Flashing E-commerce Sales with DCS

Overview

Application Scenario

An e-commerce flash sale is like an online auction. To attract customers, merchants release a small number of scarce offerings on the platform. Platforms receive dozens or even hundreds of more order placements than usual. However, only a few customers can place orders successfully. The traffic distribution process of an e-commerce flash sales system is as follows:

User requests: When users place orders, the requests enter the load balancing server.
Load balancing: The load balancing server distributes requests to multiple backend servers based on certain algorithms. The algorithms include round robin, random, and least connections.
Service processing logic: Backend servers receive requests and verify the requested quantity and user identity.
Inventory deduction: If the inventory is robust, the backend server deducts stocks, generates an order, and returns a success message to the user. If the inventory is insufficient, the backend server returns a failure message.
Order processing: Backend servers save the order information to the database and perform asynchronous processing such as notifying users of the order status.
Cache update: Backend servers update the inventory information in the cache for the next flash sale request.

The database is accessed multiple times during the flash sale process. Row-level locking is usually used to restrict access. The database can be accessed and an order can be placed only after a lock is obtained. However, the database is blocked by the sheer number of order requests.

Solution

As the cache of the database, DCS for Redis has the following advantages for clients to access Redis for inventory query and order placement:

Redis offers high read/write speed and concurrency performance to meet the high concurrency requirements of e-commerce flash sales systems.
Redis supports high-availability architecture such as master/standby and cluster. Data persistence is supported, so data can be restored even if the server breaks down.
Redis supports transactions and atomic operations to guarantee the consistency and accuracy of operations.
Redis caches offering and user information to reduce the database load.

In this example, the hash structure of Redis shows the offering information. total refers to the total amount, booked refers to the number of placed orders, and remain refers to the inventory.

"product": {
"total": 200
"booked":0
"remain":200
}

During inventory deduction, the server sends a request to Redis for placing an order. Redis is single-threaded, and Lua can guarantee the atomicity of multiple commands. Run the following Lua script to deduct inventory:

local n = tonumber(ARGV[1])
if not n  or n == 0 then
   return 0
end
local vals = redis.call(\"HMGET\", KEYS[1], \"total\", \"booked\", \"remain\");
local booked = tonumber(vals[2])
local remain = tonumber(vals[3])
if booked <= remain then
   redis.call(\"HINCRBY\", KEYS[1], \"booked\", n)
   redis.call(\"HINCRBY\", KEYS[1], \"remain\", -n)
   return n;
end
return 0

Prerequisites

A DCS instance has been created, and is in the Running state.
The network between the client server and the DCS instance is connected:
- When the client and the DCS Redis instance are in the same VPC:
  By default, networks in a VPC can communicate with each other.
- When the client and the DCS Redis instance are in different VPCs in the same region:
  If the client and DCS Redis instance are not in the same VPC, connect them by establishing a VPC peering connection. For details, see Does DCS Support Cross-VPC Access?
- To access a Redis instance of another region on a client
  If the client server and the Redis instance are not in the same region, connect the network using Direct Connect. For details, see What Is Direct Connect.
- For public access
  For details about how to access a DCS Redis 4.0/5.0/6.0 instance on a client over a public network, see Using Nginx for Public Access to DCS or Using ELB for Public Access to DCS.
JDK1.8 (or later) and IntelliJ IDEA have been installed on the client server. Download the Jedis client.
The development tools and clients mentioned in this document are for example only.

Procedure

Run IntelliJ IDEA on the server. Create a Maven project, create a SecondsKill.java file, and paste the sample code into it. In pom.xml, import Jedis:
```
<dependency>
      <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
        <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.0</version>
</dependency>
```

Compile and run the following demo (this example uses Java).

Change the Redis connection address and port to the actual values.

package com.huawei.demo;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.*;

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;

public class SecondsKill {
	private static void InitProduct(Jedis jedis) {
		jedis.hset("product", "total", "200");
		jedis.hset("product", "booked", "0");
		jedis.hset("product","remain", "200");
	}

	private static String LoadLuaScript(Jedis jedis) {
		String lua = "local n = tonumber(ARGV[1])\n"
			+ "if not n  or n == 0 then\n"
			+ "return 0\n"
			+ "end\n"
			+ "local vals = redis.call(\"HMGET\", KEYS[1], \"total\", \"booked\", \"remain\");\n"
			+ "local booked = tonumber(vals[2])\n"
			+ "local remain = tonumber(vals[3])\n"
			+ "if booked <= remain then\n"
			+ "redis.call(\"HINCRBY\", KEYS[1], \"booked\", n)\n"
			+ "redis.call(\"HINCRBY\", KEYS[1], \"remain\", -n)\n"
			+ "return n;\n"
			+ "end\n"
			+ "return 0";
		String scriptLoad = jedis.scriptLoad(lua);

		return scriptLoad;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
		// Maximum connections
		config.setMaxTotal(30);
		// Maximum idle connections
		config.setMaxIdle(2);
		// Connect to Redis. Replace the Redis instance connection address and port with the actual values.
		JedisPool pool = new JedisPool(config, "127.0.0.1", 6379);
		Jedis jedis = null;
		try {
			jedis = pool.getResource();
                        jedis.auth("password");   //Configure the password of the instance. You do not need to set this parameter for password-free access.
			System.out.println(jedis);

			// Initialize product information.
			InitProduct(jedis);

			// Load the Lua script.
			String scriptLoad = LoadLuaScript(jedis);

			List<String> keys = new ArrayList<>();
			List<String> vals = new ArrayList<>();
			keys.add("product");

			// Request 15 items.
			int num = 15;
			vals.add(String.valueOf(num));

			// Run the Lua script.
			jedis.evalsha(scriptLoad, keys, vals);
			System.out.println("total:"+jedis.hget("product", "total")+"\n"+"booked:"+jedis.hget("product",
				"booked")+"\n"+"remain:"+jedis.hget("product","remain"));

		} catch (Exception ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (jedis != null) {
				jedis.close();
			}
		}
	}
}

Result: