- Function Overview
- Product Bulletin
- Service Overview
- Billing
- Getting Started
- Kernels
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User Guide
- Using IAM to Grant Access to RDS
- Buying an RDS for MySQL DB Instance
- Instance Connection
- Database Usage
- Database Migration
- Version Upgrade
- Instance Management
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Instance Modifications
- Changing a DB Instance Name
- Changing a DB Instance Description
- Changing the Replication Mode
- Changing the Failover Priority
- Changing Read/Write Permissions
- Enabling or Disabling Event Scheduler
- Changing a DB Instance Class
- Changing a Storage Type
- Configuring Auto Scaling of vCPUs and Memory
- Scaling Up Storage Space
- Configuring Storage Autoscaling
- Changing the Maintenance Window
- Changing a DB Instance Type from Single to Primary/Standby
- Promoting a Read Replica to Primary
- Manually Switching Between Primary and Standby DB Instances
- Changing the AZ of a Standby DB Instance
- Updating the OS of a DB Instance
- Data Backups
- Data Restorations
- Read Replicas
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Database Proxy (Read/Write Splitting)
- Introduction to RDS for MySQL Database Proxy
- Constraints on Database Proxy
- Using RDS for MySQL Database Proxies for Read/Write Splitting
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Database Proxy Configurations
- Configuring Transaction Splitting
- Configuring Connection Pools
- Modifying Read/Write Splitting Parameters
- Configuring the Delay Threshold and Routing Policy
- Enabling or Disabling Access Control
- Changing the Read/Write Splitting Address
- Applying for and Changing a Private Domain Name for a Database Proxy
- Changing the Read/Write Splitting Port
- Changing the Number of Proxy Nodes
- Changing the Instance Class of a DB Proxy Instance
- Configuring Multi-Statement Processing Modes
- Changing a Proxy from Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
- Database Proxy Lifecycle
- Database Proxy Kernel Versions
- Best Practices for Database Proxy
- Problem Diagnosis and SQL Analysis
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Security and Encryption
- Database Account Security
- Resetting the Administrator Password to Restore root Access
- Changing a Security Group
- Performing a Server-Side Encryption
- Configuring an SSL Connection
- Configuring the TDE Function
- Configuring a Password Expiration Policy
- Unbinding an EIP
- Using the Database of the Latest Version
- Using DBSS (Recommended)
- Parameters
- Log Management
- Metrics and Alarms
- Billing Management
- Interconnection with CTS
- RDS for MySQL Product Series
- Task Center
- RDS for MySQL Tags
- RDS for MySQL Quotas
- MySQL Memory Acceleration
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Best Practices
- Best Practices
- Migrating Data from Self-Managed MySQL Databases to RDS for MySQL
- Configuring Remote Single-Active DR for an RDS for MySQL Instance Using DRS
- Migrating MySQL Databases from Other Clouds to RDS for MySQL
- Using RDS for MySQL to Set Up WordPress
- Using RDS for MySQL to Set Up Discuz!
- Description of innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit and sync_binlog
- How Do I Improve the Query Speed of My RDS for MySQL Instance?
- Handling RDS for MySQL Long Transactions
- Configuring a Scheduled Event for an RDS for MySQL Instance
- Security Best Practices
- MySQL Online DDL Tools
- Performance White Paper
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FAQs
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Product Consulting
- What Should I Pay Attention to When Using RDS?
- Will My RDS DB Instances Be Affected by Other User Instances?
- Will Different RDS DB Instances Share CPU and Memory Resources?
- How Long Does It Take to Create an RDS for MySQL Instance?
- What Can I Do About Slow Responses of Websites When They Use RDS?
- What Is the Time Delay for Primary/Standby Replication?
- Can Multiple ECSs Connect to the Same RDS DB Instance?
- Will Backups Be Encrypted After Disk Encryption Is Enabled for My RDS for MySQL Instance?
- What Is the Availability of RDS DB Instances?
- Does RDS Support Cross-AZ High Availability?
- Can RDS Primary/Standby DB Instances Be Changed to Single-Node DB Instances?
- What Are the Differences Between RDS for MySQL and TaurusDB?
- Does RDS Support CloudPond?
- What Encryption Functions Does RDS for MySQL Support?
- Is RDS for MySQL Compatible with MariaDB?
- Does RDS for MySQL Support TokuDB?
- What Are the Restrictions on RDS for MySQL Instances After GTID Is Enabled?
- What Is the Maximum Size Allowed for a Single Table in RDS for MySQL Instances?
- Can I Use an Encrypted Password to Log In to an RDS DB Instance?
- What Are the Differences Between Floating and Private IP Addresses of RDS DB Instances?
- What Can I Do If I Can't Find My RDS Resources?
- Resource Freezing, Release, Stopping, Deletion, and Unsubscription
- Resource and Disk Management
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Database Connection
- What Should I Do If I Can't Connect to My RDS DB Instance?
- What Do I Do If the Number of RDS Database Connections Reaches the Upper Limit?
- What Is the Maximum Number of Connections to an RDS DB Instance?
- What Should I Do If an ECS Cannot Connect to an RDS DB Instance Through a Private Network?
- What Should I Do If My RDS Instance Fails to Be Connected Due to Database Client Problems?
- What Should I Do If an RDS Database Problem Causes a Connection Failure?
- Do Applications Need to Support Reconnecting to an RDS DB Instance Automatically?
- Why Can't I Ping My EIP After It Is Bound to an RDS DB Instance?
- Can I Access an RDS DB Instance Over an Intranet Connection Across Regions?
- Why Did the New Password Not Take Effect After I Reset the Administrator Password of My RDS Instance?
- Can I Access Standby RDS DB Instances?
- How Do I Check the Connections to an RDS for MySQL Instance?
- What Should I Do If an ECS and RDS Instance Deployed in Different VPCs Cannot Communicate with Each Other?
- Will My Access Be Restricted by Bandwidth When I Connect to My Instance from an ECS over a Private Network?
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Database Migration
- What Types of DB Engines Does RDS Support for Importing Data?
- Why Do I Need to Use the mysqldump or pg_dump Tools for Migration?
- What Should I Do When a Large Number of Binlog Files Cause Storage Space Insufficiency During an RDS MySQL Instance Migration?
- Precautions for Exporting Large Tables Through mysqldump
- Commands for Exporting Data Through mysqldump
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Database Permission
- Why Does the Root User of My RDS Instance Not Have the Super Permissions?
- What Are the Differences Between RDS ManageAccess and DAS Permissions?
- How Do I View Authorized Databases After a Local Client Is Connected to an RDS DB Instance?
- Can Multiple Users Log In to an RDS Instance Through DAS at the Same Time? Will the Accounts Be Locked If I Enter Wrong Passwords Several Times in a Row?
- Does RDS for MySQL Support Multiple Accounts?
- Database Storage
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Database Usage
- How Do I Use DAS to Query SQL Statements?
- How Do I View Session IDs and Login and Logout Time of an RDS Database?
- What Should I Do If the root Account of My RDS for MySQL Instance Was Deleted by Mistake?
- What Should I Do If Garbled Characters Are Displayed After SQL Query Results Are Exported to an Excel File for My RDS Instance?
- Does the OPTIMIZE TABLE Operation Lock Tables on an RDS DB Instance?
- Does RDS for MySQL 8.0 Support Full-Text Search?
- How Do I Use the mysqlbinlog Tool?
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Backup and Restoration
- How Do I View My Backup Storage Usage?
- How Is RDS Backup Data Billed?
- Why Has Automated Backup of My RDS Instance Failed?
- Why Is Data Lost or Deleted from My RDS Instance?
- How Long Does RDS Store Backup Data For?
- How Do I Clear RDS Backup Space?
- Can My RDS Instance Still Be Used in the Backup Window?
- How Can I Back Up an RDS Database to an ECS?
- Can I Dump RDS for MySQL Backups to My OBS Bucket?
- Does RDS for MySQL Support Table-Level Backup to a Specified OBS Bucket?
- Can I Delete the RDS for MySQL Backup Policy?
- Read Replicas and Read/Write Splitting
- Database Monitoring
- Capacity Expansion and Specification Change
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Database Parameter Modification
- Can I Use SQL Commands to Modify Global Parameters of My RDS Instance?
- How Do I Change the Time Zone of My RDS for MySQL Instance?
- How Do I Set the Encoding Format of the RDS for MySQL 8.0 Character Set?
- How Do I Set Case Sensitivity for RDS for MySQL Table Names?
- How Do I Enable Query Caching for My RDS for MySQL Instance?
- How Do I Configure a Password Expiration Policy for My RDS for MySQL Instance?
- How Do I Change the Transaction Isolation Level of an RDS for MySQL Instance?
- How Do I Ensure that the Character Set of an RDS MySQL Database Is Correct?
- How Do I Use the utf8mb4 Character Set to Store Emojis in an RDS for MySQL DB Instance?
- Where Should I Store NDF Files for RDS for SQL Server?
- Log Management
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Network Security
- How Can Data Security Be Ensured During Transmission When I Access an RDS Instance Through an EIP?
- How Can I Prevent Untrusted Source IP Addresses from Accessing RDS?
- How Do I Import the SSL Certificate of an RDS Instance to a Windows or Linux Server?
- How Do I Check the Validity Period of the SSL Certificate of My RDS for MySQL Instance?
- What Are the Possible Causes for Data Corruption of an RDS Instance?
- After My RDS DB Instance Is Deleted, Why Can't the Associated Security Group Be Deleted Immediately?
- Version Upgrade
- Developer-Related APIs and SDKs for RDS
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Product Consulting
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Troubleshooting
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Backup and Restoration Issues
- No SUPER Permissions When Restoring an RDS for MySQL Full Backup to a Local MySQL Database
- Backup Failures Due to DDL Operations
- Restoring an On-Premises or Huawei Cloud Backup File to an RDS DB Instance
- RDS for MySQL Backup Job Failure
- Manual Backups Taking More Time Than Automated Full Backups
- Incorrect Login Password During Data Restoration from a Local Backup File
- Automated Incremental Backup Failed Due to Full Storage
- RDS Point-in-Time Restoration Task Failure
- SQL Statements Such as SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN Displayed After You Run mysqldump
- Insufficient Permissions During Data Export Using mysqldump
- Key Considered Invalid or Deleted During Table-Level PITR
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Primary/Standby Replication Issues
- How Primary/Standby Replication Works
- Automatic Recovery of Extended Primary/Standby Replication Delay
- Primary/Standby Replication Delay Scenarios and Solutions
- Abnormal Replication Between Primary and Standby RDS DB Instances
- Primary/Standby Replication Delay Increases Sharply and Then Decreases
- Insufficient Permissions Reported for Canal
- Canal Fails to Parse Binlogs
- RDS for MySQL Binlog Issues
- Parameter-related Issues
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Performance Issues
- High CPU Usage
- Out of Memory (OOM) Errors
- Insufficient Disk Bandwidth
- Slow SQL Statements Due to Improper Composite Index Settings
- DB Instance Becoming Read-Only Due to Insufficient Storage
- High Storage Usage Due to Uncleared Old Binlogs
- Slow Response Due to Deadlocks
- Read Replica Uses Far More Storage Than the Primary Instance
- CPU Usage Increase
- Slow SQL Execution Due to Hot and Cold Data Problems
- High Table Fragmentation Rate
- Full Storage Caused by Complex Queries
- Why Is My SQL Query So Slow?
- Instance Class Change or Minor Version Upgrade Failure Caused by Long Transactions
- Native Error 1461 Reported by an RDS for MySQL DB Instance
- System Inaccessible After Field Addition to an RDS for MySQL Database Table
- Storage Filled Up by Undo Logs Due to Long Transactions
- Locating Long Transactions
- Sharp Increase in the Commit Time of Some SQL Statements
- Oversized ibdata1
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SQL Issues
- Double Quotation Marks Cannot Be Identified During SQL Statement Execution
- Error 1366 Reported When Data Containing Emojis Is Updated
- Failed to Change the varchar Length Due to the Index Length Limit
- Invalid TIMESTAMP Default Value during Table Creation
- AUTO_INCREMENT Not Displayed in the Table Structure
- Slow Stored Procedure Execution Due to Inconsistent Collations
- ERROR [1412] Reported for a DB Instance
- Error Message "Too many keys specified" Displayed When a Secondary Index Is Created
- Failed to Delete a Table with a Foreign Key
- DISTINCT and GROUP BY Optimization
- Character Set and Collation Settings
- An Error Message Is Displayed When a User Is Created for a DB Instance
- Slow SQL Queries After a Large Amount of Data Is Deleted from a Large Table
- Event Scheduler Not Taking Effect Immediately After Being Enabled
- Equivalent Comparison Failures with Floating-Point Numbers
- A Large Number of SELECT Requests Routed to The Primary Instance After Database Proxy Is Enabled
- RENAME USER Execution Failure
- ERROR[1451] Reported When a Table with Foreign Keys Cannot Be Deleted
- Solution to the Failure of Converting the Field Type
- "Row size too large" Reported When an RDS for MySQL Table Failed to Be Created
- ERROR [1412] Reported by an RDS for MySQL DB Instance
- Instance Reboot Failure or ERROR 1146: Table 'xxx' doesn't exist Reported During Table Operations
- Error Reported During Pagination Query
- Error Reported During User Creation
- Syntax Error Reported When GRANT Is Used to Grant All Privileges
- Error Reported During Table Creation for an RDS for MySQL 5.6 DB Instance
- Inconsistent Data Obtained on the Primary and Standby Nodes When a Query Is Performed Using an Auto-Increment Primary Key Value
- "Data too long for column" Displayed When Data Is Inserted into an RDS for MySQL Instance
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Connection Issues
- "Access denied" Displayed During Database Connection
- Failed to Connect to a Database Using mariadb-connector in SSL Mode
- Error Message "connection established slowly"
- Login Failed After ssl_type of root Is Changed to ANY
- Error Reported During Login to a DB Instance Through DAS
- "Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements" Displayed When Permissions Are Granted or Revoked on DAS
- SSL Connection Failed Due to Inconsistent TLS Versions
- Failed to Connect to a Database as root
- RDS for MySQL Client Automatically Disconnected from a DB Instance
- RDS for MySQL DB Instance Inaccessible
- Login Failed After the authentication_string Field Is Changed to Display the Password for RDS for MySQL
- MySQL-server Connection Failure After a Version Upgrade of RDS for MySQL
- Connection Exit Due to Improper Timeout Parameter Settings
- Database Connection Through Code (php/java/python) Failed After SSL Is Enabled
- There Is a Disconnection Every 45 Days Due to the istio-citadel Certificate System
- Error 1251 Reported During Login to a DB Instance on the Navicat Client After the Database Version Is Upgraded
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Other Issues
- No Scanned Rows Recorded in Slow Query Logs
- Rows Recorded in the SQL Diagnosis Result Far Less Than the Scanned Rows Recorded in Slow Query Logs
- Millisecond-Level SQL Statements Recorded in Slow Query Logs
- Viewing Storage of RDS DB Instances
- "The table is full" Displayed in Error Logs
- Audit Log Upload Policy Description
- Auto-increment Field Values
- Starting Value and Increment of AUTO_INCREMENT
- AUTO_INCREMENT Value Exceeding the Maximum Value of This Field plus 1
- Auto-Increment Field Value Jump
- Changing the AUTO_INCREMENT Value of a Table
- Failed to Insert Data Because Values for the Auto-increment Primary Key Field Reach the Upper Limit
- The Impact of Creating an Empty Username
- Connection to a Primary/Standby DB Instance Suspended Using pt-osc
- Error Reported During Payment for a DB Instance
- Failed to Change a Database Name
- Error Reported When a DB Instance Is Purchased
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Backup and Restoration Issues
- General Reference
Show all
Function Overview
- ALL
- RDS for MySQL
- Billing
- Connecting to an RDS DB Instance
- Data Migration
- Resetting the Administrator Password
- Enabling Public Accessibility
- Read Replicas
- Scaling Up Storage Space
- Changing DB Instance Classes (CPU and memory)
- Backup and Restoration
- Parameter Templates
- Database Proxy
- DBA Assistant
- Logs
- APIs
- SDKs
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RDS for MySQL
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MySQL is one of the world's most popular open-source relational databases. It works with the Linux, Apache, and Perl/PHP/Python (LAMP) model to provide efficient web solutions. RDS for MySQL is reliable, secure, scalable, inexpensive, easy to manage, and immediately ready for use.
- It uses a stable architecture and supports various web applications. In addition, it is cost-effective and is preferred by small- and medium-sized enterprises.
- A web-based console is available for you to monitor comprehensive information, making operations easy and visual.
- Resources can be flexibly scaled and you pay for only what you use.
All regions
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Billing
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RDS provides yearly/monthly and pay-per-user billing options to help optimized costs.
- Yearly/monthly provides a larger discount than pay-per-use billing and is recommended for long-term use.
- Pay-per-use (hourly) allows you to pay for only the resources you actually use. Pricing is listed on a per-hour basis, but bills are calculated down to the second.
- You can change the billing mode of an instance from yearly/monthly to pay-per-use, or from pay-per-use to yearly/monthly.
- Yearly/monthly provides a larger discount than pay-per-use billing and is recommended for long-term use.
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Connecting to an RDS DB Instance
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You can access RDS through Data Admin Service (DAS), a private network, or a public network.
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Connecting to a DB Instance Through DAS
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DAS is a web-based console that simplifies database management and improves efficiency. You can connect and manage DB instances through DAS. By default, you have the remote login permission. It is recommended that you connect to DB instances through DAS, which is more secure and convenient.
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Connecting to a DB Instance Through a Private Network
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A private (floating) IP address is provided by default. If your applications are deployed on an ECS that is in the same region and VPC as your RDS DB instance, you are advised to use a private IP address to connect the ECS and RDS DB instance.
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Connecting to a DB Instance Through a Public Network
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If you cannot access a DB instance through a private IP address, bind an EIP to the DB instance first and connect the ECS to the DB instance through the EIP.
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Data Migration
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RDS offers various migration methods:
For MySQL instances:
- Migrate data using DRS
- Migrate data using mysqldump
Among these migration methods, DRS is recommended because it is stable, efficient, easy to use, and simplifies the complexity of data transmission and reduces the transmission costs.
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Resetting the Administrator Password
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You can reset the password of your database account when using RDS. If an exception occurs on the root account, for example, the root account is lost or deleted, you can reset the root password to restore the account rights.
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Enabling Public Accessibility
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You can bind an EIP to the DB instance for public accessibility and can also unbind the EIP from the DB instance as needed.
- You can bind an EIP to a primary DB instance or a read replica only.
- If a DB instance has already been bound with an EIP, you must unbind the EIP from the DB instance first before binding a new EIP to it.
All regions
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Read Replicas
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In read-intensive scenarios, a single DB instance may be unable to handle the read pressure and service performance may be affected. To offload read pressure on the database, you can create read replicas in a region. These read replicas can process a large number of read requests and increase application throughput.
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Scaling Up Storage Space
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You can scale up storage space if it is no longer sufficient for your requirements. If the DB instance status is Storage full and data cannot be written to databases, you need to scale up storage space. Services are not interrupted during storage scaling up.
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Changing DB Instance Classes (CPU and memory)
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You can change the DB instance class of a DB instance as required. If the status of a DB instance changes from Changing instance class to Available, the change is successful.
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Backup and Restoration
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RDS supports the following restoration methods:
- Instance-level restoration: Automated or manual backups can be used to restore the entire DB instance.
- Database table-level restoration: Automated backup files can be used to restore database tables to a specified time point.
- Local restoration: Local backup files can be used for local storage backup or data restoration.
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Parameter Templates
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You can use database parameter templates to manage DB engine configurations. A database parameter template acts as a container for engine configuration values that can be applied to one or more DB instances.
When creating a DB instance, you can use a default parameter template or create a custom template. After the DB instance is created, you can change the applied parameter template.
- Default parameter template
DB engine defaults and database system defaults are included in default parameter templates.
- Custom parameter template
If you want to use your custom parameter settings, you can create a parameter template and apply it with your DB instance.
- Default parameter template
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Database Proxy
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Read/write splitting enables read and write requests to be automatically routed through a read/write splitting address. You can enable read/write splitting after read replicas are created. Write requests are automatically routed to the primary DB instance and read requests are routed to read replicas or the primary DB instance by user-defined weights.
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DBA Assistant
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DBA Assistant provides you with a range of database O&M functions, making it easy to diagnose database problems, locate faults, analyze and optimize database performance. The functions include Dashboard, Sessions, Performance, Storage Analysis, Locks & Transactions, Slow Query Log, SQL Explorer, Concurrency Control, Auto Flow Control, and Daily Reports.
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Logs
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- Error logs contain logs generated during the database running. They can help you analyze database problems.
- Slow query logs record statements that exceed long_query_time (1s by default). You can view log details and statistics to identify statements that are executing slowly and need to be optimized.
- Failover/switchover logs help you evaluate the impact of primary/standby switchovers on your workloads.
- SQL Audit records all SQL operations in log files for download and query.
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APIs
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RDS supports v3 APIs. You can invoke RDS APIs to perform a range of operations, such as DB instance creation and deletion, backup and restoration, and parameter query and modifications.
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SDKs
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With RDS SDKs, you can easily invoke RDS APIs to create applications on HUAWEI CLOUD. Currently, SDKs support Java, Python, and Go languages.
All regions
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