling up Storage
Deleting a DB Instance
Querying DB Instances
Resetting a Database Password
Changing a DB Instance Name
Rebooting a DB Instance
Switching Roles of the Primary and Standby DNs in Shards
Querying the Components of a DB Instance
Changing the vCPUs and Memory of a DB Instance
Checking Whether Host Load Is Unbalanced Due to a Primary/Standby Switchover
Querying Solution Template Settings
Querying EIPs Bound to a DB Instance
Validating Password Strength
Binding or Unbinding an EIP
Querying the SSL Certificate Download Address of a DB Instance
Querying the Instance Quotas of a Tenant
Starting a DB Instance or Node
Stopping a DB Instance or Node
Enabling M Compatibility Port
Changing or Disabling M Compatibility Port
Querying the Top I/O Threads
Querying CNs
Querying Storage Autoscaling Policies of a DB Instance
Parameter Configuration
Obtaining Parameter Templates
Obtaining the Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
Modifying Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
Creating a Parameter Template
Deleting a Parameter Template
Querying Details About a Parameter Template
Replicating a Parameter Template
Resetting a Parameter Template
Obtaining the Differences of Two Parameter Templates
Querying Instances That a Parameter Template Can Be Applied To
Checking Whether the Parameter Template Name Exists
Applying a Parameter Template
Querying Application Records of a Parameter Template
Querying Change History of a Parameter Template
Version Upgrade
Querying Versions That a DB Instance Can be Upgraded to
Upgrading the Kernel Version of a DB Instance
Querying Upgrade Types and Versions That Instances Can Be Upgraded to in Batches
Upgrading Kernel Versions of Instances in Batches
Backup and Restoration
Configuring an Automated Backup Policy
Querying an Automated Backup Policy
Querying Backups
Creating a Manual Backup
Stopping a Backup
Deleting a Manual Backup
Querying the Restoration Time Range
Restoring Data to a New instance
Querying Instances That Can Be Used for Backups and Restorations
Querying Information About the Original Instance Based on a Specific Point of Time or a Backup File
Restoring Data to the Original or Existing Instance
Confirming Data Integrity After a Backup Is Restored
Log Management
Querying Whether Error Log Collection Is Enabled
Querying the Link for Downloading Error Logs
Creating a Slow Query Log Download Task
Querying Downloaded Slow Query Log Information
SQL Throttling
Creating a SQL Throttling Task
Deleting a SQL Throttling Task
Querying SQL Throttling Tasks
Querying SQL Templates
Modifying a SQL Throttling Task
Querying SQL Throttling Tasks
Database and Account Management
Creating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating a Database Schema
Configuring Permissions of Database Accounts
Resetting a Password for a Database Account
Querying Databases
Querying Database Users
Querying Database Schemas
Deleting a Database
Tag Management
Querying Tags of a Specific Instance
Querying Tags of a Project
Querying Predefined Tags
Adding Tags for a DB Instance
Deleting Tags of a DB Instance
Quota Management
Modifying Enterprise Project Quotas
Querying Enterprise Project Quotas
Task Management
Obtaining Task Information
Querying Tasks
Deleting a Task Record
Recycle Bin
Modifying the Recycling Policy
Querying the Recycling Policy
Querying All DB Engine Instances in the Recycle Bin
Plug-in Management
Querying the List of Supported Plug-ins
Querying the List of Plug-ins Installed on an Instance
Configuring the Plug-in License
Installing a Plug-in
Querying Plug-in Extensions of an Instance
Configuring Plug-in Extensions
Historical APIs
DB Engine Versions and Specifications
Querying Instance Specifications
DB Instance Management
Creating a DB Instance
Creating a DB Instance
Querying DB Instances (v3.1)
Querying DB Instances
Querying DB Instances
Scaling up Storage Space of a DB Instance
Deleting a DB Instance
Adding CNs
Adding Shards
Resetting a Database Password
Changing a DB Instance Name
Parameter Configuration
Modifying Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
Obtaining Parameter Templates
Obtaining the Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
Backup Management
Configuring an Automated Backup Policy
Configuring an Automated Backup Policy
Querying Backups
Permissions Policies and Supported Actions
Introduction
GaussDB Actions
Appendix
Abnormal Request Results
Status Codes
Error Codes
Obtaining a Project ID
Replication Mode Table
DB Instance Specifications
SDK Reference
SDK Overview
FAQs
About GaussDB
What Should I Pay Attention to When Using GaussDB?
What Is the Availability of GaussDB Instances?
Will My GaussDB Instances Be Affected by Other Users' Instances?
What Can I Do About Slow Responses of Websites When They Use GaussDB?
Can Multiple ECSs Connect to the Same GaussDB Instance?
Can I Encrypt the Disk After Purchasing a GaussDB Instance?
Will Backups Be Encrypted After Disk Encryption Is Enabled for My GaussDB Instance?
Will Different GaussDB Instances Share CPU and Memory Resources?
How Many Databases Can Run on a GaussDB Instance?
What Is the Relationship Between GaussDB and PostgreSQL?
Can Multiple Users Log In to a GaussDB Instance Through DAS at the Same Time? Will the Accounts Be Locked If I Enter Wrong Passwords Several Times in a Row?
What Are the Differences Between the Independent Deployment Model and Combined Deployment Model of GaussDB Distributed Instances?
What Are the Differences Between the General-Purpose, Dedicated, and Kunpeng Dedicated Specification Types Provided GaussDB?
Can I Switch Between the GaussDB Enterprise Edition and Basic Edition?
GaussDB Resource Freezing, Unfreezing, Release, Deletion, and Unsubscription
Resource and Disk Management
Can I Scale Down the Storage Space of My GaussDB Instances?
Which Items Occupy the Storage Space of My GaussDB Instances?
How Much Storage Space Is Required for DDL Operations?
Database Connections
What Should I Do If I Can't Connect to My GaussDB Instance?
Can an External Server Access GaussDB Instances?
Do Applications Need to Support Automatic Reconnections to GaussDB Databases?
Why Can't I Ping My EIP After It Is Bound to a GaussDB Instance?
Can I Access a GaussDB Instance Over an Intranet Connection Across Regions?
Database Storage
What Should I Do If My Data Exceeds the Available Storage of a GaussDB Instance?
How Do I View the Storage Usage of My GaussDB Instance?
Database Usage
How Do I Use DAS to Query SQL Statements Executed in GaussDB?
What Should I Do If Garbled Characters Are Displayed After SQL Query Results Are Exported to an Excel File for My GaussDB Instance?
What Do I Do If a GaussDB Instance Is Locked?
Why Did the New Password Not Take Effect After I Reset the Administrator Password of a GaussDB Instance?
What Do I Do If Replay Speed of Standby DNs Cannot Catch Up with Write Speed of Primary DN?
Can I Change the VPC to Which My GaussDB Instance Belongs?
Backup and Restoration
How Long Does GaussDB Store Backup Data?
How Do I Clear GaussDB Backup Space?
Can My GaussDB Instance Still Be Used in the Backup Window?
How Is GaussDB Backup Data Billed?
How Can I Back Up a GaussDB Database to an ECS?
Will Backups Be Retained After My GaussDB Instance Is Deleted?
Why Does Automated Backup for a GaussDB Instance Fail?
Why Is Data Table Lost or Data Deleted from My GaussDB Instance?
Does GaussDB Support Table PITR?
How Can I Delete the GaussDB Backup Policy?
Database Monitoring
Which Monitoring Metrics of GaussDB Instances Do I Need to Pay Most Attention To?
How Can I Calculate the Memory Usage of a GaussDB Instance?
Scaling and Specification Change
Are My GaussDB Instances Still Available During Storage Scale-up and Instance Specification Change?
Database Parameter Modification
How Can I Change the Time Zone of a GaussDB Instance?
How Can I Configure a Password Expiration Policy?
Can I Use SQL Commands in GaussDB to Modify Global Parameters?
Can I Enable SELECT Operation Auditing in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Disk Usage Threshold for Putting a Database Node into Read-Only Mode in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Date and Time Display Format in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Time Zone Used for Displaying and Interpreting Timestamps in GaussDB?
How Do I Change the Maximum Number of DN Connections Allowed in GaussDB?
How Do I Enable the Audit of INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE Operations in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Maximum Number of WAL Sender Threads That Can Be Created in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Maximum Number of Bytes to Be Logged for Each SQL Statement in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Connection Timeout Interval for GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Automatic Unlocking Time After an Account Is Locked in GaussDB?
How Do I Set the Maximum Number of Failed Login Attempts for Accounts in GaussDB?
Log Management
How Do I View All SQL Logs Executed by GaussDB?
How Do I View Deadlock Logs of GaussDB?
Network Security
How Can I Prevent Untrusted Source IP Addresses from Accessing GaussDB Instances?
How Can I Import the Root Certificate to a Windows or Linux Server?
Videos
General Reference
Glossary
Service Level Agreement
White Papers
Endpoints
Permissions