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Data Permission Overview

Updated on 2025-01-10 GMT+08:00

Data lake permissions can be configured in three dimensions: database, table, and function.

Cloud service administrators can configure permissions of different user groups for different managed objects to centrally manage data lake resources.

NOTE:

You can centrally manage permissions on resources in the data lake on the LakeFormation console. IAM users and user groups can also be associated with fine-grained permission policies of LakeFormation for authorization. For details, see Creating a Custom Policy. If there are a large number of data resources in the data lake, you are advised to use the LakeFormation console to centrally manage permissions on resources in the data lake.

The following table lists the main elements in LakeFormation permission configuration.

Table 1 Permission configuration elements

Element

Description

Authorization Entity

You can specify any user group, role, IAM user, or agency to be the authorization entity.

The name of an authorization entity cannot contain hyphens (-). Otherwise, the operation may fail.

Granted To

  • Resources
    • Data catalogs
    • Databases
    • Tables
    • Columns
    • Functions
  • Paths

Operation Type

Access permission on the authorization object that the authorization entity has. Different authorization objects support different operations. For details, see Table 2.

Grant Authorization Permission

Whether to grant the authorization permission. After the authorization permission is granted, the authorization entity can grant the permission to other authorization entities.

Table 2 Operation rights of different authorization objects

Object

Operation Type

Description

Catalog

ALL

Perform all operations on catalogs.

ALTER

Modify catalogs.

CREATE_DATABASE

Create databases.

DROP

Delete catalogs.

DESCRIBE

Check the metadata of catalogs or switch catalogs.

LIST_DATABASE

View the resource list in a catalog.

Database

ALL

Perform all operations on databases.

ALTER

Modify databases.

DROP

Delete databases.

DESCRIBE

Check the metadata of databases or switch databases.

LIST_TABLE

View the resource list in a database.

LIST_FUNC

View functions in a database.

CREATE_TABLE

Create a table in a database.

CREATE_FUNC

Create a function in a database.

Table

ALL

Perform all operations on tables.

ALTER

Modify tables.

DROP

Delete tables.

DESCRIBE

Check the metadata of tables.

UPDATE

Update table data.

INSERT

Insert table data.

SELECT

Query data in a table.

DELETE

Delete data from a table.

Column

SELECT

Query column data in a table.

Function

ALL

Perform all operations on functions.

ALTER

Modify functions.

DROP

Delete functions.

DESCRIBE

Check the metadata of functions.

EXEC

Execute functions.

Path

READ

Read files stored in a path.

WRITE

Write data into the files stored in a path.

NOTE:

Permission administrators are categorized into two types: system permission administrators and service permission administrators, each with distinct IAM permission requirements and scopes of permission management.

  • System permission administrator
    • System permission administrators need the following IAM operation permissions: lakeformation:policy:describe, lakeformation:policy:create, and lakeformation:policy:drop.
    • System permission administrators can assign metadata permissions to other authorization entities and revoke the assigned permissions as well.
  • Service permission administrator
    • Service permission administrators need the following IAM operation permissions: lakeformation:policy:describe and lakeformation:policy:delegate.
    • Service permission administrators are authorized to assign and revoke metadata permissions only after they have received the requisite permissions from the service permission administrator.

Assume that there are system permission administrator (User A), service permission administrator (User B), and common user (User C). After User A has granted User B the ALL permissions for Catalog1, along with authorization rights, User B is then able to grant permissions such as DESC for Catalog1 to User C. However, User B does not have the authority to grant permissions for any other catalogs to User C.

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