Relational Database Service
Relational Database Service
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All results for "
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What's New
Function Overview
Product Bulletin
Vulnerability Notice
Vulnerability Fixing Policies
Service Overview
What Is RDS?
Advantages
Easy Management
High Security
High Reliability
Comparison Between RDS and On-Premises Databases
Typical Use Cases
Reducing Read Pressure with RDS Read/Write Splitting
Product Series
RDS for MySQL Product Series
RDS for MariaDB Product Series
RDS for PostgreSQL Product Series
DB Instance Description
DB Instance Types
DB Instance Storage Types
DB Engines and Versions
DB Instance Statuses
DB Instance Classes
RDS for MySQL Instance Classes
RDS for MariaDB Instance Classes
RDS for PostgreSQL Instance Classes
Constraints
RDS for MySQL Constraints
RDS for MariaDB Constraints
RDS for PostgreSQL Constraints
Billing
Related Services
Basic Concepts
Billing
Billed Items
Billing Modes
Comparison of Billing Modes
Yearly/Monthly Billing
Pay-per-Use Billing
Billing Examples
Billing Mode Changes
Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
Yearly/Monthly to Pay-per-Use
Renewing Subscriptions
Manually Renewing a DB Instance
Auto-Renewing a DB Instance
Bills
Arrears
Billing Termination
Cost Management
Cost Composition
Cost Allocation
Cost Analysis
Cost Optimization
Getting Started
Getting Started with RDS for MySQL
Operation Guide
Step 1: Buy a DB Instance
Step 2: Connect to a DB Instance
Overview
Connecting to an RDS for MySQL DB Instance Through DAS (Recommended)
Connecting to an RDS for MySQL DB Instance Through a Private Network
Overview
Connecting to a DB Instance from a Linux ECS
Connecting to a DB Instance from a Windows ECS
Configuring Security Group Rules
Connecting to an RDS for MySQL DB Instance Through a Public Network
Overview
Binding an EIP
Connecting to a DB Instance from a Linux ECS
Connecting to a DB Instance from a Windows Server
Configuring Security Group Rules
Getting Started with RDS for MariaDB
Operation Guide
Step 1: Buy a DB Instance
Step 2: Connect to a DB Instance
Overview
Connecting to a DB Instance Through a Private Network
Overview
Configuring Security Group Rules
Connecting to a DB Instance Using a MariaDB Client
Connecting to a DB Instance Through a Public Network
Overview
Binding an EIP
Configuring Security Group Rules
Connecting to a DB Instance Using a MariaDB Client
Connecting to a DB Instance Through DAS
Getting Started with RDS for PostgreSQL
Operation Guide
Step 1: Buy a DB Instance
Step 2: Connect to a DB Instance
Overview
Connecting to a DB Instance Through DAS (Recommended)
Connecting to a DB Instance Through a Private Network
Overview
Connecting to a DB Instance from a Linux ECS
Configuring Security Group Rules
Connecting to a DB Instance Through a Public Network
Overview
Binding an EIP
Connecting to a DB Instance from a Linux ECS
Configuring Security Group Rules
Change History
Kernels
RDS for MySQL Kernel
RDS for MySQL Kernel Version Description
Main Kernel Functions
Connection Thread Pool
MDL Views
Online Varchar Length Increase
Ending Idle Transactions
DDL Progress Display
RDS for PostgreSQL Kernel
RDS for PostgreSQL Kernel Version Description
Main Kernel Functions
Failover Slot for Logical Subscriptions
User Guide
Working with RDS for MySQL
Database Usage
Suggestions on Using RDS for MySQL
Database Usage Suggestions
Database Management
Creating a Database
Granting Database Permissions
Deleting a Database
Enabling or Disabling Event Scheduler
Account Management (Non-Administrator)
Creating a Database Account
Resetting a Password for a Database Account
Changing Permissions for a Database Account
Deleting a Database Account
Database Migration
Migrating Data to RDS for MySQL Using mysqldump
Version Upgrade
Upgrading a Minor Version
Instance Management
Instance Lifecycle
Buying a Same DB Instance as an Existing DB Instance
Stopping an Instance
Starting an Instance
Rebooting DB Instances or Read Replicas
Selecting Displayed Items
Exporting DB Instance Information
Deleting DB Instances or Read Replicas
Recycling a DB Instance
Instance Modifications
Changing a DB Instance Name
Changing a DB Instance Description
Changing the Replication Mode
Changing the Failover Priority
Changing Read/Write Permissions
Changing a DB Instance Class
Scaling Up Storage Space
Configuring Storage Autoscaling
Changing the Maintenance Window
Changing a DB Instance Type from Single to Primary/Standby
Promoting a Read Replica to Primary
Manually Switching Between Primary and Standby DB Instances
Changing the AZ of a Standby DB Instance
Data Backups
Performing Backups
Configuring an Intra-Region Backup Policy
Creating a Manual Backup
Replicating a Backup
Managing Backups
Downloading a Full Backup File
Downloading a Binlog Backup File
Checking and Exporting Backup Information
Using mysqlbinlog to View Binlogs
Deleting a Manual Backup
Clearing Binlogs
Setting a Local Retention Period for RDS for MySQL Binlogs
Data Restorations
Restoring Data to RDS for MySQL
Restoring a DB Instance from Backups
Restoring a DB Instance to a Point in Time
Restoring Specified Databases or Tables to a Point in Time
Read Replicas
Introducing Read Replicas
Creating a Read Replica
Managing a Read Replica
Viewing and Changing a Floating IP Address
Binding and Unbinding an EIP
Changing a Database Port
Applying for and Changing a Private Domain Name
Configuring a Security Group Rule
Database Proxy (Read/Write Splitting)
Introduction to RDS for MySQL Database Proxies
Constraints on Database Proxy
Using RDS for MySQL Database Proxies for Read/Write Splitting
Database Proxy Configurations
Configuring Transaction Splitting
Configuring Connection Pools
Modifying Read/Write Splitting Parameters
Configuring the Delay Threshold and Routing Policy
Enabling or Disabling Access Control
Changing the Read/Write Splitting Address
Changing the Read/Write Splitting Port
Changing the Number of Proxy Nodes
Changing the Instance Class of a DB Proxy Instance
Configuring Multi-Statement Processing Modes
Changing a Proxy from Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
Database Proxy Lifecycle
Restarting a Database Proxy
Disabling Read/Write Splitting
Database Proxy Kernel Versions
Kernel Versions
Upgrading the Kernel Version of Database Proxy
Best Practices for Database Proxy
Problem Diagnosis and SQL Analysis
Function Overview
Performance Monitoring
Viewing the Overall Status of a DB Instance
Viewing Performance Metrics of a DB Instance
Problem Diagnosis
Managing Real-Time Sessions
Managing Disk Capacity
Managing Locks & Transactions
Daily Reports
Managing Anomaly Snapshots
SQL Analysis
Viewing Slow Query Logs of a DB Instance
Viewing Top SQL Statements of a DB Instance
Creating a SQL Insights Task
Creating a Concurrency Control Rule
Common Performance Problems
High CPU Usage of RDS for MySQL Instances
High Memory Usage of RDS for MySQL Instances
Full Storage of RDS for MySQL Instances
RDS for MySQL Metadata Locks
Troubleshooting Slow SQL Issues for RDS for MySQL DB Instances
Security and Encryption
Resetting the Administrator Password
Changing a Security Group
Configuring an SSL Connection
Parameters
Modifying Parameters of an RDS for MySQL Instance
Managing Parameter Templates
Creating a Parameter Template
Exporting a Parameter Template
Comparing Parameter Templates
Viewing Parameter Change History
Replicating a Parameter Template
Resetting a Parameter Template
Applying a Parameter Template
Viewing Application Records of a Parameter Template
Modifying a Parameter Template Description
Deleting a Parameter Template
Suggestions on RDS for MySQL Parameter Tuning
Log Management
Viewing and Downloading Error Logs
Viewing and Downloading Slow Query Logs
Viewing Failover/Switchover Logs
Enabling SQL Audit
Downloading SQL Audit Logs
Metrics
Configuring Displayed Metrics
Viewing Monitoring Metrics
Configuring Monitoring by Seconds
Interconnection with CTS
Key Operations Supported by CTS
Viewing Tracing Events
Task Center
Viewing a Task
Deleting a Task Record
RDS for MySQL Tags
Working with RDS for MariaDB
Suggestions on Using RDS for MariaDB
Database Usage Suggestions
Instance Connection
Connecting to an RDS for MariaDB Instance
Connecting to an RDS for MariaDB Instance Through the MySQL CLI Client
Using MySQL CLI to Connect to an Instance Through a Private Network
Using MySQL CLI to Connect to an Instance Through a Public Network
Connecting to an RDS for MariaDB Instance Through JDBC
Connecting to an RDS for MariaDB Instance Through DAS
Parameter Tuning
How Do I Improve the Query Speed of My RDS Database?
Troubleshooting Slow SQL Issues for RDS for MariaDB Instances
Instance Lifecycle
Rebooting DB Instances or Read Replicas
Selecting Displayed Items
Exporting DB Instance Information
Deleting a DB Instance or Read Replica
Modifying Recycling Policy
Rebuilding a DB Instance
Instance Modifications
Changing a DB Instance Name
Changing the Failover Priority
Changing a DB Instance Class
Scaling Up Storage Space
Storage Autoscaling
Manually Switching Between Primary and Standby DB Instances
Changing the Maintenance Window
Read Replicas
Introducing Read Replicas
Creating a Read Replica
Managing a Read Replica
Data Backups
Configuring an Intra-Region Backup Policy
Creating a Manual Backup
Checking and Exporting Backup Information
Downloading a Full Backup File
Downloading a Binlog Backup File
Setting a Local Retention Period for RDS for MariaDB Binlogs
Replicating a Backup
Deleting a Manual Backup
Data Restorations
Restoring a DB Instance from a Backup
Restoring a DB Instance to a Point in Time
Parameter Templates
Creating a Parameter Template
Modifying RDS for MariaDB Instance Parameters
Exporting a Parameter Template
Importing a Parameter Template
Comparing Parameter Templates
Viewing Parameter Change History
Replicating a Parameter Template
Resetting a Parameter Template
Applying a Parameter Template
Viewing Application Records of a Parameter Template
Modifying a Parameter Template Description
Deleting a Parameter Template
Connection Management
Viewing and Changing a Floating IP Address
Binding and Unbinding an EIP
Changing a Database Port
Downloading a Certificate
Configuring a Security Group Rule
Database Management
Creating a Database
Granting Database Permissions
Deleting a Database
Enabling or Disabling Event Scheduler
Account Management (Non-Administrator)
Creating a Database Account
Resetting a Password for a Database Account
Changing Permissions for a Database Account
Deleting a Database Account
Account and Network Security
Resetting the Administrator Password
Configuring an SSL Connection
Unbinding an EIP
Metrics
Configuring Displayed Metrics
Viewing Monitoring Metrics
Setting Alarm Rules
Interconnection with CTS
Key Operations Supported by CTS
Viewing Traces
Log Management
Viewing and Downloading Error Logs
Viewing and Downloading Slow Query Logs
Enabling or Disabling SQL Audit
Downloading SQL Audit Logs
Task Center
Viewing a Task
Deleting a Task Record
Managing Tags
Working with RDS for PostgreSQL
Database Usage
Suggestions on Using RDS for PostgreSQL
Instance Usage Suggestions
Database Usage Suggestions
Database Migration
Migrating Data to RDS for PostgreSQL Using psql
Common Performance Problems
Instance Lifecycle
Buying a Same DB Instance as an Existing DB Instance
Stopping an Instance
Starting an Instance
Rebooting DB Instances or Read Replicas
Selecting Displayed Items
Exporting DB Instance Information
Deleting a DB Instance or Read Replica
Recycling a DB Instance
Instance Modifications
Upgrading a Minor Version
Changing a DB Instance Name
Changing a DB Instance Description
Changing the Replication Mode
Changing the Failover Priority
Changing a DB Instance Class
Scaling Storage Space
Changing the Maintenance Window
Changing a DB Instance Type from Single to Primary/Standby
Manually Switching Between Primary and Standby DB Instances
Changing the AZ of a Standby DB Instance
Read Replicas
Introducing Read Replicas
Creating a Read Replica
Managing a Read Replica
Data Backups
Configuring an Automated Backup Policy
Creating a Manual Backup
Downloading a Full Backup File
Downloading an Incremental Backup File
Checking and Exporting Backup Information
Replicating a Backup
Deleting a Manual Backup
Data Restorations
Restoring from Backup Files to RDS for PostgreSQL Instances
Restoring a DB Instance to a Point in Time
Restoring Databases or Tables to a Point in Time
Parameters
Modifying Parameters of an RDS for PostgreSQL Instance
Managing Parameter Templates
Creating a Parameter Template
Exporting a Parameter Template
Comparing Parameter Templates
Viewing Parameter Change History
Replicating a Parameter Template
Resetting a Parameter Template
Applying a Parameter Template
Viewing Application Records of a Parameter Template
Modifying a Parameter Template Description
Deleting a Parameter Template
Suggestions on RDS for PostgreSQL Parameter Tuning
Connection Management
Viewing and Changing a Floating IP Address
Configuring SSL Encryption
Binding and Unbinding an EIP
Changing a Database Port
Connecting to a DB Instance Through pgAdmin
Extension Management
Installing and Uninstalling an Extension on the RDS Console
Installing and Uninstalling an Extension Using SQL Commands
Supported Extensions
pg_repack
pgAudit
Tablespace Management
Security and Encryption
Database Account Security
Resetting the Administrator Password
Changing a Security Group
Metrics
Configuring Displayed Metrics
Viewing Monitoring Metrics
Interconnection with CTS
Key Operations Supported by CTS
Viewing Tracing Events
Log Management
Viewing and Downloading Error Logs
Viewing and Downloading Slow Query Logs
Enabling SQL Audit
Downloading SQL Audit Logs
Task Center
Viewing a Task
Deleting a Task Record
Major Version Upgrade
Upgrading the Major Version of a DB Instance Using SQL Commands
RDS for PostgreSQL Tags
Best Practices
RDS for MySQL
Description of innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit and sync_binlog
How Do I Use the utf8mb4 Character Set to Store Emojis in an RDS for MySQL DB Instance?
RDS for PostgreSQL
Performing Basic Operations Using pgAdmin
Connecting to an RDS for PostgreSQL Instance
Creating a Database
Creating a Table
Using the Query Tool to Run SQL Statements
Monitoring Databases
Backing Up and Restoring Data
Viewing Slow Query Logs of RDS for PostgreSQL DB Instances
Security Best Practices
Performance White Paper
RDS for MySQL
Test Method
RDS for MySQL 5.7 Test Data
General-Purpose DB Instances
Dedicated DB Instances
RDS for MySQL 8.0 Test Data
General-Purpose DB Instances
Dedicated DB Instances
RDS for PostgreSQL
Test Method
RDS for PostgreSQL 12 Test Data
General-Purpose DB Instances
Dedicated DB Instances
RDS for PostgreSQL 13 Test Data
General-Purpose DB Instances
Dedicated DB Instances
RDS for PostgreSQL 14 Test Data
General-Purpose DB Instances
Dedicated DB Instances
RDS for PostgreSQL 15 Test Data
General-Purpose DB Instances
Dedicated DB Instances
API Reference
Before You Start
Overview
API Calling
Endpoints
Constraints
Concepts
API Types
API Overview
Calling APIs
Making an API Request
Authentication
Response
API v3.1 (Recommended)
Restoring Data to an Existing DB Instance
API v3 (Recommended)
Querying Version Information About APIs
Querying API Versions
Querying a Specified API Version
Querying Version Information About a DB Engine
Querying Database Specifications
Querying the Storage Type of a Database
DB Instance Management
Creating a DB Instance
Stopping an Instance
Changing a DB Instance Name
Changing the Description of a DB Instance
Changing DB Instance Specifications
Scaling Up Storage Space of a DB Instance
Changing a Single DB Instance to Primary/Standby DB Instances
Rebooting a DB Instance
Deleting a DB Instance
Querying DB Instances
Binding and Unbinding an EIP
Changing the Failover Priority
Manually Switching Primary/Standby DB Instances
Changing the Data Replication Mode of Primary/Standby DB Instances
Configuring the Maintenance Window
Database Security
Configuring SSL
Changing a Database Port
Changing a Security Group
Changing a Floating IP Address
Backup and Restoration
Creating a Manual Backup
Obtaining Backups
Obtaining the Link for Downloading a Backup File
Deleting a Manual Backup
Restoring Data to a New DB Instance
Log Information Queries
Querying Database Error Logs
Querying Database Slow Logs
Obtaining Slow Query Log Statistics (RDS for MySQL)
Obtaining Links for Downloading Slow Query Logs
Setting SQL Audit
Querying the Policy for SQL Audit Logs
Obtaining an Audit Log List
Obtaining the Links for Downloading Audit Logs
Database and Account Management (MySQL)
Creating a Database
Querying Details About a Database
Querying Databases
Querying Authorized Databases of a Specified User
Deleting a Database
Creating a Database Account
Querying Database Users
Querying Authorized Users of a Specified Database
Deleting a Database Account
Configuring a Password for a Database Account
Authorizing a Database Account
Revoking Permissions of a Database Account
Resetting the Password for User root
Database and Account Management (PostgreSQL)
Creating a Database
Creating a Database Account
Creating a Database Schema
Granting Read or Write Permissions to a Database Account
Resetting a Password for a Database Account
Querying Databases
Querying Database Users
Querying Database Schemas
Parameter Management
Obtaining a Parameter Template List
Creating a Parameter Template
Modifying a Parameter Template
Applying a Parameter Template
Modifying Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
Obtaining the Parameter Template of a Specified DB Instance
Obtaining Parameters in a Specified Parameter Template
Deleting a Parameter Template
Recycling a DB Instance
Modifying Recycling Policy
Tag Management
Adding Tags in Batches
Deleting Tags in Batches
Querying Project Tags
Obtaining Task Information
Obtaining Information About a Task with a Specified ID
Appendix
Abnormal Request Results
Status Codes
Error Codes
Obtaining a Project ID
Replication Mode
RDS Monitoring Metrics Description
Change History
SDK Reference
SDK Overview
FAQs
Product Consulting
What Should I Pay Attention to When Using RDS?
Will My RDS DB Instances Be Affected by Other User Instances?
What Can I Do About Slow Responses of Websites When They Use RDS?
Can Multiple ECSs Connect to the Same RDS DB Instance?
Resource and Disk Management
Which Types of Logs and Files Occupy RDS Storage Space?
Which Items Occupy the Storage Space of My RDS DB Instances?
How Much Storage Space Is Required for DDL Operations?
Database Connection
What Should I Do If I Can't Connect to My RDS DB Instance?
Can an External Server Access the RDS Database?
What Do I Do If the Number of RDS Database Connections Reaches the Upper Limit?
What Is the Maximum Number of Connections to an RDS DB Instance?
How Can I Create and Connect to an ECS?
What Should I Do If an ECS Cannot Connect to an RDS DB Instance Through a Private Network?
What Should I Do If a Database Client Problem Causes a Connection Failure?
What Should I Do If an RDS Database Problem Causes a Connection Failure?
How Do My Applications Access an RDS DB Instance in a VPC?
Do Applications Need to Support Reconnecting to the RDS DB Instance Automatically?
Why Cannot I Ping My EIP After It Is Bound to a DB Instance?
How Can I Obtain the IP Address of an Application?
Can I Access an RDS DB Instance Over an Intranet Connection Across Regions?
Is an SSL Connection to a DB Instance Interrupted After a Primary/Standby Switchover or Failover?
Database Migration
Why Do I Need to Use the mysqldump or pg_dump Tools for Migration?
What Types of DB Engines Does RDS Support for Importing Data?
Database Permission
Why Does the Root User Not Have the Super Permissions?
Database Storage
What Storage Engines Does RDS for MySQL Support?
What Types of Storage Does RDS Use?
What Should I Do If My Data Exceeds the Available Storage of an RDS for MySQL Instance?
Client Installation
How Can I Install the MySQL Client?
How Can I Install a PostgreSQL Client?
Backup and Restoration
How Long Does RDS Store Backup Data For?
Can My Instance Still Be Used in the Backup Window?
How Can I Back Up an RDS Database to an ECS?
Why Has My Automated Backup Failed?
Why Is a Table or Data Missing from My Database?
Database Monitoring
Which DB Instance Monitoring Metrics Do I Need to Pay Attention To?
Capacity Expansion and Specification Change
Are My RDS DB Instances Still Available During Storage Scale-up and Instance Class Change?
Why Does the DB Instance Become Faulty After the Original Database Port Is Changed?
Database Parameter Modification
What Inappropriate Parameter Settings Cause Unavailability of the RDS for PostgreSQL Database?
Network Security
How Can Data Security Be Ensured During Transmission When I Access RDS Through an EIP?
How Can I Prevent Untrusted Source IP Addresses from Accessing RDS?
What Are the Possible Causes for Data Corruption?
Change History
Troubleshooting
RDS for MySQL
Backup and Restoration Issues
RDS for MySQL Backup Job Failure
Automated Incremental Backup Failed Due to Full Storage
Precautions for Exporting Large Tables Through mysqldump
Commands for Exporting Data Through mysqldump
SQL Statements Such as SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN Displayed After You Run mysqldump
Primary/Standby Replication Issues
Abnormal Replication Between Primary and Standby RDS DB Instances
Parameter-related Issues
[ERROR] 1071 Reported When an Index Fails to Be Created for RDS for MySQL
Tables Failed to Be Found After Case-Sensitivity Setting Changes for RDS for MySQL
Performance Issues
Why Is My SQL Query Running So Slow?
Native Error 1461 Reported by an RDS for MySQL DB Instance
System Inaccessible After Field Addition to an RDS for MySQL Database Table
SQL Issues
ERROR[1451] Reported When a Table with Foreign Keys Cannot Be Deleted
Solution to the Failure of Converting the Field Type
"Row size too large" Reported When an RDS for MySQL Table Failed to Be Created
ERROR [1412] Reported by an RDS for MySQL DB Instance
Connection Issues
Login Failed After the authentication_string Field Is Changed to Display the Password for RDS for MySQL
MySQL-server Connection Failure After a Version Upgrade of RDS for MySQL
Change History
Videos