- What's New
- Function Overview
- Product Bulletin
- Service Overview
- Billing
- Getting Started
-
User Guide
- Permissions Management
- Buying a GaussDB Instance
- GaussDB Instance Connection
-
Database Migration
- Overview of GaussDB Migration Solutions
- Using DRS to Migrate Data from Oracle Database to GaussDB
- Using DRS to Migrate Data from MySQL Database to GaussDB
- Migrating Data to GaussDB Using the Export and Import Functions of DAS
- Using the copy to/from Command to Export and Import Data
- Using CopyManager in JDBC to Export and Import Data
- Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Data
- Using gs_restore to Import Data
- Using gs_loader to Import Data
- Database Use
-
Instance Management
- Viewing GaussDB Instance Overview Data
- Configuring Security Group Rules for a GaussDB Instance
- Binding and Unbinding an EIP for a GaussDB Instance
- Modifying the Recycle Bin Policy for a GaussDB Instance
- Exporting Information About All GaussDB Instances
- Unsubscribing a Yearly/Monthly GaussDB Instance
- Stopping a GaussDB Instance
- Starting a GaussDB Instance
- Rebooting a GaussDB Instance
- Deleting a Pay-per-Use GaussDB Instance
- Rebuilding a GaussDB Instance
- Stopping a GaussDB Node
- Starting a GaussDB Node
- Rebooting a GaussDB Node
-
Instance Modifications
- Changing the Name of a GaussDB Instance
- Changing the Database Port of a GaussDB Instance
- Changing the M Compatibility Port
- Changing the CPU and Memory Specifications of a GaussDB Instance
- Configuring Read Replicas
- Synchronizing Data to a Single-Replica Instance
- Viewing and Modifying Advanced Features
- Scaling In and Out an Instance
- Scaling Up Storage Space
- Changing the Deployment Model
- Performing a Primary/Standby DN Switchover
- Instance Upgrade
- Plug-in Management
- Data Backup
- Data Restoration
- Parameter Management
- Monitoring and Alarming
- Logs and Auditing
- Quota Adjustment
- SQL Diagnosis
-
Disaster Recovery Management
- Constraints
- Creating a DR Task
- Checking DR Task Statuses
- Promoting the DR Instance to Primary
- Stopping a DR Task
- Deleting a DR Task
- Re-creating a DR Task After the Primary Instance Is Faulty
- Switching Roles of Primary and DR Instances
- Re-establishing a DR Relationship
- Performing a DR Drill
- Enabling or Disabling Log Cache
- Restrictions on the DR Instance
- Managing GaussDB Tasks
- Managing GaussDB Tags
- Resetting the Administrator Password of a GaussDB Instance
-
Developer Guide
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Packages, Driver Classes, and Environment Classes
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC Interface Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- Common JDBC Parameters
- FAQs
- JDBC Data Type Mapping
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ECPG Components
- ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
- ECPG API Reference
- Development Based on the Go Driver
- Compatibility Reference
- Commissioning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Optimization
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Skew Hints
- Parameterized Path Hint
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Query Rewriting Hints
- Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
- Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
- Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
- Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
- Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
-
SQL Reference
- GaussDB SQL
- Keywords
-
Data Types
- Numeric Types
- Monetary Types
- Boolean Types
- Character Types
- Binary Types
- Date/Time Types
- Geometric Types
- Network Address Types
- Bit String Types
- UUID Type
- JSON/JSONB Types
- HLL Type
- Range Types
- Object Identifier Types
- Pseudo-Types
- Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
- XML Type
- XMLType
- ACLItem Type
- Array Types
-
Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
- Database-level Character Sets and Collations
- Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
- Table-level Character Sets and Collations
- Column-level Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
- Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Setting Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Hash Bucket System Functions
- Undo System Functions
- Other Functions
- SPM Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Functions
- Prompt Message Function
- Fault Injection System Function
- Redistribution Functions
- Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- AI Feature Functions
- Sensitive Data Discovery Function
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hotkey Feature Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Pivot Table Functions
- UUID Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- DCL Syntax Overview
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- Other Syntax List
-
A
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER COORDINATOR
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER NODE
- ALTER NODE GROUP
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- B
-
C
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE BARRIER
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE NODE
- CREATE NODE GROUP
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SECURITY LABEL
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
-
D
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP NODE
- DROP NODE GROUP
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SECURITY LABEL
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- E
- F
- G
- I
- L
- M
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
- Stored Procedures
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- Partitioned Table
- OLTP Table Compression
- Encrypted Equality Query
- Communications
- Ledger Database
- SPM
- AI
- Auditing
- User and Permission Management
- Connection and Authentication
- Dynamic Data Masking
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SECURITY_LABEL
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
- GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
- GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_SET
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
-
Partitioned Table
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- OLTP Table Compression
-
Communications
- COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_LIBCOMM_FD_INFO
- GS_LIBCOMM_MEMORY_INFO
- GS_STATIC_THREADPOOL_CTRL_STATUS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_POOLER_STATUS
- PGXC_COMM_DELAY
- PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_STATUS
-
Segment-Page Storage
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_DATAFILES
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_EXTENTS
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
- GS_SEG_DATAFILES
- GS_SEG_DATAFILE_LAYOUT
- GS_SEG_EXTENTS
- GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
- GS_SEG_SEGMENT_LAYOUT
- GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
- GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
- GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_EXTENTS
- GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_SEGMENTS
- SPM
- Auditing
-
User and Permission Management
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_USERS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_DIRECTORIES
- DB_TAB_PRIVS
- DB_USERS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_LABELS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- Dynamic Data Masking
- Transparent Encryption
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DUAL
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
- GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
- GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
- GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_BUCKET_LOCKS
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
- PGXC_NODE_ENV
- PGXC_OS_THREADS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
- PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PGXC_SQL_COUNT
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
- PLAN_TABLE
- PV_FILE_STAT
- PV_INSTANCE_TIME
- PV_OS_RUN_INFO
- PV_REDO_STAT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PV_SESSION_STAT
- PV_SESSION_TIME
- PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$GLOBAL_OPEN_CURSOR
- V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
- V$LOCK
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$OPEN_CURSOR
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
-
Partitioned Table
- Discarded
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session and Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
-
Cache and I/O
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- Communication Library
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Event
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plan Cache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- Discarded
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
-
Configuring GUC Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Parallel Data Import
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Autovacuum
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Cluster Transaction Parameters
- Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- Transaction Monitoring
- CM Parameters
- GTM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Event
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Undo
- Rollback Parameters
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Ledger Database
- Creating an Index Online
- Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
- Session-level Transaction Pushdown and Related Parameters
- Enhanced TOAST
- Reserved Parameters
- Appendix
-
FAQs
- What is the maximum number of columns in a single GaussDB table?
- How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
- What is OID?
- What is UDF?
- What wildcards are supported in GaussDB? How do I use them?
- Is there a limit on the length of a database object name?
- How do I view the creation time of a table?
- How do I create indexes in parallel?
- How do I create an auto-increment column?
- Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
- What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
- How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
- How do I determine whether a column is null?
- How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
- How do I query the time difference between two time points?
- What are the types of SQL languages?
- What is the function of a trigger?
- What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
- What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
- How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
-
Developer Guide(Centralized_8.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Packages, Driver Classes, and Environment Classes
- Development Process
- Loading the Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MY
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC API Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- PGobject
- Common JDBC Parameters
- Troubleshooting
- Mapping for JDBC Data Types
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Development Based on the Go Driver
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ECPG Components
- ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
- ECPG API Reference
- Compatibility Reference
- Commissioning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Optimization
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hints for Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hints for Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
- Hints for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hints for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Query Rewriting Hints
- Outline Hints
- Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
- Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
- Hints for Specifying the Stream Hashagg Optimization
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
- Introduction to Plan Trace
- Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
- Optimization Cases
-
SQL Reference
- GaussDB SQL
- Keywords
-
Data Types
- Numeric Types
- Monetary Types
- Boolean Types
- Character Types
- Binary Types
- Date/Time Types
- Geometric Types
- Network Address Types
- Bit String Types
- UUID Type
- JSON/JSONB Types
- HLL Type
- Range Types
- Object Identifier Types
- Pseudo-Types
- XML Type
- XMLType
- Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
- SET Type
- ACLItem Type
- Array Types
- Vector Data Types
-
Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
- Database-level Character Sets and Collations
- Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
- Table-level Character Sets and Collations
- Column-level Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
- Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Hash Bucket System Functions
- Other Functions
- Undo System Functions
- SPM Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Functions
- Prompt Message Function
- Global Temporary Table Functions
- Fault Injection System Function
- AI Feature Functions
- Sensitive Data Discovery Function
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
- Pivot Table Functions
- UUID Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Vector Calculation Interfaces and Functions
- Deprecated Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- DCL Syntax Overview
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- Other Syntax List
-
A
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER EVENT
- ALTER EXTENSION
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER PACKAGE
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER USER MAPPING
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- B
-
C
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EVENT
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
- CREATE PACKAGE
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SECURITY LABEL
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE USER MAPPING
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
-
D
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CAST
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP EVENT
- DROP EXTENSION
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PACKAGE
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP RULE
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SECURITY LABEL
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP USER MAPPING
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- E
- F
- G
- I
- L
- M
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
-
Stored Procedure
- Stored Procedure
- Data Types
- Data Type Conversion
- Arrays, Collections, and Records
- DECLARE Syntax
- Basic Statements
- Dynamic Statements
- Control Statements
- Transaction Management
- Other Statements
- Cursors
- Advanced Packages
- Retry Management
- Debugging
- Package
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- Partitioned Table
- OLTP Table Compression
- Encrypted Equality Query
- Communications
- Ledger Database
- SPM
- AI
- Auditing
- User and Permission Management
- Connection and Authentication
- Dynamic Data Masking
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_PACKAGE
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SECURITY_LABEL
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
- GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
- GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SET
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
-
Partitioned Table
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_INDEXES
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- OLTP Table Compression
- Communications
- Segment-Page Storage
- SPM
- Auditing
-
User and Permission Management
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_USERS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_DIRECTORIES
- DB_TAB_PRIVS
- DB_USERS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_LABELS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- Dynamic Data Masking
- Transparent Encryption
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_RECYCLEBIN
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_ERRORS
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DUAL
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
- GS_FILE_STAT
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_INSTANCE_TIME
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_OS_RUN_INFO
- GS_REDO_STAT
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SESSION_STAT
- GS_SESSION_TIME
- GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_ERRORS
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_RECYCLEBIN
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_GTT_RELSTATS
- PG_GTT_STATS
- PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PLAN_TABLE
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
- V$LOCK
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$OPEN_CURSOR
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
-
Partitioned Table
- Discarded
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session/Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
- Query
-
Cache/IO
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Events
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plancache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
- DB4AI Schema
- DBE_PLDEVELOPER
- DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
-
Configuring GUC Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Data Import and Export
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- SPM
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Autovacuum
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Transaction
- Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- CM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Events
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- Global Temporary Table
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- Undo
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Rollback Parameters
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Delimiter
- Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
- Ledger Database
- Creating an Index Online
- Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
- Vector Database Parameters
- Enhanced TOAST
- Reserved Parameters
-
FAQ
- What is the maximum number of columns in a single GaussDB table?
- How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
- What is OID?
- What is UDF?
- What wildcards are supported in GaussDB? How do I use them?
- Is there a limit on the length of a database object name?
- How do I view the creation time of a table?
- How do I create indexes in parallel?
- How do I create an auto-increment column?
- Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
- What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
- How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
- How do I determine whether a column is null?
- How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
- How do I query the time difference between two time points?
- What are the types of SQL languages?
- What is the function of a trigger?
- What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
- What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
- How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_3.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Logical Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC Interface Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- Common JDBC Parameters
- FAQs
- Mapping for JDBC Data Types
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ecpg Components
- ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
- ECPG API Reference
- Development Based on the Go Driver
- Debugging
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Skew Hints
- Parameterized Path Hint
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
- Tuning with SQL PATCH
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
- Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
-
SQL Reference
- SQL
- Keywords
- Data Type
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Undo System Functions
- Other Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Fault Injection System Function
- Redistribution Parameters
- Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- AI Feature Functions
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hotkey Feature Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER COORDINATOR
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER NODE
- ALTER NODE GROUP
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE BARRIER
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE NODE
- CREATE NODE GROUP
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP NODE
- DROP NODE GROUP
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXECUTE DIRECT
- EXPDP DATABASE
- EXPDP TABLE
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
- IMPDP RECOVER
- INSERT
- IMPDP TABLE
- IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
- LOCK
- MOVE
- MERGE INTO
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- PURGE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REINDEX
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- START TRANSACTION
- TIMECAPSULE TABLE
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
- Stored Procedures
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_ASP
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DATABASE_LINK
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SET
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_REDISTB
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
- ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
- ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
- ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
- GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
- GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
- GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_DB_LINKS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_POOLER_STATUS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATS
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_COMM_DELAY
- PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_STATUS
- PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
- PGXC_NODE_ENV
- PGXC_OS_THREADS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
- PGXC_SQL_COUNT
- PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
- PLAN_TABLE
- PV_FILE_STAT
- PV_INSTANCE_TIME
- PV_OS_RUN_INFO
- PV_REDO_STAT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PV_SESSION_STAT
- PV_SESSION_TIME
- PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session and Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
- Query
-
Cache and I/O
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- Communication Library
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Event
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plan Cache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- Discarded
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
-
Configuring Running Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Parallel Data Import
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Cluster Transaction Parameters
- Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- Transaction Monitoring
- CM Parameters
- GTM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Event
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Collaborative Analysis
- Acceleration Cluster
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Full Text Search
- Backup and Restoration
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Undo
- Rollback Parameters
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
-
Developer Guide(Centralized_3.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MY
- Example: Logical Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC API Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- PGobject
- Common JDBC Parameters
- Troubleshooting
- Mapping for JDBC Data Types
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Development Based on the Go Driver
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ecpg Components
- ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ECPG API Reference
- Debugging
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
- Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Introduction to Plan Trace
- Tuning with SQL PATCH
- Optimization Cases
-
SQL Reference
- SQL
- Keywords
- Data Types
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Other Functions
- Undo System Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Global Temporary Table Functions
- Fault Injection System Function
- AI Feature Functions
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER EVENT
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER PACKAGE
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER USER MAPPING
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EVENT
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
- CREATE PACKAGE
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE USER MAPPING
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CAST
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP EVENT
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PACKAGE
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP RULE
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP USER MAPPING
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXPDP DATABASE
- EXPDP TABLE
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
- IMPDP RECOVER
- IMPDP TABLE
- IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
- INSERT
- LOCK
- MERGE INTO
- MOVE
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- PURGE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REINDEX
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHOW EVENTS
- SHUTDOWN
- SNAPSHOT
- START TRANSACTION
- TIMECAPSULE TABLE
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- ALTER EXTENSION
- CREATE EXTENSION
- DROP EXTENSION
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
- Stored Procedure
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DATABASE_LINK
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_PACKAGE
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_SET
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
- ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
- ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
- ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_RECYCLEBIN
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_ERRORS
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_INDEXES
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- DV_SESSIONS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
- GS_DB_LINKS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_FILE_STAT
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_INSTANCE_TIME
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_OS_RUN_INFO
- GS_REDO_STAT
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SESSION_STAT
- GS_SESSION_TIME
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_ERRORS
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_RECYCLEBIN
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
- PG_GTT_RELSTATS
- PG_GTT_STATS
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATS
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PLAN_TABLE
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
- Discarded
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session/Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
- Query
-
Cache/IO
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- Lock
- Wait Events
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plancache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- Discarded
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DB4AI Schema
- DBE_PLDEVELOPER
- DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
-
Configuring Running Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Data Import and Export
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Transaction
- Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- CM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Events
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- Global Temporary Table
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- Undo
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Rollback Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Parameters Related to the Efficient Data Compression Algorithm
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Delimiter
- Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_2.x)
- Overview
- Working with Databases
- Development and Design Proposal
- Best Practices
-
Tutorial: Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
- Overview
- Prerequisites
- Step 1: Preparing Source Data
- Step 2: Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS on a Data Server
- Step 3: Creating a Foreign Table in GaussDB
- Step 4: Importing Data to GaussDB
- Step 5: Analyzing and Handling Import Errors
- Step 6: Improving Query Efficiency After Data Import
- Step 7: Stopping GDS
- Step 8: Cleaning Up Resources
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Example: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MySQL
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
- JDBC Interface Reference
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Database Security Management
-
Importing Data
- Importing Data in Parallel Using Foreign Tables
- Running the INSERT Statement to Insert Data
- Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
- Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
- Updating Data in a Table
- Deep Copy
- Checking for Data Skew
- Analyzing Tables
- Doing VACUUM to a Table
- Managing Concurrent Write Operations
- Exporting Data
-
Performance Tuning
- Overview
- Determining the Scope of Performance Tuning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Skew Hints
- Parameterized Path Hint
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Plan Hint Cases
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
- Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
- Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
- Case: Setting cost_param and Optimizing Query Performance
- Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
- Case: Adjusting Partial Clustering Keys
- Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Model in a Medium Table
- Case: Adjusting Partial Clustering Keys
- Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
- Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (2)
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Case: Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
- Case: Adjusting I/O Parameters to Reduce the Log Bloat Rate
- Configuring Running Parameters
-
SQL Reference
- GaussDB SQL
- Keywords
-
Data Type
- Numeric Types
- Monetary Types
- Boolean Types
- Character Types
- Binary Types
- Date/Time Types
- Geometric Types
- Network Address Types
- Bit String Types
- Text Search Types
- UUID Type
- JSON/JSONB Types
- HLL
- Range
- Object Identifier Types
- Pseudo-Types
- Data Types Supported by Column-store Tables
- Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
- ACLItem
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Equality Functions
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Other Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Fault Injection System Function
- Redistribution Parameters
- Distribution Column Recommendation Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- AI Feature Functions
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hotkey Feature Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Type Conversion
- Full Text Search
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COORDINATOR
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATA SOURCE
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for Import and Export)
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER LARGE OBJECT
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER NODE
- ALTER NODE GROUP
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER VIEW
- ALTER WORKLOAD GROUP
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE BARRIER
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATA SOURCE
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for Import and Export)
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE NODE
- CREATE NODE GROUP
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATA SOURCE
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP FOREIGN TABLE
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP NODE
- DROP NODE GROUP
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WORKLOAD GROUP
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXECUTE DIRECT
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- INSERT
- LOCK
- MOVE
- MERGE INTO
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REINDEX
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- START TRANSACTION
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- Appendix
- Stored Procedures
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_ASP
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OBSSCANINFO
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OBSSCANINFO
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_PUBLICATION
- PG_PUBLICATION_REL
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_REDISTB
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
- STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
-
System Views
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
- GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
- GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_DB_CU
- GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_USER_INFO
- GS_WLM_USER_SESSION_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_VIEWS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_POOLER_STATUS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
- PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PG_WLM_STATISTICS
- PGXC_COMM_DELAY
- PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_STATUS
- PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
- PGXC_NODE_ENV
- PGXC_OS_THREADS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
- PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PGXC_SQL_COUNT
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- PGXC_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESPOOL
- PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
- PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
- PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- PLAN_TABLE
- PV_FILE_STAT
- PV_INSTANCE_TIME
- PV_OS_RUN_INFO
- PV_REDO_STAT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PV_SESSION_STAT
- PV_SESSION_TIME
- PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SYS_DUMMY
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session and Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
-
Query
- STATEMENT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT
- STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
-
Cache and I/O
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
- GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
- Communication Library
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Event
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plan Cache
- RTO & RPO
- WDR Snapshot Schema
- GTM Mode
- Materialized View
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Parallel Data Import
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Workload Management
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Cluster Transaction Parameters
- Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- Transaction Monitoring
- CM Parameters
- GTM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Event
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Collaborative Analysis
- Acceleration Cluster
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Full Text Search
- Backup and Restoration
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- Error Log Reference
-
API Reference
-
JDBC Interface Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- ODBC Interface Reference
- libpq Interface Reference
- Psycopg API Reference
-
JDBC Interface Reference
-
Developer Guide(Centralized_2.x)
- Overview
- Working with Databases
- Development and Design Proposal
- Best Practices
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading the Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MY
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
- JDBC API Reference
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Development Based on the Go Driver
- Database Security Management
-
API Reference
-
JDBC
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
-
ODBC
- SQLAllocEnv
- SQLAllocConnect
- SQLAllocHandle
- SQLAllocStmt
- SQLBindCol
- SQLBindParameter
- SQLColAttribute
- SQLConnect
- SQLDisconnect
- SQLExecDirect
- SQLExecute
- SQLFetch
- SQLFreeStmt
- SQLFreeConnect
- SQLFreeHandle
- SQLFreeEnv
- SQLPrepare
- SQLGetData
- SQLGetDiagRec
- SQLSetConnectAttr
- SQLSetEnvAttr
- SQLSetStmtAttr
- Examples
- libpq
- Psycopg
- Go
-
JDBC
- Importing Data
-
Performance Tuning
- Performance Tuning Process
- Determining the Scope of Performance Tuning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Tuning Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Resetting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hint Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
- Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Case: Adjusting I/O Parameters to Reduce the Log Bloat Rate
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
- Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (2)
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Configuring Running Parameters
-
SQL Reference
- SQL
- Keywords
- Data Types
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Mode Matching Operators
- Mathematical Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Equality Functions
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- DR Control Functions for Dual Database Instances
- DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Other Functions
- Undo System Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Global Temporary Table Functions
- Fault Injection System Function
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- Global SysCache Feature Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Type Conversion
- Full Text Search
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATA SOURCE
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER EXTENSION
- ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER LARGE OBJECT
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER PUBLICATION
- ALTER PACKAGE
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER USER MAPPING
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATA SOURCE
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE PACKAGE
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE PUBLICATION
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE USER MAPPING
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CAST
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATA SOURCE
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP EXTENSION
- DROP FOREIGN TABLE
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PACKAGE
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP RULE
- DROP PUBLICATION
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SUBSCRIPTION
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP USER MAPPING
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- INSERT
- LOCK
- MERGE INTO
- MOVE
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- PURGE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REINDEX
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- SNAPSHOT
- START TRANSACTION
- TIMECAPSULE TABLE
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- Appendix
- Stored Procedure
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_PACKAGE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_PLAN_ENCODING_TABLE
- GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OBSSCANINFO
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_PUBLICATION
- PG_PUBLICATION_REL
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
- STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
-
System Views
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_PART_INDEXES
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS (Discarded)
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_FILE_STAT
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_INSTANCE_TIME
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_OS_RUN_INFO
- GS_REDO_STAT
- GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_STAT
- GS_SESSION_TIME
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
- GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_USER_INFO
- GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_VIEWS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_GTT_RELSTATS
- PG_GTT_STATS
- PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
- PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VIEWS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_WLM_STATISTICS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PLAN_TABLE
- SYS_DUMMY
-
Schemas
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session/Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
-
Query
- STATEMENT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT
- STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
-
Cache/IO
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
- GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Events
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plancache
- RTO & RPO
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- Logical Replication
- Materialized View
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Workload Management
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Transaction
- Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- CM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Events
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- Global Temporary Table
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- Undo
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Rollback Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Error Log Reference
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Tool Guide
-
Feature Guide
-
Feature Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Queries
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- FDW
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Centralized_8.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Query
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Automatic Partitioning
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- Partition Concurrency Control
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- Foreign Data Wrapper
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Distributed_3.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Queries
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- FDW
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Centralized_3.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Query
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- Partition Concurrency Control
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- Foreign Data Wrapper
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Best Practices
- Performance White Paper
-
API Reference
- Before You Start
- API Overview
- Calling APIs
-
APIs (Recommended)
- DB Engine Versions and Specifications
- Storage Management
-
Instance Management
- Creating a DB Instance (v3.2)
- Creating a DB Instance (v5)
- Adding CNs and DN Shards and Scaling Up Storage
- Deleting a DB Instance
- Querying DB Instances
- Resetting a Database Password
- Changing a DB Instance Name
- Rebooting a DB Instance
- Switching Roles of the Primary and Standby DNs in Shards
- Querying the Components of a DB Instance
- Changing the vCPUs and Memory of a DB Instance
- Checking Whether Host Load Is Unbalanced Due to a Primary/Standby Switchover
- Querying Solution Template Settings
- Querying EIPs Bound to a DB Instance
- Validating Password Strength
- Binding or Unbinding an EIP
- Querying the SSL Certificate Download Address of a DB Instance
- Querying the Instance Quotas of a Tenant
- Starting a DB Instance or Node
- Stopping a DB Instance or Node
- Enabling M Compatibility Port
- Changing or Disabling M Compatibility Port
- Querying the Top I/O Threads
- Querying CNs
- Querying Storage Autoscaling Policies of a DB Instance
- Querying Advanced Features
- Enabling or Disabling Advanced Features
-
Parameter Configuration
- Obtaining Parameter Templates
- Obtaining the Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
- Modifying Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
- Creating a Parameter Template
- Deleting a Parameter Template
- Querying Details About a Parameter Template
- Replicating a Parameter Template
- Resetting a Parameter Template
- Obtaining the Differences of Two Parameter Templates
- Querying Instances That a Parameter Template Can Be Applied To
- Checking Whether the Parameter Template Name Exists
- Applying a Parameter Template
- Querying Application Records of a Parameter Template
- Querying Change History of a Parameter Template
- Version Upgrade
-
Backup and Restoration
- Configuring an Automated Backup Policy
- Querying an Automated Backup Policy
- Querying Backups
- Creating a Manual Backup
- Stopping a Backup
- Deleting a Manual Backup
- Querying the Restoration Time Range
- Restoring Data to a New instance
- Querying Instances That Can Be Used for Backups and Restorations
- Querying Information About the Original Instance Based on a Specific Point of Time or a Backup File
- Restoring Data to the Original or Existing Instance
- Confirming Data Integrity After a Backup Is Restored
- Log Management
- SQL Throttling
-
Database and Account Management
- Creating a Database
- Creating a Database Account
- Creating a Database Schema
- Configuring Permissions of Database Accounts
- Resetting a Password for a Database Account
- Querying Databases
- Querying Database Users
- Querying Database Schemas
- Deleting a Database
- Deleting a Schema
- Creating a Database Role
- Querying Database Roles
- Configuring Permissions of a Database Role
- Tag Management
- Quota Management
- Task Management
- Recycle Bin
- Plug-in Management
- Historical APIs
- Permissions Policies and Supported Actions
- Appendix
- SDK Reference
-
FAQs
-
About GaussDB
- What Should I Pay Attention to When Using GaussDB?
- What Is the Availability of GaussDB Instances?
- Will My GaussDB Instances Be Affected by Other Users' Instances?
- What Can I Do About Slow Responses of Websites When They Use GaussDB?
- Can Multiple ECSs Connect to the Same GaussDB Instance?
- Can I Encrypt the Disk After Purchasing a GaussDB Instance?
- Will Backups Be Encrypted After Disk Encryption Is Enabled for My GaussDB Instance?
- Will Different GaussDB Instances Share CPU and Memory Resources?
- How Many Databases Can Run on a GaussDB Instance?
- What Is the Relationship Between GaussDB and PostgreSQL?
- Can Multiple Users Log In to a GaussDB Instance Through DAS at the Same Time? Will the Accounts Be Locked If I Enter Wrong Passwords Several Times in a Row?
- What Are the Differences Between the Independent Deployment Model and Combined Deployment Model of GaussDB Distributed Instances?
- What Are the Differences Between the General-Purpose, Dedicated, and Kunpeng Dedicated Specification Types Provided GaussDB?
- Can I Switch Between the GaussDB Enterprise Edition and Basic Edition?
- GaussDB Resource Freezing, Unfreezing, Release, Deletion, and Unsubscription
- Resource and Disk Management
-
Database Connections
- What Should I Do If I Can't Connect to My GaussDB Instance?
- Can an External Server Access GaussDB Instances?
- Do Applications Need to Support Automatic Reconnections to GaussDB Databases?
- Why Can't I Ping My EIP After It Is Bound to a GaussDB Instance?
- Can I Access a GaussDB Instance Over an Intranet Connection Across Regions?
- Database Storage
-
Database Usage
- How Do I Use DAS to Query SQL Statements Executed in GaussDB?
- What Should I Do If Garbled Characters Are Displayed After SQL Query Results Are Exported to an Excel File for My GaussDB Instance?
- What Do I Do If the root Account of My GaussDB Instance Is Locked?
- Why Did the New Password Not Take Effect After I Reset the Administrator Password of a GaussDB Instance?
- What Do I Do If Replay Speed of Standby DNs Cannot Catch Up with Write Speed of Primary DN?
- Can I Change the VPC to Which My GaussDB Instance Belongs?
-
Backup and Restoration
- How Long Does GaussDB Store Backup Data?
- How Do I Clear GaussDB Backup Space?
- Can My GaussDB Instance Still Be Used in the Backup Window?
- How Is GaussDB Backup Data Billed?
- How Can I Back Up a GaussDB Database to an ECS?
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- How Do I Enable the Audit of INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE Operations in GaussDB?
- How Do I Set the Maximum Number of WAL Sender Threads That Can Be Created in GaussDB?
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Meta-Command Reference
This section describes meta-commands provided by gsql after the GaussDB database CLI tool is used to connect to a database. A gsql meta-command can be anything that you enter in gsql and begins with an unquoted backslash.
Precautions
- The format of the gsql meta-command is a backslash (\) followed by a command verb, and then a parameter. The parameters are separated from the command verb and from each other by any number of whitespace characters.
- To include whitespace characters into an argument, you must quote them with a single straight quotation mark. To include a single straight quotation mark into such an argument, precede it by a backslash. Anything contained in single quotation marks is furthermore subject to C-like substitutions for \n (new line), \t (tab), \b (backspace), \r (carriage return), \f (form feed), \digits (octal), and \xdigits (hexadecimal).
- Within a parameter, text enclosed in double quotation marks ("") is taken as a command line input to the shell. The output of the command (with any trailing newline removed) is taken as the argument value.
- If an unquoted argument begins with a colon (:), the argument is taken as a gsql variable and the value of the variable is used as the argument value instead.
- Some commands take an SQL identifier (such as a table name) as a parameter. These parameters follow the SQL syntax rules: Unquoted letters are forced to lowercase, while double quotation marks ("") protect letters from case conversion and allow incorporation of whitespace into the identifier. Within double quotation marks, paired double quotation marks reduce to a single double quotation mark in the result name. For example, FOO"BAR"BAZ is interpreted as fooBARbaz, and "Aweird""name" becomes A weird"name.
- Parsing for arguments stops when another unquoted backslash is found. This is taken as the beginning of a new meta-command. The special sequence \\ (two backslashes) marks the end of parameters and continues parsing SQL statements if any. In this way, SQL and gsql commands can be freely mixed in a line. But in any case, the arguments of a meta-command cannot continue beyond the end of the line.
Meta-commands
For details about meta-commands, see Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 6, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 12.
FILE mentioned in the following commands indicates a file path. This path can be an absolute path such as /home/gauss/file.txt or a relative path, such as file.txt. By default, a file.txt is created in the path where the user runs gsql commands.
Parameter |
Description |
Value Range |
---|---|---|
\copyright |
Displays GaussDB version and copyright information. |
- |
\g [FILE] or ; |
Performs a query operation and sends the result to a file or pipe. |
- |
\h(\help) [NAME] |
Provides syntax help on the specified SQL statement. |
If the name is not specified, then gsql will list all the commands for which syntax help is available. If the name is an asterisk (*), syntax help on all SQL statements is displayed. |
\parallel [on [num]|off] |
Controls the parallel execution function.
|
The default value of num is 1024.
NOTICE:
|
\q |
Exits the gsql program. This command is executed only when a script terminates in a script file. |
- |
Parameter |
Description |
---|---|
\e [FILE] [LINE] |
Uses an external editor to edit the query buffer or file. |
\ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] |
Edits the function definition using an external editor. If LINE is specified, the cursor will point to the specified line of the function body. |
\p |
Prints the current query buffer to the standard output. |
\r |
Resets or clears the query buffer. |
\w FILE |
Outputs the current query buffer to a file. |
Parameter |
Description |
Value Range |
Examples |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\d[S+] |
Lists all tables, views, and sequences of all schemas in the search_path. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
- |
Lists all tables, views, and sequences of all schemas in the search_path.
|
||
\d[S+] NAME |
Lists the structure of specified tables, views, and indexes. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
- |
Lists the structure of table a.
|
||
\d+ [PATTERN] |
Lists all tables, views, and indexes. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only tables, views, and indexes whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all tables, views, and indexes whose names start with f.
|
||
\da[S] [PATTERN] |
Lists all available aggregate functions, together with the data type they perform operations on and the return value types. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only aggregate functions whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all available aggregate functions whose names start with f, together with their return value types and the data types.
|
||
\db[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all available tablespaces. |
If PATTERN is specified, only tablespaces whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all available tablespaces whose names start with p.
|
||
\dc[S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all available conversions between character-set encodings. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only conversions whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all available conversions between character-set encodings.
|
||
\dC[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all available type conversions. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. PATTERN must be the actual type name and cannot be an alias. |
If PATTERN is specified, only conversions whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all type conversions whose patten names start with c.
|
||
\dd[S] [PATTERN] |
Lists descriptions about objects matching PATTERN. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If no parameter is specified, all visible objects are displayed. The objects include aggregations, functions, operators, types, relations (tables, views, indexes, sequences, and large objects), and rules. |
Lists all visible objects.
|
||
\ddp [PATTERN] |
Lists all default permissions. |
If PATTERN is specified, only permissions whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all default permissions.
|
||
\dD[S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all available domains. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only domains whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all available domains.
|
||
\det[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all external tables. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only tables whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all external tables.
|
||
\des[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all external servers. |
If PATTERN is specified, only servers whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all external servers.
|
||
\deu[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all user mappings. |
If PATTERN is specified, only information whose name matches PATTERN is displayed. |
Lists all user mappings.
|
||
\dew[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all encapsulated external data. |
If PATTERN is specified, only data whose name matches PATTERN is displayed. |
Lists all encapsulated external data.
|
||
\df[antw][S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all available functions, together with their parameters and return types. a indicates an aggregate function, n indicates a common function, t indicates a trigger, and w indicates a window function. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only functions whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all available functions, together with their parameters and return types.
|
||
\dF[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all text search configuration information. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only configurations whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all text search configuration information.
|
||
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all text search dictionaries. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only dictionaries whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all text search dictionaries.
|
||
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all text search analyzers. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only analyzers whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all text search analyzers.
|
||
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all text search templates. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only templates whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all text search templates.
|
||
\dg[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all database roles. Since the concepts of "users" and "groups" have been unified into "roles", this command is now equivalent to \du. Both commands are retained to ensure compatibility with earlier versions. |
If PATTERN is specified, only roles whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all database roles named j?e (the question mark (?) indicates any character).
|
||
\dl |
This is an alias for \lo_list, which shows a list of large objects. |
- |
Lists all large objects.
|
||
\dL[S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all available program languages. |
If PATTERN is specified, only languages whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all available program languages.
|
||
\dm[S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists materialized views. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only materialized views whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists materialized views.
|
||
\dn[S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all schemas (namespace). If + is added to the command, the permission and description of each schema are listed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only schemas whose names match the pattern are shown. By default, only schemas you created are displayed. |
Lists information about all schemas whose names start with d.
|
||
\do[S] [PATTERN] |
Lists available operators with their operand and return types. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only operators whose names match PATTERN are displayed. By default, only the operators created by the user are listed. |
Lists available operators with their operand and return types.
|
||
\dO[S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists collation rules. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only rules whose names match PATTERN are displayed. By default, only user-created rules are shown. |
Lists collation rules.
|
||
\dp [PATTERN] |
Lists tables, views, and related permissions. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. The following result about \dp is displayed: rolename=xxxx/yyyy -- Assigns permissions to a role. =xxxx/yyyy -- Assigns permissions to public. xxxx indicates the assigned permissions, and yyyy indicates the roles with the assigned permissions. For details about permission descriptions, see Table 5. |
If PATTERN is specified, only tables and views whose names match the pattern are shown. |
Lists tables, views, and related permissions.
|
||
\drds [PATTERN1 [PATTERN2]] |
Lists all parameters that have been modified. These settings can be for roles, for databases, or for both. PATTERN1 and PATTERN2 indicate a role pattern and a database pattern, respectively. |
If PATTERN is specified, only collations rules whose names match PATTERN are displayed. If the default value is used or * is specified, all settings are listed. |
List all the modified configuration parameters of the database.
|
||
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all data types. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only types whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all data types.
|
||
\du[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists all database roles. Since the concepts of "users" and "groups" have been unified into "roles", this command is now equivalent to \dg. Both commands are retained to ensure compatibility with earlier versions. |
If PATTERN is specified, only roles whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists all database roles.
|
||
\dE[S+] [PATTERN] \di[S+] [PATTERN] \ds[S+] [PATTERN] \dt[S+] [PATTERN] \dv[S+] [PATTERN] |
In this group of commands, the letters E, i, s, t, and v stand for foreign table, index, sequence, table, and view, respectively. You can specify any or a combination of these letters sequenced in any order to obtain an object list. When objects with the same name exist in different schemas in search_path, only the object in the schema that ranks first in search_path is displayed. For example, \dit lists all indexes and tables. If + is added to the end of a command name, the physical size and related description of each object are also listed. |
If PATTERN is specified, only objects whose names match PATTERN are displayed. By default, only objects you created are displayed. You can specify PATTERN or S to view other system objects. |
Lists all indexes and views.
|
||
\dx[+] [PATTERN] |
Lists installed extensions. |
If PATTERN is specified, only extensions whose names match PATTERN are displayed. |
Lists installed extensions.
|
||
\l[+] |
Lists the names, owners, character set encodings, and permissions of all the databases in the server. |
- |
List the names, owners, character set encodings, and permissions of all the databases in the server.
|
||
\sf[+] FUNCNAME |
Displays the definition of a function. If the function name contains parentheses, enclose the function name with double quotation marks and add the parameter type list following the double quotation marks. Also enclose the list with parentheses. |
- |
Assume a function function_a and a function func()name. This parameter will be as follows:
|
||
\z [PATTERN] |
Lists all tables, views, and sequences in the database and their access permissions. |
If a pattern is given, it is a regular expression, and only matched tables, views, and sequences are shown. |
Lists all tables, views, and sequences in the database and their access permissions.
|
Parameter |
Description |
---|---|
r |
SELECT: allows users to read data from specified tables and views. |
w |
UPDATE: allows users to update columns for specified tables. |
a |
INSERT: allows users to insert data to specified tables. |
d |
DELETE: allows users to delete data from specified tables. |
D |
TRUNCATE: allows users to delete all data from specified tables. |
x |
REFERENCES: allows users to create a foreign key constraint (not supported in distributed mode). |
t |
TRIGGER: allows users to create a trigger on specified tables. |
X |
EXECUTE: allows users to use specified functions and the operators that are realized by the functions. |
U |
USAGE:
|
C |
CREATE:
|
c |
CONNECT: allows users to connect to specified databases. |
T |
TEMPORARY: allows users to create temporary tables. |
A |
ALTER: allows users to modify the attributes of a specified object. |
P |
DROP: allows users to delete specified objects. |
m |
COMMENT: allows users to define or modify comments of a specified object. |
i |
INDEX: allows users to create indexes on specified tables. |
v |
VACUUM: allows users to perform ANALYZE and VACUUM operations on specified tables. |
* |
Authorization options for preceding permissions. |
Parameter |
Description |
---|---|
\a |
Switches between aligned and unaligned table output formats. |
\C [STRING] |
Sets the title of any table being printed as the result of a query or unsets any such title. |
\f [STRING] |
Sets the field separator for unaligned query outputs. |
\H |
|
\pset NAME [VALUE] |
Sets options affecting the output of query result tables. For details about the value of NAME, see Table 7. |
\t [on|off] |
Switches the display of output name information and row count footer. |
\T [STRING] |
Specifies attributes to be placed within the table tag in HTML output format. If this parameter is empty, no attribute is specified. |
\x [on|off|auto] |
Switches expanded table formatting mode. |
Option |
Description |
Value Range |
---|---|---|
border |
The value must be a number. In general, the larger the number, the more borders and lines the tables will have, but this depends on the particular format. |
|
expanded (or x) |
Switches between regular and expanded formats. |
|
fieldsep |
Specifies the field separator to be used in unaligned output mode. In this way, you can create tab- or comma-separated output required by other programs. To set a tab as field separator, type \pset fieldsep '\t'. The default field separator is a vertical bar ('|'). |
- |
fieldsep_zero |
Sets the field separator to use in unaligned output format to a zero byte. |
- |
footer |
Switches the display of the default footer. |
- |
format |
Selects the output format. Unique abbreviations are allowed (this indicates that one letter is enough). |
Value range:
|
null |
Sets a character string to be printed in place of a null value. |
The default is to print nothing, which can be easily mistaken for an empty string. |
numericlocale |
Switches the display of a locale-aware character to separate groups of digits to the left of the decimal marker. |
If this parameter is ignored, the default separator is displayed. |
pager |
Controls the use of a pager for query and gsql help outputs. If the PAGER environment variable is set, the output is redirected to the specified program. Otherwise, the platform-dependent default value is used. |
|
recordsep |
Specifies the record separator to use in unaligned output mode. |
- |
recordsep_zero |
Sets the record separator to use in unaligned output format to a zero byte. |
- |
tableattr (or T) |
Specifies attributes to be placed inside the HTML table tag in HTML output format (such as cellpadding or bgcolor). Note that you do not need to specify border here because it has been used by \pset border. If no value is given, the table attributes do not need to be set. |
- |
title |
Sets the table title for any subsequently printed tables. This can be used to give your output descriptive tags. If no value is given, the title does not need to be set. |
- |
tuples_only (or t) |
Enables or disables the tuples-only mode. Full display may show extra information, such as column headers, titles, and various footers. In tuples-only mode, only the table data is shown. |
- |
feedback |
Specifies whether to output the number of result lines. |
- |
Parameter |
Description |
Value Range |
---|---|---|
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] |
Connects to a new database. If a database name contains more than 63 bytes, only the first 63 bytes are valid and are used for connection. However, the database name displayed in the command line of gsql is still the name before the truncation. If the database login user is changed during reconnection, you need to enter the password of the new user. The maximum length of the password is 999 bytes, which is restricted by the maximum value of the GUC parameter password_max_length. |
- |
\encoding [ENCODING] |
Sets the client character set encoding. |
Without an argument, this command shows the current encoding. |
\conninfo |
Prints information about the current connected database. |
- |
Parameter |
Description |
Value Range |
---|---|---|
\cd [DIR] |
Changes the current working directory. |
An absolute path or relative path that meets the OS path naming convention |
\setenv NAME [VALUE] |
Sets the NAME environment variable to VALUE. If VALUE is not provided, do not set the environment variable. |
- |
\timing [on|off] |
Toggles a display of how long each SQL statement takes, in milliseconds (exclude the time of screen displaying). |
|
\! [COMMAND] |
Escapes to a separate Unix shell or runs a Unix command. |
- |
Parameter |
Description |
---|---|
\prompt [TEXT] NAME |
Prompts the user to use texts to specify a variable name. |
\set [NAME [VALUE]] |
Sets the NAME internal variable to VALUE. If more than one value is provided, NAME is set to the concatenation of all of them. If no second argument is given, the variable is just set with no value. Some common variables are processed differently in gsql and they are combinations of uppercase letters, numbers and underscores. Table 11 describes a list of variables that are processed in a way different from other variables. |
\unset NAME |
Deletes the variable name of gsql. |
Command |
Command Description |
Value Range |
---|---|---|
\set VERBOSITY value |
This variable can be set to default, verbose, or terse to control redundant lines of error reports. |
Value range: default, verbose, terse |
\set ON_ERROR_STOP value |
If this variable is set, the script execution stops immediately. If this script is called from another script, that script will be stopped immediately as well. If the primary script is called using the -f option rather than from one gsql session, gsql will return error code 3, indicating the difference between the current error and critical errors. (The error code for critical errors is 1.) |
Value range: on/off, true/false, yes/no, and 1/0 |
\set AUTOCOMMIT [on|off] |
Sets the auto commit behavior of the current gsql connection. on indicates that auto commit is enabled, and off indicates that auto commit is disabled. By default, the gsql connection is automatically committed, and each individual statement is implicitly committed. If auto commit is disabled for performance or other purposes, you need to explicitly run the COMMIT command to ensure that transactions are committed. For example, execute the COMMIT statement to explicitly commit transactions after a specified service SQL statement is executed. Particularly, ensure that all transactions are committed before the gsql client exits. The auto commit is enabled in gsql by default. If you disable it, all the statements executed later will be packaged in implicit transactions, and you cannot execute statements that cannot be executed within transactions. |
|
PATTERN
The various \d commands accept a PATTERN parameter to specify the object name to be displayed. In the simplest case, PATTERN is the exact name of the object. Characters in PATTERN are usually converted to lowercase (as in SQL names), for example, \dt FOO will display a table named foo. As in SQL names, placing double quotation marks (") around a pattern prevents them being folded to lower case. If you need to include a double quotation mark (") in a pattern, write it as a pair of double quotation marks ("") within a double-quote sequence, which is in accordance with the rules for SQL quoted identifiers. For example, \dt "FOO""BAR" will be displayed as a table named FOO"BAR instead of foo"bar. You cannot put double quotation marks around just part of a pattern, which is different from the normal rules for SQL names. For example, \dt FOO"FOO"BAR will be displayed as a table named fooFOObar if just part of a pattern is quoted.
Whenever the PATTERN parameter is omitted completely, the \d commands display all objects that are visible in the current schema search path, which is equivalent to using an asterisk (*) as the pattern. An object is regarded to be visible if it can be referenced by name without explicit schema qualification. To see all objects in the database regardless of their visibility, use a dot within double quotation marks (*.*) as the pattern.
Within a pattern, the asterisk (*) matches any sequence of characters (including no characters) and a question mark (?) matches any single character. This notation is comparable to Unix shell file name patterns. For example, \dt int* displays tables whose names start with int. But within double quotation marks, the asterisk (*) and the question mark (?) lose these special meanings and are just matched literally.
A pattern that contains a dot (.) is interpreted as a schema name pattern followed by an object name pattern. For example, \dt foo*.*bar* displays all tables (whose names include bar) in schemas starting with foo. If no dot appears, then the pattern matches only visible objects in the current schema search path. Likewise, the dot within double quotation marks loses its special meaning and becomes an ordinary character.
Senior users can use regular-expression notations, such as character classes. For example [0-9] can be used to match any digit. All regular-expression special characters work as specified in POSIX. The following characters are excluded:
- A dot (.) is used as a separator.
- An asterisk (*) is translated into an asterisk prefixed with a dot (.*), which is a regular-expression marking.
- A question mark (?) is translated into a dot (.).
- A dollar sign ($) is matched literally.
You can write ?, (R+|), (R|), and R to the following pattern characters: ., R*, and R?. The dollar sign ($) does not need to be used as a regular expression character because PATTERN must match the entire name instead of being interpreted as a regular expression (in other words, $ is automatically appended to PATTERN). If you do not expect a pattern to be anchored, write an asterisk (*) at its beginning or end. All regular-expression special characters within double quotation marks lose their special meanings and are matched literally. Regular-expression special characters in operator name patterns (such as the \do parameter) are also matched literally.
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