GaussDB(DWS)
GaussDB(DWS)
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What's New
Product Bulletin
Product Notice
GaussDB(DWS) Hot Data Storage Resource Price Adjustment on May 27th, 2024
Checking the GaussDB (DWS) Version
Version 8.1.3
New Features in Version 8.1.3
New Features and Resolved Issues in 8.1.3.x
Version 8.1.1
Version Support Notes
Function Overview
Service Overview
What Is GaussDB(DWS)?
Data Warehouse Types
Data Warehouse Flavors
Advantages
Application Scenarios
Functions
Concepts
Related Services
Security
Shared Responsibilities
Authentication and Access Control
Resource Access Control (IAM Permission Control)
Separation of Database Access Permissions
Permissions Management Using GRANT and REVOKE
Row-Level Access Control
Data Protection Technologies
Data Backup
Transparent Data Encryption
SSL-encrypted Data Transmission
Data Redaction
Function-based Encryption
Audit and Logging
Service Resilience
Risk Monitoring
Certificates
Security Notices
Vulnerability Fixing Description
GaussDB(DWS) Permissions Management
GaussDB(DWS) Access
Pricing Details
Restrictions
Service Quotas
Technical Specifications
Version Description
Getting Started
Checkpoint Vehicle Analysis
Supply Chain Requirement Analysis of a Company
Operations Status Analysis of a Retail Department Store
Creating a Time Series Table
Best Practices of Hot and Cold Data Management
Best Practices for Automatic Partition Management
Creating a Cluster and Connecting to It
Step 1: Starting Preparations
Step 2: Creating a Cluster
Step 3: Connecting to a Cluster
Step 4: Viewing Other Documents and Deleting Resources
Using CDM to Migrate MySQL Data to the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Using DLI Flink Jobs to Write Kafka Data to GaussDB(DWS) in Real Time
Basic SQL Operations
Database Quick Start
Before You Start
Creating and Managing Databases
Planning a Storage Model
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating a Table
Inserting Data to a Table
Updating Data in a Table
Viewing Data
Deleting Data from a Table
Loading Sample Data
Querying System Catalogs
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Partitioned Tables
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Managing Scheduled Tasks
Management Guide
Procedure for Using GaussDB(DWS)
Preparations
Creating or Deleting a Cluster
Accessing the GaussDB(DWS) Management Console
Creating a Dedicated Cluster
Creating a Cluster
Creating a DWS 3.0 Cluster
Purchasing a Discount Package
Yearly/Monthly Billing
Deleting a Cluster
Cluster Connection
Methods of Connecting to a Cluster
Obtaining the Cluster Connection Address
Using the Data Studio GUI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the gsql CLI Client to Connect to a Cluster
Downloading the Client
Using the Linux gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Windows gsql Client to Connect to a Cluster
Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSL Mode
Using the JDBC and ODBC Drivers to Connect to a Cluster
Development Specifications
JDBC Version Description
Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver
Using JDBC to Connect to a Cluster
Configuring JDBC to Connect to a Cluster (Load Balancing Mode)
Configuring JDBC to Connect to a Cluster (IAM Authentication Mode)
Using ODBC to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Third-Party Function Library psycopg2 of Python to Connect to a Cluster
Using the Python Library PyGreSQL to Connect to a Cluster
Managing Database Connections
SQL Editor Development Tool
Overview
Using the SQL Editor to Connect to a Cluster
Data Development Operations
Data Development Settings
Monitoring and Alarms
Dashboard
Databases Monitoring (DMS)
Database Monitoring Overview
Monitoring Metrics
Cluster Overview
Monitoring
Node Monitoring
Performance Monitoring
Database Monitoring
Real-Time Queries
Historical Queries
Instance Monitoring
Resource Pool Monitoring
Utilities
SQL Diagnosis
SQL Probes
Table Diagnosis
Intelligent Distribution Column Recommendation
Workload Analysis
Workload Analysis Overview
Workload Snapshots
Workload Reports
Settings
Checking Task Details
Typical Scenarios
SQL Diagnosis
Monitoring Clusters Using Cloud Eye
Alarms
Alarm Management
Alarm Rules
Alarm Subscriptions
Alarm Handling
DWS_2000000001 Node CPU Usage Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000006 Node Data Disk Usage Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000009 Node Data Disk I/O Usage Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000012 Node Data Disk Latency Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000016 Data Spilled to Disks for a Query Statement Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000017 Number of Queuing Query Statements Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000018 Queue Congestion in the Cluster Default Resource Pool
DWS_2000000020 SQL Probe of the Cluster Usage Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000023 Vacuum Full Operation That Holds A Table Lock Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000027 Instance Memory Usage of a Node in a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Exceeds the Threshold
DWS_2000000028 Dynamic Memory Usage of a Node in a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster Exceeds the Threshold
Event Notifications
Event Notifications Overview
Subscribing to Event Notifications
Viewing Events
Specifications Change and Scaling
Viewing Inspection Results
Managing Nodes
Scaling Nodes
Scaling Out a Cluster
Cluster Redistribution
Redistributing Data
Viewing Redistribution Details
Scaling In a Cluster
Changing Specifications
Changing the Node Flavor
Changing All Specifications
Disk Capacity Expansion of an EVS Cluster
Backup and Disaster Recovery
Snapshots
Overview
Manual Snapshots
Creating a Manual Snapshot
Deleting a Manual Snapshot
Automated Snapshots
Automatic Snapshot Overview
Configuring an Automated Snapshot Policy
Copying Automated Snapshots
Deleting an Automated Snapshot
Viewing Snapshot Information
Restoration Using a Snapshot
Constraints on Restoring a Snapshot
Restoring a Snapshot to a New Cluster
Restoring a Snapshot to the Original Cluster
Configuring a Snapshot
Stopping Snapshot Creation
Cluster DR
DR Overview
Creating a DR Task
Viewing DR Information
DR Management
Mutually Exclusive DR Cases
Intelligent O&M
Overview
Managing O&M Plans
Viewing O&M Tasks
Cluster Management
Modifying Database Parameters
Checking the Cluster Status
Viewing Cluster Details
Changing a Cluster Name
O&M Account
Common O&M Commands
Managing Access Domain Names
Cluster Topology
Managing Tags
Overview
Managing Tags
Managing Enterprise Projects
Managing Clusters That Fail to Be Created
Removing the Read-only Status
Performing a Primary/Standby Switchback
Starting and Stopping a Cluster
Resetting a Password
Cluster Upgrade
Associating and Disassociating ELB
Managing CNs
Data Integration
Overview
Managing Instances
Managing Connections
Managing Table Mappings
Managing Jobs
Cluster Log Management
Database User Management
Managing Users
Managing Roles
Audit Logs
Audit Log Overview
Management Console Audit Logs
Database Audit Logs
Configuring the Database Audit Logs
Dumping the Database Audit Logs
Viewing Database Audit Logs
Cluster Security Management
Configuring Separation of Duties for the GaussDB(DWS) Cluster
Encrypting Databases
Overview
Rotating Encryption Keys
Converting an Ordinary Cluster to an Encrypted Cluster
Permissions
Creating a User and Granting GaussDB(DWS) Permissions
Creating a GaussDB(DWS) Custom Policy
Syntax of Fine-Grained Permissions Policies
RBAC Syntax of RBAC Policies
Protection for Mission-Critical Operations
Resource Management
Overview
Resource Pool
Feature Description
Creating a Resource Pool
Modifying a Resource Pool
Deleting a Resource Pool
Resource Management Plan
Managing Resource Management Plans
Managing Resource Management Plan Stages
Workspace Management
Exception Rules
Data Source Management
MRS Data Sources
MRS Data Source Usage Overview
Creating an MRS Data Source Connection
Updating the MRS Data Source Configuration
Managing OBS Data Sources
Managing Logical Clusters
Logical Cluster Overview
Adding/Deleting a Logical Cluster
Managing Logical Clusters
Elastically Adding or Deleting a Logical Cluster
Tutorial: Converting a Physical Cluster That Contains Data into a Logical Cluster
Tutorial: Dividing a New Physical Cluster into Logical Clusters
Tutorial: Setting a Read-Only Logical Cluster and Binding It to a User
Best Practices
Import and Export
Best Practices for DataImport
GDS Practice Guide
Tutorial: Importing Data from OBS to a Cluster
Tutorial: Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
Tutorial: Importing Remote GaussDB(DWS) Data Sources
Data Migration
Migrating Data From Oracle to GaussDB(DWS)
Migration Process
Required Tools
Migrating Table Definitions
Installing the PL/SQL Developer on the Local Host
Migrating Table Definitions and Syntax
Migrating Full Table Data
Configuring a GaussDB(DWS) Data Source Connection
Configuring an Oracle Data Source Connection
Migrating Tables
Verification
Migrating SQL Statements
Migrating Syntax
Verification
Synchronizing MySQL Table Data to GaussDB(DWS) in Real Time
Using DLI Flink Jobs to Write Kafka Data to GaussDB(DWS) in Real Time
Practice of Data Interconnection Between Two DWS Clusters Based on GDS
Table Optimization Practices
Table Structure Design
Table Optimization Overview
Selecting a Table Model
Step 1: Creating an Initial Table and Loading Sample Data
Step 2: Testing System Performance of the Initial Table and Establishing a Baseline
Step 3: Optimizing a Table
Step 4: Creating Another Table and Loading Data
Step 5: Testing System Performance in the New Table
Step 6: Evaluating the Performance of the Optimized Table
Appendix: Table Creation Syntax
Usage
Creating an Initial Table
Creating a Another Table After Design Optimization
Creating a Foreign Table
Advanced Features
Creating a Time Series Table
Best Practices of Hot and Cold Data Management
Best Practices for Automatic Partition Management
GaussDB (DWS) View Decoupling and Automatic Rebuilding
Best Practices of Column-Store Delta Tables
Database Management
Best Practices of Resource Management
Excellent Practices for SQL Queries
Analyzing SQL Statements that Are Being Executed
Excellent Practices for Data Skew Queries
Real-Time Detection of Storage Skew During Data Import
Quickly Locating the Tables That Cause Data Skew
Best Practices for User Management
Viewing Table and Database Information
Best Practices of Database SEQUENCE
Sample Data Analysis
Checkpoint Vehicle Analysis
Supply Chain Requirement Analysis of a Company
Operations Status Analysis of a Retail Department Store
Security Management
Role-based Access Control (RBAC)
Encrypting and Decrypting Data Columns
Managing and Controlling Data Permissions Through Views
Data Migration and Synchronization
Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)
Importing Data
Importing Data from OBS in Parallel
About Parallel Data Import from OBS
Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS
Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)
Uploading Data to OBS
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Importing ORC or CarbonData Data from OBS
Preparing Data on OBS
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables
Deleting Resources
Supported Data Types
Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS
Preparing Source Data
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Importing Data
Handling Import Errors
Stopping GDS
Example of Importing Data Using GDS
Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster
Overview
Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster
Manually Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Importing Data
Deleting Resources
Error Handling
Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another
GDS-based Cross-Cluster Interconnection
Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN
Introduction to the CopyManager Class
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
Full Database Migration
Using DRS to Import Data to GaussDB(DWS)
Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)
Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts
Metadata Migration
Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata
Overview
Exporting a Single Database
Exporting a Database
Exporting a Schema
Exporting a Table
Exporting All Databases
Exporting All Databases
Exporting Global Objects
Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions
Using gs_restore to Import Data
Exporting Data
Exporting Data to OBS
Parallel OBS Data Export
Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating an OBS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Examples
Exporting ORC Data to OBS
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Exporting ORC Data to MRS
Overview
Planning Data Export
Creating a Foreign Server
Creating a Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server
Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS
Planning Data Export
Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS
Creating a GDS Foreign Table
Exporting Data
Stopping GDS
Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS
Other Operations
GDS Pipe FAQs
Checking for Data Skew
Analyzing a Table
Developer Guide
Standard Data Warehouse (8.1.3.x)
Welcome
Target Readers
Reading Guide
Prerequisites
System Overview
Highly Reliable Transaction Processing
High Query Performance
Related Concepts
Defining Database Objects
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Tables
Selecting a Table Storage Mode
Defining Table Partitions
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Using Sequences
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Scheduled Tasks
Viewing a System Catalog
Development and Design Proposal
Development and Design Proposal
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
User-defined External Function Usage (pgSQL/Java)
PL/pgSQL Usage
Database Security Management
Managing Users and Their Permissions
Database Users
User Management
User-defined Password Policy
Permissions Management
Separation of Permissions
Sensitive Data Management
Row-Level Access Control
Data Redaction
Using Functions for Encryption and Decryption
Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL
Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development
Development Specifications
Downloading Drivers
JDBC-Based Development
JDBC Package and Driver Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing the Connection
Example: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
ODBC-Based Development
ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
ODBC Development Example
ODBC Interfaces
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Data Read
Querying a Single Table
Querying Joined Tables
WITH Expression
User-Defined Functions
PL/Java Functions
PL/pgSQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays and Records
Arrays
record
Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Block
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statement
Assignment Statement
Call Statement
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
DBMS_LOB
DBMS_RANDOM
DBMS_OUTPUT
UTL_RAW
DBMS_JOB
DBMS_SQL
Debugging
Hot and Cold Data Management
PostGIS Extension
PostGIS
Using PostGIS
PostGIS Support and Constraints
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)
Resource Monitoring
User Resource Monitoring
Resource Pool Monitoring
Monitoring Memory Resources
Instance Resource Monitoring
Real-time Top SQL
Historical Top SQL
TopSQL Query Example
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_OBSSCANINFO
GS_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_ENUM
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOBS
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OBSSCANINFO
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_RANGE
PG_REDACTION_COLUMN
PG_REDACTION_POLICY
PG_RELFILENODE_SIZE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
SNAPSHOT
TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
System Catalogs for Performance View Snapshot
System Views
ALL_ALL_TABLES
ALL_CONSTRAINTS
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
ALL_COL_COMMENTS
ALL_DEPENDENCIES
ALL_IND_COLUMNS
ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ALL_INDEXES
ALL_OBJECTS
ALL_PROCEDURES
ALL_SEQUENCES
ALL_SOURCE
ALL_SYNONYMS
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
ALL_TABLES
ALL_USERS
ALL_VIEWS
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_USERS
DBA_COL_COMMENTS
DBA_CONSTRAINTS
DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
DBA_INDEXES
DBA_OBJECTS
DBA_PART_INDEXES
DBA_PART_TABLES
DBA_PROCEDURES
DBA_SEQUENCES
DBA_SOURCE
DBA_SYNONYMS
DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
DBA_TABLES
DBA_TABLESPACES
DBA_TRIGGERS
DBA_VIEWS
DUAL
GLOBAL_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
GLOBAL_REDO_STAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
GLOBAL_TABLE_STAT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
GS_REL_IOSTAT
GS_RESPOOL_RUNTIME_INFO
GS_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_DB_CU
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
GS_TABLE_STAT
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_USER_TRANSACTION
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH
GS_VIEW_INVALID
GS_WAIT_EVENTS
GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
MPP_TABLES
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_QUERY_SPEED
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_JOB_SINGLE
PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VIEWS
PG_WLM_STATISTICS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PGXC_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_COMM_QUERY_SPEED
PGXC_DEADLOCK
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS
PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME
PGXC_LOCKWAIT_DETAIL
PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_REDO_STAT
PGXC_REL_IOSTAT
PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PGXC_RESPOOL_RUNTIME_INFO
PGXC_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_INFO
PGXC_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PGXC_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SETTINGS
PGXC_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER
PGXC_STAT_DATABASE
PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION
PGXC_STAT_TABLE_DIRTY
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
PGXC_TABLE_STAT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE
PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PGXC_WAIT_DETAIL
PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_REDO_STAT
REDACTION_COLUMNS
REDACTION_POLICIES
REMOTE_TABLE_STAT
USER_COL_COMMENTS
USER_CONSTRAINTS
USER_CONS_COLUMNS
USER_INDEXES
USER_IND_COLUMNS
USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
USER_IND_PARTITIONS
USER_JOBS
USER_OBJECTS
USER_PART_INDEXES
USER_PART_TABLES
USER_PROCEDURES
USER_SEQUENCES
USER_SOURCE
USER_SYNONYMS
USER_TAB_COLUMNS
USER_TAB_COMMENTS
USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
USER_TABLES
USER_TRIGGERS
USER_VIEWS
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_LONGOPS
Collation Support
GUC Parameters
Viewing GUC Parameters
Configuring GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Statement Disk Space Control
Kernel Resources
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Asynchronous I/O Operations
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Logs
Settings
Checkpoints
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Time
Logging Content
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Resource Management
Automatic Cleanup
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Zone and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Developer Operations
Auditing
Audit Switch
Operation Audit
Transaction Monitoring
GTM Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Glossary
Standard Data Warehouse (9.1.0.x)
Welcome
Target Readers
Reading Guide
Prerequisites
System Overview
Highly Reliable Transaction Processing
High Query Performance
Related Concepts
Defining Database Objects
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Tables
Selecting a Table Storage Mode
Defining Table Partitions
Creating and Managing Indexes
Creating and Using Sequences
Creating and Managing Views
Creating and Managing Scheduled Tasks
Viewing a System Catalog
Development and Design Proposal
Development and Design Proposal
Database Object Naming Conventions
Database Object Design
Database and Schema Design
Table Design
Column Design
Constraint Design
View and Joined Table Design
JDBC Configuration
SQL Compilation
User-defined External Function Usage (pgSQL/Java)
PL/pgSQL Usage
Database Security Management
Managing Users and Their Permissions
Database Users
User Management
User-defined Password Policy
Permissions Management
Separation of Permissions
Sensitive Data Management
Row-Level Access Control
Data Redaction
Using Functions for Encryption and Decryption
Use pgcrypto to Encrypt Data
Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL
Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development
Development Specifications
Downloading Drivers
JDBC-Based Development
JDBC Package and Driver Class
Development Process
Loading a Driver
Connecting to a Database
Executing SQL Statements
Processing Data in a Result Set
Closing the Connection
Example: Common Operations
Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)
Example: Processing the RoaringBitmap Result Set on Application Then Importing It to GaussDB(DWS)
JDBC Interface Reference
java.sql.Connection
java.sql.CallableStatement
java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
java.sql.Statement
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.DataSource
javax.sql.PooledConnection
javax.naming.Context
javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
CopyManager
ODBC-Based Development
ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files
Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS
Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS
ODBC Development Example
ODBC Interfaces
SQLAllocEnv
SQLAllocConnect
SQLAllocHandle
SQLAllocStmt
SQLBindCol
SQLBindParameter
SQLColAttribute
SQLConnect
SQLDisconnect
SQLExecDirect
SQLExecute
SQLFetch
SQLFreeStmt
SQLFreeConnect
SQLFreeHandle
SQLFreeEnv
SQLPrepare
SQLGetData
SQLGetDiagRec
SQLSetConnectAttr
SQLSetEnvAttr
SQLSetStmtAttr
Data Read
Querying a Single Table
Querying Joined Tables
WITH Expression
Data Reading/Writing Across Logical Clusters
User-Defined Functions
PL/Java Functions
PL/pgSQL Functions
Stored Procedures
Stored Procedure
Data Types
Data Type Conversion
Arrays and Records
Arrays
record
Syntax
Basic Structure
Anonymous Block
Subprogram
Basic Statements
Variable Definition Statement
Assignment Statement
Call Statement
Dynamic Statements
Executing Dynamic Query Statements
Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements
Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures
Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks
Control Statements
RETURN Statements
RETURN
RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
Branch Statements
NULL Statements
Error Trapping Statements
GOTO Statements
Other Statements
Lock Operations
Cursor Operations
Cursors
Overview
Explicit Cursor
Implicit Cursor
Cursor Loop
Advanced Packages
DBMS_LOB
DBMS_RANDOM
DBMS_OUTPUT
UTL_RAW
DBMS_JOB
DBMS_SQL
Debugging
Hot and Cold Data Management
PostGIS Extension
PostGIS
Using PostGIS
PostGIS Support and Constraints
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)
Hybrid Data Warehouse
Introduction to Hybrid Data Warehouse
Support and Constraints
Hybrid Data Warehouse Syntax
CREATE TABLE
INSERT
DELETE
UPDATE
UPSERT
MERGE INTO
SELECT
ALTER TABLE
Hybrid Data Warehouse Functions
Hybrid Data Warehouse GUC Parameters
Resource Monitoring
User Resource Monitoring
Resource Pool Monitoring
Monitoring Memory Resources
Instance Resource Monitoring
Real-time Top SQL
Historical Top SQL
TopSQL Query Example
RDMA Configuration
System Catalogs and System Views
Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
System Catalogs
GS_BLOCKLIST_QUERY
GS_OBSSCANINFO
GS_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PG_AGGREGATE
PG_AM
PG_AMOP
PG_AMPROC
PG_ATTRDEF
PG_ATTRIBUTE
PG_AUTHID
PG_AUTH_HISTORY
PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
PG_BLOCKLISTS
PG_CAST
PG_CLASS
PG_COLLATION
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_CONVERSION
PG_DATABASE
PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
PG_DEFAULT_ACL
PG_DEPEND
PG_DESCRIPTION
PG_ENUM
PG_EXCEPT_RULE
PG_EXTENSION
PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
PG_FINE_DR_INFO
PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
PG_INDEX
PG_INHERITS
PG_JOB_INFO
PG_JOBS
PG_LANGUAGE
PG_LARGEOBJECT
PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_OBJECT
PG_OBSSCANINFO
PG_OPCLASS
PG_OPERATOR
PG_OPFAMILY
PG_PARTITION
PG_PLTEMPLATE
PG_PROC
PG_PUBLICATION
PG_PUBLICATION_NAMESPACE
PG_PUBLICATION_REL
PG_RANGE
PG_REDACTION_COLUMN
PG_REDACTION_POLICY
PG_RELFILENODE_SIZE
PG_RLSPOLICY
PG_RESOURCE_POOL
PG_REWRITE
PG_SECLABEL
PG_SHDEPEND
PG_SHDESCRIPTION
PG_SHSECLABEL
PG_STATISTIC
PG_STATISTIC_EXT
PG_STAT_OBJECT
PG_SUBSCRIPTION
PG_SYNONYM
PG_TABLESPACE
PG_TRIGGER
PG_TS_CONFIG
PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
PG_TS_DICT
PG_TS_PARSER
PG_TS_TEMPLATE
PG_TYPE
PG_USER_MAPPING
PG_USER_STATUS
PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION
PGXC_CLASS
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
PLAN_TABLE_DATA
SNAPSHOT
TABLES_SNAP_TIMESTAMP
System Catalogs for Performance View Snapshot
System Views
ALL_ALL_TABLES
ALL_CONSTRAINTS
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
ALL_COL_COMMENTS
ALL_DEPENDENCIES
ALL_IND_COLUMNS
ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
ALL_INDEXES
ALL_OBJECTS
ALL_PROCEDURES
ALL_SEQUENCES
ALL_SOURCE
ALL_SYNONYMS
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
ALL_TABLES
ALL_USERS
ALL_VIEWS
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_USERS
DBA_COL_COMMENTS
DBA_CONSTRAINTS
DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_COLUMNS
DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
DBA_INDEXES
DBA_OBJECTS
DBA_PART_INDEXES
DBA_PART_TABLES
DBA_PROCEDURES
DBA_SEQUENCES
DBA_SOURCE
DBA_SYNONYMS
DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
DBA_TABLES
DBA_TABLESPACES
DBA_TRIGGERS
DBA_VIEWS
DUAL
GET_ALL_TSC_INFO
GET_TSC_INFO
GLOBAL_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
GLOBAL_REDO_STAT
GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT
GLOBAL_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
GLOBAL_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
GLOBAL_TABLE_STAT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
GS_BLOCKLIST_QUERY
GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
GS_OBS_READ_TRAFFIC
GS_OBS_WRITE_TRAFFIC
GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
GS_OBS_LATENCY
GS_QUERY_MONITOR
GS_QUERY_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_REL_IOSTAT
GS_RESPOOL_RUNTIME_INFO
GS_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_INFO
GS_RESPOOL_MONITOR
GS_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
GS_SQL_COUNT
GS_STAT_DB_CU
GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
GS_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
GS_TABLE_STAT
GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
GS_USER_MONITOR
GS_USER_TRANSACTION
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY
GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH
GS_VIEW_INVALID
GS_WAIT_EVENTS
GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
MPP_TABLES
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PG_COMM_DELAY
PG_COMM_STATUS
PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PG_COMM_QUERY_SPEED
PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
PG_CURSORS
PG_EXT_STATS
PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
PG_GROUP
PG_INDEXES
PG_JOB
PG_JOB_PROC
PG_JOB_SINGLE
PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE
PG_LOCKS
PG_NODE_ENV
PG_OS_THREADS
PG_POOLER_STATUS
PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
PG_PREPARED_XACTS
PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION
PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PG_ROLES
PG_RULES
PG_RUNNING_XACTS
PG_SECLABELS
PG_SEQUENCES
PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
PG_SETTINGS
PG_SHADOW
PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_STATS
PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PG_STAT_BGWRITER
PG_STAT_DATABASE
PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED
PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
PG_STAT_REPLICATION
PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PG_TABLES
PG_TDE_INFO
PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PG_USER
PG_USER_MAPPINGS
PG_VIEWS
PG_WLM_STATISTICS
PGXC_AIO_RESOURCE_POOL_STATS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS
PGXC_BULKLOAD_INFO
PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS
PGXC_COLUMN_TABLE_IO_STAT
PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
PGXC_COMM_DELAY
PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
PGXC_COMM_STATUS
PGXC_COMM_QUERY_SPEED
PGXC_DEADLOCK
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_STATS
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_ALL_STATS
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_PATH_INFO
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS
PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME
PGXC_LOCKWAIT_DETAIL
PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL
PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS
PGXC_MEMORY_DEBUG_INFO
PGXC_NODE_ENV
PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME
PGXC_OBS_IO_SCHEDULER_STATS
PGXC_OBS_IO_SCHEDULER_PERIODIC_STATS
PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO
PGXC_OS_THREADS
PGXC_POOLER_STATUS
PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
PGXC_REDO_STAT
PGXC_REL_IOSTAT
PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS
PGXC_RESPOOL_RUNTIME_INFO
PGXC_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_INFO
PGXC_RESPOOL_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PGXC_ROW_TABLE_IO_STAT
PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
PGXC_SETTINGS
PGXC_SESSION_WLMSTAT
PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER
PGXC_STAT_DATABASE
PGXC_STAT_OBJECT
PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION
PGXC_STAT_TABLE_DIRTY
PGXC_STAT_WAL
PGXC_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_TABLE_CHANGE_STAT
PGXC_TABLE_STAT
PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO
PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE
PGXC_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION
PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
PGXC_WAIT_DETAIL
PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
PGXC_WLM_TABLE_DISTRIBUTION_SKEWNESS
PGXC_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT
PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME
PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION
PLAN_TABLE
PV_FILE_STAT
PV_INSTANCE_TIME
PV_OS_RUN_INFO
PV_SESSION_MEMORY
PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_SESSION_STAT
PV_SESSION_TIME
PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
PV_REDO_STAT
PV_RUNTIME_ATTSTATS
PV_RUNTIME_RELSTATS
REDACTION_COLUMNS
REDACTION_POLICIES
REMOTE_TABLE_STAT
SHOW_TSC_INFO
SHOW_ALL_TSC_INFO
USER_COL_COMMENTS
USER_CONSTRAINTS
USER_CONS_COLUMNS
USER_INDEXES
USER_IND_COLUMNS
USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
USER_IND_PARTITIONS
USER_JOBS
USER_OBJECTS
USER_PART_INDEXES
USER_PART_TABLES
USER_PROCEDURES
USER_SEQUENCES
USER_SOURCE
USER_SYNONYMS
USER_TAB_COLUMNS
USER_TAB_COMMENTS
USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
USER_TABLES
USER_TRIGGERS
USER_VIEWS
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_LONGOPS
Collation rules
GUC Parameters
Viewing GUC Parameters
Configuring GUC Parameters
GUC Parameter Usage
Connection and Authentication
Connection Settings
Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)
Communication Library Parameters
Resource Consumption
Memory
Statement Disk Space Control
Kernel Resources
Cost-based Vacuum Delay
Asynchronous I/O Operations
Disk Caching
Parallel Data Import
Write Ahead Logs
Settings
Checkpoints
Archiving
HA Replication
Sending Server
Primary Server
Standby Server
Query Planning
Optimizer Method Configuration
Optimizer Cost Constants
Genetic Query Optimizer
Other Optimizer Options
Error Reporting and Logging
Logging Time
Logging Content
Alarm Detection
Statistics During the Database Running
Query and Index Statistics Collector
Performance Statistics
Resource Management
Automatic Cleanup
Default Settings of Client Connection
Statement Behavior
Zone and Formatting
Other Default Parameters
Lock Management
Version and Platform Compatibility
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
Platform and Client Compatibility
Fault Tolerance
Connection Pool Parameters
Cluster Transaction Parameters
Developer Operations
Auditing
Audit Switch
Operation Audit
Transaction Monitoring
GTM Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
Glossary
SQL Syntax Reference
SQL Syntax Reference (9.1.0.x)
GaussDB(DWS) SQL Overview
Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL
Keyword
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Type
Character Types
Binary Data Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Array
Enumeration Type
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
Text Search Types
UUID Type
JSON Types
RoaringBitmap
HLL Data Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Range Types
Composite Types
Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables
XML
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Numeric Functions and Operators
Numeric Operators
Numeric Functions
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Date and Time Operators
Date and Time Functions
EXTRACT
date_part
date_format
time_format
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Array Operators
Array Functions
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Type Conversion Functions
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions
Security Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
Range Functions and Operators
Range Operators
Range Functions
Data Redaction Functions
Bitmap Functions and Operators
Roaring Bitmap Operators
Bitmap Functions
Roaring Bitmap Aggregation Functions
Use Cases
UUID Functions
Text Search Functions and Operators
Text Search Operators
Text Search Functions
Text Search Debugging Functions
HLL Functions and Operators
HLL Operators
Hash Functions
Precision Functions
Aggregate Functions
Functional Functions
Built-in Functions
Set Returning Functions
Series Generating Functions
Subscript Generating Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Geometric Operators
Geometric Functions
Geometric Type Conversion Functions
Network Address Functions and Operators
cidr and inet Operators
Network Address Functions
System Information Functions
Session Information Functions
Access Privilege Inquiry Functions
Schema Visibility Inquiry Functions
System Catalog Information Functions
System Function Checking Function
Comment Checking Functions
Transaction IDs and Snapshots
Computing Node Group Function
Lock Information Function
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signaling Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Replication Functions
Resource Management Functions
Memory Management Functions
Other Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Backup Control Functions
Restoration Control Functions
Database Object Functions
Database Object Size Functions
Database Object Position Functions
Partition Management Function
Collation Version Function
Hot and Cold Table Functions
Residual File Management Functions
Functions for Obtaining the Residual File List
Functions for Scanning Residual Files
Functions for Verifying Residual Files
Functions for Deleting Residual Files
Using Residual File Management Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
XML Functions
Generating XML Content
XML Predicates
Processing XML
Mapping a Table to XML
Call Stack Recording Functions
Funnel and Retention Functions
EXTERNAL SCHEMA System Functions
Storage-Compute Decoupling Functions
Data Sharing Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Conditional Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Full Text Search
Introduction
Full-Text Retrieval
What Is a Document?
Basic Text Matching
Configurations
Table and index
Searching a Table
Creating an Index
Constraints on Index Use
Controlling Text Search
Parsing Documents
Parsing Queries
Ranking Search Results
Highlighting Results
Additional Features
Manipulating tsvector
Manipulating Queries
Rewriting Queries
Gathering Document Statistics
Parsers
Dictionaries
Overview
Stop Words
Simple Dictionary
Synonym Dictionary
Thesaurus Dictionary
Ispell Dictionary
Snowball Dictionary
Configuration Examples
Testing and Debugging Text Search
Testing a Configuration
Testing a Parser
Testing a Dictionary
Limitations
System Operation
Transaction Management
DDL Syntax
DDL Syntax Overview
ALTER BLOCK RULE
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER EXCEPT RULE
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (GDS Import and Export)
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on other GaussDB(DWS))
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LARGE OBJECT
ALTER PUBLICATION
ALTER REDACTION POLICY
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE BLOCK RULE
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE EXCEPT RULE
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on other GaussDB(DWS))
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE PUBLICATION
CREATE REDACTION POLICY
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CURSOR
DISCARD
DROP BLOCK RULE
DROP DATABASE
DROP EXCEPT RULE
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP OWNED
DROP PUBLICATION
DROP REDACTION POLICY
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SUBSCRIPTION
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
FETCH
MOVE
REINDEX
RENAME TABLE
RESET
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SHOW
TRUNCATE
VACUUM
DML Syntax
DML Syntax Overview
CALL
COPY
DELETE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
LOCK
MERGE INTO
INSERT and UPSERT
INSERT
UPSERT
UPDATE
VALUES
DCL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
DEALLOCATE
DO
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
GRANT
PREPARE
REASSIGN OWNED
REVOKE
DQL Syntax
DQL Syntax Overview
SELECT
SELECT INTO
TCL Syntax
TCL Syntax Overview
ABORT
BEGIN
CHECKPOINT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
PREPARE TRANSACTION
SAVEPOINT
SET TRANSACTION
START TRANSACTION
ROLLBACK
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SQL Syntax Reference (8.1.3.x)
About GaussDB(DWS) SQL
Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL
GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq
Data Type Differences
Function Differences
PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS)
Keyword
Data Types
Numeric Types
Monetary Types
Boolean Type
Character Types
Binary Data Types
Date/Time Types
Geometric Types
Network Address Types
Bit String Types
Text Search Types
UUID Type
JSON Types
RoaringBitmap
HLL Data Types
Object Identifier Types
Pseudo-Types
Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables
XML
Constant and Macro
Functions and Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Character Processing Functions and Operators
Binary String Functions and Operators
Bit String Functions and Operators
Pattern Matching Operators
Mathematical Functions and Operators
Numeric Operators
Numeric Operation Functions
Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
Date and Time Operators
Time/Date functions
EXTRACT
date_part
date_format
time_format
Type Conversion Functions
Geometric Functions and Operators
Geometric Operators
Geometric Functions
Geometric Type Conversion Functions
Network Address Functions and Operators
cidr and inet Operators
Network Address Functions
Text Search Functions and Operators
Text Search Operators
Text Search Functions
Text Search Debugging Functions
UUID Functions
JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
JSON/JSONB Operators
JSON/JSONB Functions
Bitmap Functions and Operators
Bitmap Operators
Bitmap Functions
Bitmap Aggregate Functions
Use Cases
HLL Functions and Operators
HLL Operators
Hash Functions
Precision Functions
Aggregate Functions
Functional Functions
Built-in Functions
SEQUENCE Functions
Array Functions and Operators
Array Operators
Array Functions
Range Functions and Operators
Range Operators
Range Functions
Aggregate Functions
Window Functions
Security Functions
Set Returning Functions
Series Generating Functions
Subscript Generating Functions
Conditional Expression Functions
System Information Functions
Session Information Functions
Access Privilege Inquiry Functions
Schema Visibility Inquiry Functions
System Catalog Information Functions
System Function Checking Functions
Comment Checking Functions
Transaction IDs and Snapshots
Computing Node Group Function
Lock Information Function
System Administration Functions
Configuration Settings Functions
Universal File Access Functions
Server Signaling Functions
Snapshot Synchronization Functions
Advisory Lock Functions
Replication Functions
Other Functions
Resource Management Functions
Backup and Restoration Control Functions
Backup Control Functions
Restoration Control Functions
Database Object Functions
Database Object Size Functions
Database Object Position Functions
Partition Management Function
Collation Version Function
Residual File Management Functions
Functions for Obtaining the Residual File List
Functions for Verifying Residual Files
Functions for Deleting Residual Files
Residual File Management Functions
Data Redaction Functions
Statistics Information Functions
Trigger Functions
XML Functions
Generating XML Content
XML Predicates
Processing XML
Mapping a Table to XML
Call Stack Recording Functions
Expressions
Simple Expressions
Conditional Expressions
Subquery Expressions
Array Expressions
Row Expressions
Type Conversion
Overview
Operators
Functions
Value Storage
UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
Full Text Search
Introduction
Full-Text Retrieval
What Is a Document?
Basic Text Matching
Configurations
Limitations
Searching for Texts in Database Tables
Searching a Table
Creating an Index
Constraints on Index Use
Controlling Text Search
Parsing Documents
Parsing Queries
Ranking Search Results
Highlighting Results
Additional Features
Manipulating tsvector
Handling TSQuery
Rewriting Queries
Collecting Document Statistics
Text Search Parser
Dictionaries
Overview
Stop Words
Simple Dictionary
Synonym Dictionary
Thesaurus Dictionary
Ispell Dictionary
Snowball Dictionary
Text Search Configuration Example
Testing and Debugging Text Search
Testing a Configuration
Testing a Parser
Testing a Dictionary
System Operation
Controlling Transactions
DDL Syntax
DDL Syntax Overview
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on other GaussDB(DWS))
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LARGE OBJECT
ALTER REDACTION POLICY
ALTER RESOURCE POOL
ALTER ROLE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SERVER
ALTER SESSION
ALTER SYNONYM
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
CLEAN CONNECTION
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
CREATE BARRIER
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on other GaussDB(DWS))
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE REDACTION POLICY
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE RESOURCE POOL
CREATE ROLE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE PARTITION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
CURSOR
DROP DATABASE
DROP FOREIGN TABLE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP OWNED
DROP REDACTION POLICY
DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP RESOURCE POOL
DROP ROLE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP SERVER
DROP SYNONYM
DROP TABLE
DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
FETCH
MOVE
REINDEX
RENAME TABLE
RESET
SET
SET CONSTRAINTS
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SHOW
TRUNCATE
VACUUM
DML Syntax
DML Syntax Overview
CALL
COPY
DELETE
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN PLAN
LOCK
MERGE INTO
INSERT and UPSERT
INSERT
UPSERT
UPDATE
VALUES
DCL Syntax
DCL Syntax Overview
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
ANALYZE | ANALYSE
DEALLOCATE
DO
EXECUTE
EXECUTE DIRECT
GRANT
PREPARE
REASSIGN OWNED
REVOKE
DQL Syntax
DQL Syntax Overview
SELECT
SELECT INTO
TCL Syntax
TCL Syntax Overview
ABORT
BEGIN
CHECKPOINT
COMMIT | END
COMMIT PREPARED
PREPARE TRANSACTION
SAVEPOINT
SET TRANSACTION
START TRANSACTION
ROLLBACK
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK PREPARED
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
3.0 Developer Guide
Reading Guide
Introduction to GaussDB(DWS) 3.0
Support and Constraints
SQL Syntax Reference
CREATE TABLE
CREATE EXTERNAL SCHEMA
ALTER EXTERNAL SCHEMA
ALTER TABLE
Function
System Catalogs
PG_CLASS
PG_CONSTRAINT
PG_EXTERNAL_NAMESPACE
PG_NAMESPACE
PG_PARTITION
PG_REWRITE
PG_TRIGGER
PGXC_GROUP
PGXC_NODE
System Views
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_STATS
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_PATH_INFO
PGXC_DISK_CACHE_ALL_STATS
PGXC_OBS_IO_SCHEDULER_STATS
PGXC_OBS_IO_SCHEDULER_PERIODIC_STATS
GUC Parameters
Development Practices
Data Reading/Writing Across Logical Clusters
Data Lakehouse
Accessing HiveMetaStore Across Clusters
Stream Data Warehouse
Introduction to Stream Data Warehouse
Support and Constraints
Extension Constraints