- What's New
- Function Overview
- Product Bulletin
- Service Overview
- Billing
-
Getting Started
- Getting Started with RDS for MySQL
- Getting Started with RDS for MariaDB
- Getting Started with RDS for PostgreSQL
- Change History
- Huawei Cloud MySQL Kernel
-
User Guide
-
Working with RDS for MySQL
- Suggestions on Using RDS for MySQL
- Database Migration
- Performance Tuning
- Instance Lifecycle
-
Instance Modifications
- Upgrading a Minor Version
- Changing a DB Instance Name
- Changing a DB Instance Description
- Changing the Replication Mode
- Changing the Failover Priority
- Changing a DB Instance Class
- Scaling Up Storage Space
- Configuring Storage Autoscaling
- Changing the Maintenance Window
- Changing a DB Instance Type from Single to Primary/Standby
- Promoting a Read Replica to Primary
- Manually Switching Between Primary and Standby DB Instances
- Changing the AZ of a Standby DB Instance
- Read Replicas
- Data Backups
- Data Restorations
-
Parameter Templates
- Creating a Parameter Template
- Modifying Parameters of an RDS for MySQL Instance
- Exporting a Parameter Template
- Comparing Parameter Templates
- Viewing Parameter Change History
- Replicating a Parameter Template
- Resetting a Parameter Template
- Applying a Parameter Template
- Viewing Application Records of a Parameter Template
- Modifying a Parameter Template Description
- Deleting a Parameter Template
- Connection Management
-
Database Proxy (Read/Write Splitting)
- Introducing Read/Write Splitting
- Suggestions on Using Database Proxy
- Kernel Versions
- Best Practices for Database Proxy
- Enabling Read/Write Splitting
- Configuring Transaction Splitting
- Configuring Connection Pools
- Configuring Multi-Statement Processing Modes
- Changing a Proxy from Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
- Configuring the Delay Threshold and Routing Policy
- Changing the Read/Write Splitting Address
- Changing the Read/Write Splitting Port
- Changing the Instance Class of a DB Proxy Instance
- Changing the Number of Proxy Nodes
- Upgrading the Kernel Version of Database Proxy
- Enabling or Disabling Access Control
- Restarting a Database Proxy
- Modifying Read/Write Splitting Parameters
- Disabling Read/Write Splitting
- Testing Read/Write Splitting Performance
- Database Management
- Account Management (Non-Administrator)
- Account and Network Security
- Metrics
- Interconnection with CTS
- Log Management
- Task Center
- Billing Management
- Managing Tags
-
Working with RDS for MariaDB
- Suggestions on Using RDS for MariaDB
- Instance Connection
- Parameter Tuning
- Instance Lifecycle
- Instance Modifications
- Read Replicas
- Data Backups
- Data Restorations
-
Parameter Templates
- Creating a Parameter Template
- Modifying RDS for MariaDB Instance Parameters
- Exporting a Parameter Template
- Importing a Parameter Template
- Comparing Parameter Templates
- Viewing Parameter Change History
- Replicating a Parameter Template
- Resetting a Parameter Template
- Applying a Parameter Template
- Viewing Application Records of a Parameter Template
- Modifying a Parameter Template Description
- Deleting a Parameter Template
- Connection Management
- Database Management
- Account Management (Non-Administrator)
- Account and Network Security
- Metrics
- Interconnection with CTS
- Log Management
- Task Center
- Managing Tags
-
Working with RDS for PostgreSQL
- Suggestions on Using RDS for PostgreSQL
- Database Migration
- Performance Tuning
- Instance Lifecycle
-
Instance Modifications
- Upgrading a Minor Version
- Changing a DB Instance Name
- Changing a DB Instance Description
- Changing the Replication Mode
- Changing the Failover Priority
- Changing a DB Instance Class
- Scaling Storage Space
- Changing the Maintenance Window
- Changing a DB Instance Type from Single to Primary/Standby
- Manually Switching Between Primary and Standby DB Instances
- Changing the AZ of a Standby DB Instance
- Read Replicas
- Data Backups
- Data Restorations
-
Parameter Templates
- Creating a Parameter Template
- Modifying Parameters of an RDS for PostgreSQL Instance
- Exporting a Parameter Template
- Comparing Parameter Templates
- Viewing Parameter Change History
- Replicating a Parameter Template
- Resetting a Parameter Template
- Applying a Parameter Template
- Viewing Application Records of a Parameter Template
- Modifying a Parameter Template Description
- Deleting a Parameter Template
- Connection Management
- Extension Management
- Tablespace Management
- Account and Network Security
- Metrics
- Interconnection with CTS
- Log Management
- Task Center
- Billing Management
- Major Version Upgrade
- Managing Tags
-
Working with RDS for MySQL
- Best Practices
- Performance White Paper
-
API Reference
- Before You Start
- API Overview
- Calling APIs
- API v3.1 (Recommended)
-
API v3 (Recommended)
- Querying Version Information About APIs
- Querying Version Information About a DB Engine
- Querying Database Specifications
- Querying the Storage Type of a Database
-
DB Instance Management
- Creating a DB Instance
- Stopping an Instance
- Changing a DB Instance Name
- Changing the Description of a DB Instance
- Changing DB Instance Specifications
- Scaling Up Storage Space of a DB Instance
- Changing a Single DB Instance to Primary/Standby DB Instances
- Rebooting a DB Instance
- Deleting a DB Instance
- Querying DB Instances
- Binding and Unbinding an EIP
- Changing the Failover Priority
- Manually Switching Primary/Standby DB Instances
- Changing the Data Replication Mode of Primary/Standby DB Instances
- Configuring the Maintenance Window
- Database Security
- Backup and Restoration
- Log Information Queries
-
Database and Account Management (MySQL)
- Creating a Database
- Querying Details About a Database
- Querying Databases
- Querying Authorized Databases of a Specified User
- Deleting a Database
- Creating a Database Account
- Querying Database Users
- Querying Authorized Users of a Specified Database
- Deleting a Database Account
- Configuring a Password for a Database Account
- Authorizing a Database Account
- Revoking Permissions of a Database Account
- Resetting the Password for User root
- Database and Account Management (PostgreSQL)
-
Parameter Management
- Obtaining a Parameter Template List
- Creating a Parameter Template
- Modifying a Parameter Template
- Applying a Parameter Template
- Modifying Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
- Obtaining the Parameter Template of a Specified DB Instance
- Obtaining Parameters in a Specified Parameter Template
- Deleting a Parameter Template
- Recycling a DB Instance
- Tag Management
- Obtaining Task Information
- Appendix
- Change History
- SDK Reference
-
FAQs
- Product Consulting
- Resource and Disk Management
-
Database Connection
- What Should I Do If I Can't Connect to My RDS DB Instance?
- Can an External Server Access the RDS Database?
- What Do I Do If the Number of RDS Database Connections Reaches the Upper Limit?
- What Is the Maximum Number of Connections to an RDS DB Instance?
- How Can I Create and Connect to an ECS?
- What Should I Do If an ECS Cannot Connect to an RDS DB Instance Through a Private Network?
- What Should I Do If a Database Client Problem Causes a Connection Failure?
- What Should I Do If an RDS Database Problem Causes a Connection Failure?
- How Do My Applications Access an RDS DB Instance in a VPC?
- Do Applications Need to Support Reconnecting to the RDS DB Instance Automatically?
- Why Cannot I Ping My EIP After It Is Bound to a DB Instance?
- How Can I Obtain the IP Address of an Application?
- Can I Access an RDS DB Instance Over an Intranet Connection Across Regions?
- Is an SSL Connection to a DB Instance Interrupted After a Primary/Standby Switchover or Failover?
- Database Migration
- Database Permission
- Database Storage
- Client Installation
- Backup and Restoration
- Database Monitoring
- Capacity Expansion and Specification Change
- Database Parameter Modification
- Network Security
- Change History
- Troubleshooting
- Videos
Test Method
MySQL is one of the world's most popular open-source relational databases. It works with the Linux, Apache, and PHP (LAMP) stack to provide efficient web solutions. It solves problems such as poor database performance, long data replication delay, and long fault recovery time in high concurrency scenarios.
RDS for MySQL is ready for immediate use, and provides backup and restoration, data migration, security protection, high availability, and elastic scalability. You can obtain a production database with high performance and scalability in a few minutes after simple configurations while your data integrity and service continuity are guaranteed.
Test Environment
- Elastic Cloud Server (ECS): general computing | c3.2xlarge.2 | 8 vCPUs | 16 GB, CentOS7.4 64 bit image. Bind an elastic IP (EIP) to the ECS because additional compilation tools need to be installed on stress testing tools.
NOTE:
RDS for MySQL 8.0 test environment is as follows:
- ECS: general computing-plus | c6.4xlarge.2 | 16 vCPUs | 32 GB, CentOS 7.6 (64 bit). Bind an EIP to the ECS because additional compilation tools need to be installed on stress testing tools.
Test Tool
Sysbench is a multi-threaded benchmark tool based on LuaJIT, allowing you to quickly get an impression of system performance by using a built-in database test model. For details, visit https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench.
Sysbench 1.0.18 is used in this test. Run the following commands to install it:
# wget -c https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench/archive/1.0.18.zip
# yum install autoconf libtool mysql mysql-devel vim unzip
# unzip 1.0.18.zip
# cd sysbench-1.0.18
# ./autogen.sh
# ./configure
# make
# make install
Test Procedure
Replace the database name, connection IP address, and user password based on the site requirements.
- Import data.
- Run the following command to log in to a database and create the test database loadtest:
mysql -u root -P 3306 -h <host> -p -e "create database loadtest"
- Run the following command to import the test background data to the loadtest database:
sysbench --test=/usr/local/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --db-driver=mysql --mysql-db=loadtest --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=<password> --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=<host> --oltp-tables-count=64 --oltp-table-size=10000000 --num-threads=20 prepare
- Run the following command to log in to a database and create the test database loadtest:
- Run the following command to perform a stress testing:
sysbench --test=/usr/local/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --db-driver=mysql --mysql-db=loadtest --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=<password> --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=<host> --oltp-tables-count=64 --oltp-table-size=10000000 --max-time=3600 --max-requests=0 --num-threads=200 --report-interval=3 --forced-shutdown=1 run
- Run the following command to delete the test data:
sysbench --test=/usr/local/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --db-driver=mysql --mysql-db=loadtest --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=<password> --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=<host> --oltp-tables-count=64 --oltp-table-size=10000000 --max-time=3600 --max-requests=0 --num-threads=200 cleanup
Testing Model
- Table structure:
`id` INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`k` INTEGER UNSIGNED DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL,
`c` CHAR(120) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL,
`pad` CHAR(60) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB
- Read/write ratio:
The default transaction submitted by sysbench contains 18 SQL statements. The details are as follows:
- Ten primary key select statements:
- Four range select statements:
SELECT c FROM ${rand_table_name} WHERE id BETWEEN ${rand_id_start} AND ${rand_id_end};
SELECT SUM(K) FROM ${rand_table_name} WHERE id BETWEEN ${rand_id_start} AND ${rand_id_end};
SELECT c FROM ${rand_table_name} WHERE id BETWEEN ${rand_id_start} AND ${rand_id_end} ORDER BY c;
SELECT DISTINCT c FROM ${rand_table_name} WHERE id BETWEEN ${rand_id_start} AND ${rand_id_end} ORDER BY c;
- Two update statements:
UPDATE ${rand_table_name} SET k=k+1 WHERE id=${rand_id}
UPDATE ${rand_table_name} SET c=${rand_str} WHERE id=${rand_id}
- One delete statement:
- One insert statement:
INSERT INTO ${rand_table_name} (id, k, c, pad) VALUES (${rand_id},${rand_k},${rand_str_c},${rand_str_pad})
Test Metrics
- Transaction per second (TPS) refers to the number of transactions executed per second by a database. Each transaction contains 18 SQL statements.
- Query per second (QPS) refers to the number of SQL statements, including INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements, executed per second.
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