Help Center/ GaussDB(DWS)/ Standard Data Warehouse (8.1.3.x)/ Using JDBC or ODBC for GaussDB(DWS) Secondary Development/ ODBC-Based Development/ ODBC Development Example
Updated on 2024-12-19 GMT+08:00
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ODBC Development Example

Code for Common Functions

The following example shows how to obtain data from GaussDB(DWS) through the ODBC interface.

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// DBtest.c (compile with: libodbc.so)   
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <sqlext.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif 
SQLHENV       V_OD_Env;        // Handle ODBC environment 
SQLHSTMT      V_OD_hstmt;      // Handle statement 
SQLHDBC       V_OD_hdbc;       // Handle connection     
char          typename[100];
SQLINTEGER    value = 100;
SQLINTEGER    V_OD_erg,V_OD_buffer,V_OD_err,V_OD_id;
SQLLEN        V_StrLen_or_IndPtr;
int main(int argc,char *argv[]) 
{         
      // 1. Apply for an environment handle.       
      V_OD_erg = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV,SQL_NULL_HANDLE,&V_OD_Env);     
      if ((V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS) && (V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))        
      {           
           printf("Error AllocHandle\n");           
           exit(0);        
      } 
      // 2. Set environment attributes (version information).         
      SQLSetEnvAttr(V_OD_Env, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (void*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0);      
      // 3. Apply for a connection handle.        
      V_OD_erg = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, V_OD_Env, &V_OD_hdbc);     
      if ((V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS) && (V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))      
      {                     
           SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, V_OD_Env);          
           exit(0);       
      }
      // 4. Set connection attributes.
      SQLSetConnectAttr(V_OD_hdbc, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_ON, 0);          
// 5. Connect to the data source. userName and password indicate the username and password for connecting to the database. Set them as needed.
// If the username and password have been set in the odbc.ini file, you do not need to set userName or password here, retaining "" for them. However, you are not advised to do so because the username and password will be disclosed if the permission for odbc.ini is abused.
      V_OD_erg = SQLConnect(V_OD_hdbc, (SQLCHAR*) "gaussdb", SQL_NTS,  
                           (SQLCHAR*) "userName", SQL_NTS,  (SQLCHAR*) "password", SQL_NTS);        
      if ((V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS) && (V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))      
      {           
          printf("Error SQLConnect %d\n",V_OD_erg);            
          SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, V_OD_Env);       
          exit(0);        
      }     
      printf("Connected !\n"); 
      // 6. Set statement attributes.
      SQLSetStmtAttr(V_OD_hstmt,SQL_ATTR_QUERY_TIMEOUT,(SQLPOINTER *)3,0);
      // 7. Apply for a statement handle.
      SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, V_OD_hdbc, &V_OD_hstmt);       
      // 8. Execute an SQL statement directly.
      SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"drop table IF EXISTS customer_t1",SQL_NTS);
      SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"CREATE TABLE customer_t1(c_customer_sk INTEGER, c_customer_name VARCHAR(32));",SQL_NTS);
      SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"insert into customer_t1 values(25,'li')",SQL_NTS);
      // 9. Prepare for the execution.
      SQLPrepare(V_OD_hstmt,"insert into customer_t1 values(?)",SQL_NTS); 
      // 10. Bind parameters.
      SQLBindParameter(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_PARAM_INPUT,SQL_C_SLONG,SQL_INTEGER,0,0,
                       &value,0,NULL);
      // 11. Execute the prepared statement.
      SQLExecute(V_OD_hstmt);
      SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"select id from testtable",SQL_NTS);
      // 12. Obtain the attributes of a certain column in the result set.
      SQLColAttribute(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_DESC_TYPE_NAME,typename,sizeof(typename),NULL,NULL);                 
      printf("SQLColAtrribute %s\n",typename);
      // 13. Bind the result set.
      SQLBindCol(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_C_SLONG, (SQLPOINTER)&V_OD_buffer,150,
                (SQLLEN *)&V_StrLen_or_IndPtr);
      // 14. Collect data using SQLFetch.
      V_OD_erg=SQLFetch(V_OD_hstmt);
      // 15. Obtain and return data using SQLGetData.
      while(V_OD_erg != SQL_NO_DATA)
      {
          SQLGetData(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_C_SLONG,(SQLPOINTER)&V_OD_id,0,NULL);
          printf("SQLGetData ----ID = %d\n",V_OD_id);
          V_OD_erg=SQLFetch(V_OD_hstmt);
      };
      printf("Done !\n");
      // 16. Disconnect from the data source and release handles.
      SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT,V_OD_hstmt);    
      SQLDisconnect(V_OD_hdbc);         
      SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC,V_OD_hdbc);       
      SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, V_OD_Env);  
      return(0);
 }

Code for Batch Processing

  • Enable UseBatchProtocol in the data source and set support_batch_bind to on.
  • Use CHECK_ERROR to check and print error information.
  • This example is used to interactively obtain the DSN, data volume to be processed, and volume of ignored data from users, and insert required data into the test_odbc_batch_insert table.
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "util.c"

void Exec(SQLHDBC hdbc, SQLCHAR* sql)
{
    SQLRETURN retcode;                  // Return status
    SQLHSTMT hstmt = SQL_NULL_HSTMT;    // Statement handle
    SQLCHAR     loginfo[2048];

    // Allocate Statement Handle
    retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT)",
                hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

    // Prepare Statement
    retcode = SQLPrepare(hstmt, (SQLCHAR*) sql, SQL_NTS);
    sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLPrepare log: %s", (char*)sql);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

    retcode = SQLExecute(hstmt);
    sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLExecute stmt log: %s", (char*)sql);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

    retcode = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
    sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLFreeHandle stmt log: %s", (char*)sql);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}

int main () 
{
    SQLHENV  henv  = SQL_NULL_HENV;
    SQLHDBC  hdbc  = SQL_NULL_HDBC; 
    int      batchCount = 1000;
    SQLLEN   rowsCount = 0;
    int      ignoreCount = 0;

    SQLRETURN   retcode;
    SQLCHAR     dsn[1024] = {'\0'};
    SQLCHAR     loginfo[2048];

// Interactively obtain data source names.
    getStr("Please input your DSN", (char*)dsn, sizeof(dsn), 'N');
// Interactively obtain the amount of data to be batch processed.
    getInt("batchCount", &batchCount, 'N', 1);
    do 
    {
// Interactively obtain the amount of batch processing data that is not inserted into the database.
        getInt("ignoreCount", &ignoreCount, 'N', 1);
        if (ignoreCount > batchCount)
        {
            printf("ignoreCount(%d) should be less than batchCount(%d)\n", ignoreCount, batchCount);
        }
    }while(ignoreCount > batchCount);

    retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV)",
                henv, SQL_HANDLE_ENV);

    // Set ODBC Version
    retcode = SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION,
                                        (SQLPOINTER*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetEnvAttr(SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION)",
                henv, SQL_HANDLE_ENV);

    // Allocate Connection
    retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC)",
                henv, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);

    // Set Login Timeout
    retcode = SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc, SQL_LOGIN_TIMEOUT, (SQLPOINTER)5, 0);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetConnectAttr(SQL_LOGIN_TIMEOUT)",
                hdbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);

    // Set Auto Commit
    retcode = SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
                                        (SQLPOINTER)(1), 0);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetConnectAttr(SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT)",
                hdbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);

    // Connect to DSN
    sprintf(loginfo, "SQLConnect(DSN:%s)", dsn);
    retcode = SQLConnect(hdbc, (SQLCHAR*) dsn, SQL_NTS,
                               (SQLCHAR*) NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
    CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hdbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);

    // init table info.
    Exec(hdbc, "drop table if exists test_odbc_batch_insert");
    Exec(hdbc, "create table test_odbc_batch_insert(id int primary key, col varchar2(50))");

// The following code constructs the data to be inserted based on the data volume entered by users:
    {
        SQLRETURN retcode; 
        SQLHSTMT hstmtinesrt = SQL_NULL_HSTMT;
        int          i;
        SQLCHAR      *sql = NULL;
        SQLINTEGER   *ids  = NULL;
        SQLCHAR      *cols = NULL;
        SQLLEN       *bufLenIds = NULL;
        SQLLEN       *bufLenCols = NULL;
        SQLUSMALLINT *operptr = NULL;
        SQLUSMALLINT *statusptr = NULL;
        SQLULEN      process = 0;

// Data is constructed by column. Each column is stored continuously.
        ids = (SQLINTEGER*)malloc(sizeof(ids[0]) * batchCount);
        cols = (SQLCHAR*)malloc(sizeof(cols[0]) * batchCount * 50);
// Data size in each row for a column
        bufLenIds = (SQLLEN*)malloc(sizeof(bufLenIds[0]) * batchCount);
        bufLenCols = (SQLLEN*)malloc(sizeof(bufLenCols[0]) * batchCount);
// Whether this row needs to be processed. The value is SQL_PARAM_IGNORE or SQL_PARAM_PROCEED.
        operptr = (SQLUSMALLINT*)malloc(sizeof(operptr[0]) * batchCount);
        memset(operptr, 0, sizeof(operptr[0]) * batchCount);
// Processing result of the row
// Note: In the database, a statement belongs to one transaction. Therefore, data is processed as a unit. That is, either all data is inserted successfully or all data fails to be inserted.
        statusptr = (SQLUSMALLINT*)malloc(sizeof(statusptr[0]) * batchCount);
        memset(statusptr, 88, sizeof(statusptr[0]) * batchCount);

        if (NULL == ids || NULL == cols || NULL == bufLenCols || NULL == bufLenIds)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "FAILED:\tmalloc data memory failed\n");
            goto exit;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < batchCount; i++)
        {
            ids[i] = i;
            sprintf(cols + 50 * i, "column test value %d", i);
            bufLenIds[i] = sizeof(ids[i]);
            bufLenCols[i] = strlen(cols + 50 * i);
            operptr[i] = (i < ignoreCount) ? SQL_PARAM_IGNORE : SQL_PARAM_PROCEED;
        }

        // Allocate Statement Handle
        retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmtinesrt);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT)",
                    hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        // Prepare Statement
        sql = (SQLCHAR*)"insert into test_odbc_batch_insert values(?, ?)";
        retcode = SQLPrepare(hstmtinesrt, (SQLCHAR*) sql, SQL_NTS);
        sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLPrepare log: %s", (char*)sql);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAMSET_SIZE, (SQLPOINTER)batchCount, sizeof(batchCount));
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLBindParameter(hstmtinesrt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SLONG, SQL_INTEGER, sizeof(ids[0]), 0,&(ids[0]), 0, bufLenIds);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLBindParameter for id", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLBindParameter(hstmtinesrt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_CHAR, 50, 50, cols, 50, bufLenCols);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLBindParameter for cols", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAMS_PROCESSED_PTR, (SQLPOINTER)&process, sizeof(process));
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAMS_PROCESSED_PTR", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAM_STATUS_PTR, (SQLPOINTER)statusptr, sizeof(statusptr[0]) * batchCount);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAM_STATUS_PTR", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAM_OPERATION_PTR, (SQLPOINTER)operptr, sizeof(operptr[0]) * batchCount);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAM_OPERATION_PTR", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLExecute(hstmtinesrt);
        sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLExecute stmt log: %s", (char*)sql);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        retcode = SQLRowCount(hstmtinesrt, &rowsCount);
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLRowCount execution", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);

        if (rowsCount != (batchCount - ignoreCount))
        {
            sprintf(loginfo, "(batchCount - ignoreCount)(%d) != rowsCount(%d)", (batchCount - ignoreCount), rowsCount);
            CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
        }
        else
        {
            sprintf(loginfo, "(batchCount - ignoreCount)(%d) == rowsCount(%d)", (batchCount - ignoreCount), rowsCount);
            CHECK_ERROR(SQL_SUCCESS, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
        }

        if (rowsCount != process)
        {
            sprintf(loginfo, "process(%d) != rowsCount(%d)", process, rowsCount);
            CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
        }
        else
        {
            sprintf(loginfo, "process(%d) == rowsCount(%d)", process, rowsCount);
            CHECK_ERROR(SQL_SUCCESS, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < batchCount; i++)
        {
            if (i < ignoreCount)
            {
                if (statusptr[i] != SQL_PARAM_UNUSED)
                {
                    sprintf(loginfo, "statusptr[%d](%d) != SQL_PARAM_UNUSED", i, statusptr[i]);
                    CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
                }
            }
            else if (statusptr[i] != SQL_PARAM_SUCCESS)
            {
                sprintf(loginfo, "statusptr[%d](%d) != SQL_PARAM_SUCCESS", i, statusptr[i]);
                CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
            }
        }

        retcode = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmtinesrt);
        sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLFreeHandle hstmtinesrt");
        CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
    }


exit:
    printf ("\nComplete.\n");

    // Connection
    if (hdbc != SQL_NULL_HDBC) {
        SQLDisconnect(hdbc);
        SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
    }

    // Environment
    if (henv != SQL_NULL_HENV)
        SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);

    return 0;
}
Parent topic: ODBC-Based Development