Help Center/ Object Storage Service/ User Guide/ Object Management/ Upload/ Streaming Upload (PUT)
Updated on 2024-10-24 GMT+08:00
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Streaming Upload (PUT)

Scenarios

If the size of an object, such as a text file, image, or video, to be uploaded is smaller than 5 GB, you can use streaming upload (PUT).

Parameters sent by PUT are passed in the request header. You need to specify the object name in the URL. An example request is as follows:

PUT /ObjectName HTTP/1.1

OBS allows you to upload objects to buckets in a specified region, but Huawei Cloud does not detect the object content you uploaded. If your object uploads involve cross-border transfer, ensure that your use complies with relevant laws and regulations.

Prerequisites

  • You have the write permissions to a bucket.
  • If you want to classify files, you can create folders and upload files to different folders. For details, see Creating a Folder.

Constraints

Size and number of objects to upload

  • If a file is smaller than 5 GB, use streaming upload. To upload a file larger than 5 GB, refer to Multipart Upload.
  • You can specify a quota for a bucket to limit its storage capacity. For details, see Managing Bucket Quotas.

Object naming

See Guidelines on Naming Object Keys.

Batch operations

Batch uploads are available only when:
  1. The bucket is in CN-Hong Kong, AP-Bangkok, or AP-Singapore.
  2. The bucket version is 3.0. To view a bucket version, see Checking OBS Version (OBS 2.0 or OBS 3.0).

Folder uploads

You can upload folders using OBS Console, OBS Browser+, or obsutil.

Other

  • Versioning is not enabled for a bucket:
    • If you upload a new file with the same name as the one in the bucket, the new file will automatically overwrite the previous one and the ACL information of the previous file will not be retained.
    • If you upload a new folder with the same name as the one in the bucket, the two folders will be merged, and files in the new folder will overwrite those with the same name in the previous folder.
  • Versioning is enabled for a bucket: If you upload a new file with the same name as the one you previously uploaded to the bucket, a new file version will be added to the bucket. For details, see Versioning.

Ways to Upload

You can use OBS Console, APIs, SDKs, OBS Browser+, or obsutil to upload objects.

Using OBS Console

  1. In the navigation pane of OBS Console, choose Object Storage.
  2. In the bucket list, click the bucket you want to operate.
  3. Go to the folder that you want to upload files to and click Upload Object. The Upload Object dialog box is displayed.

    Batch upload is used as an example here. If a region only supports single upload, follow the on-screen instructions.

    If the files that you want to upload to OBS are stored in Microsoft OneDrive, it is recommended that the names of these files contain a maximum of 32 characters to ensure compatibility.

    Figure 1 Object Upload

  4. Select a storage class. If you do not specify a storage class, the objects you upload inherit the default storage class of the bucket.

    An object can have a different storage class from its bucket. You can specify a storage class for an object when uploading it, or you can change the object storage class after the object is uploaded.

  5. Drag and drop the files or folders you want to upload to the Upload Object area.

    You can also click add files in the Upload Object area to select files.

  6. Server-Side Encryption: Choose Disable, SSE-KMS, or SSE-OBS. For details, see Server-Side Encryption.

    If the bucket has Server-Side Encryption configured, an object you upload will inherit encryption from the bucket by default, but you can change the encryption option as required.

  7. (Optional) To configure WORM retention policies, or metadata, click Next: (Optional) Configure Advanced Settings.

    WORM retention policies can be configured in the advanced settings only when WORM is enabled for the bucket.

    Configuring metadata: Add metadata ContentDisposition, ContentLanguage, WebsiteRedirectLocation, ContentEncoding, or ContentType as needed. For more information, see OBS Metadata. Metadata is a set of name-value pairs. The metadata value cannot be left blank. You can add two or more metadata entries by clicking Add.

    Configuring WORM retention: Choose Inherit from bucket, or choose Configure and then specify a retention period, to automatically protect new objects uploaded to the bucket from being deleted.

    Figure 2 Configuring metadata or WORM retention

  8. Click Upload.

Using APIs

Uploading an Object

Using SDKs

Java

Python

C

Go

BrowserJS: not supported

.NET

Android

iOS

PHP

Node.js

Using the GUI Tool - OBS Browser+

  1. Log in to OBS Browser+.
  2. Click the bucket where you want to upload files or folders.
  3. Click Upload and then Add File or Folder, as shown in Figure 3.

    Figure 3 Uploading a file or folder

    For better experience when using the Add File function, you are advised to upload a maximum of 100 files at a time. If you need to upload more, place all the files in a folder and upload them by adding a folder.

    1. If message "Service Unavailable" is displayed when files are being uploaded, try again later.
    2. If an access deny message is displayed when you are uploading a file or folder, possible causes are as follows:
    • Access to the bucket is restricted by an ACL. For example, you do not have the write permission for the bucket.
    • Access to the bucket is restricted by a bucket policy. For example, you do not have the write permission for the bucket, or write operations cannot be performed on the bucket during the current period.

      If such message is displayed, check ACL and policy settings of the bucket and resolve the problem accordingly.

    You must have access to the file you want to upload, or the file upload will fail.

  4. In the displayed dialog box, select the file or folder you want to upload and click Open.

    You can upload one folder or multiple files at a time. To upload multiple files, hold down Ctrl or Shift to select multiple files and batch upload them. You can also press Ctrl+A to select all files. The operations are consistent with those in Windows operating systems.

  5. Click OK.

Using the CLI Tool - obsutil

Command Line Structure

  • In Windows
    • Uploading a file 
      obsutil cp file_url obs://bucket[/key] [-arcDir=xxx] [-dryRun] [-link] [-u] [-vlength] [-vmd5] [-p=1] [-threshold=5248800] [-acl=xxx] [-sc=xxx] [-meta=aaa:bbb#ccc:ddd] [-ps=auto] [-o=xxx] [-cpd=xxx] [-fr] [-o=xxx] [-config=xxx] [-e=xxx] [-i=xxx] [-k=xxx] [-t=xxx]
    • Uploading a folder 
      obsutil cp folder_url obs://bucket[/key] -r [-arcDir=xxx] [-dryRun] [-link] [-f] [-flat] [-u] [-vlength] [-vmd5] [-j=1] [-p=1] [-threshold=52428800] [-acl=xxx] [-sc=xxx] [-meta=aaa:bbb#ccc:ddd] [-ps=auto] [-include=*.xxx] [-exclude=*.xxx] [-timeRange=time1-time2] [-mf] [-o=xxx] [-cpd=xxx] [-config=xxx] [-e=xxx] [-i=xxx] [-k=xxx] [-t=xxx]
    • Uploading multiple files/folders 
      obsutil cp file1_url,folder1_url|filelist_url obs://bucket[/prefix] -msm=1 [-r] [-arcDir=xxx] [-dryRun] [-link] [-f] [-u] [-vlength] [-vmd5] [-flat] [-j=1] [-p=1] [-threshold=52428800] [-acl=xxx] [-sc=xxx] [-meta=aaa:bbb#ccc:ddd] [-ps=auto] [-include=*.xxx] [-exclude=*.xxx][-timeRange=time1-time2] [-at] [-mf] [-o=xxx] [-cpd=xxx] [-config=xxx] [-e=xxx] [-i=xxx] [-k=xxx] [-t=xxx]

      In this command, /prefix is the name prefix for uploading folders. For the execution examples, see Upload.

  • In Linux or macOS
    • Uploading a file 
      ./obsutil cp file_url obs://bucket[/key] [-arcDir=xxx] [-dryRun] [-link] [-u] [-vlength] [-vmd5] [-p=1] [-threshold=5248800] [-acl=xxx] [-sc=xxx] [-meta=aaa:bbb#ccc:ddd] [-ps=auto] [-o=xxx] [-cpd=xxx] [-fr] [-o=xxx] [-config=xxx] [-e=xxx] [-i=xxx] [-k=xxx] [-t=xxx]
    • Uploading a folder 
      ./obsutil cp folder_url obs://bucket[/key] -r [-arcDir=xxx] [-dryRun] [-link] [-f] [-flat] [-u] [-vlength] [-vmd5] [-j=1] [-p=1] [-threshold=52428800] [-acl=xxx] [-sc=xxx] [-meta=aaa:bbb#ccc:ddd] [-ps=auto] [-include=*.xxx] [-exclude=*.xxx] [-timeRange=time1-time2] [-at] [-mf] [-o=xxx] [-cpd=xxx] [-config=xxx] [-e=xxx] [-i=xxx] [-k=xxx] [-t=xxx]
    • Uploading multiple files/folders 
      ./obsutil cp file1_url,folder1_url|filelist_url obs://bucket[/prefix] -msm=1 [-r] [-arcDir=xxx] [-dryRun] [-link] [-f] [-u] [-vlength] [-vmd5] [-flat] [-j=1] [-p=1] [-threshold=52428800] [-acl=xxx] [-sc=xxx] [-meta=aaa:bbb#ccc:ddd] [-ps=auto] [-include=*.xxx] [-exclude=*.xxx][-timeRange=time1-time2] [-mf] [-o=xxx] [-cpd=xxx] [-config=xxx] [-e=xxx] [-i=xxx] [-k=xxx] [-t=xxx]

      In this command, /prefix is the name prefix for uploading folders. For the execution examples, see Upload.

Examples

  • Take the Windows OS as an example. Run the obsutil cp d:\temp\test.txt obs://bucket-test/key command to upload the test.txt file in the temp directory in the D: drive to bucket bucket-test and rename the file as key. 
    obsutil cp d:\temp\test.txt obs://bucket-test/key

Parallel:      5                   Jobs:          5
Threshold:     50.00MB             PartSize:      auto
VerifyLength:  false               VerifyMd5:     false
CheckpointDir: C:\Users\Administrator\.obsutil_checkpoint

[====================================================] 100.00% 1.68 MB/s 8.46MB/8.46MB 5s
Upload successfully, 8.46MB, n/a, d:\temp\test.txt --> obs://bucket-test/key, cost [5], status [200], request id [0000016979E1D2B2860BB5181229C72C]
  • Take the Windows OS as an example. Run the obsutil cp d:\temp obs://bucket-test -f -r command to recursively upload all files and subfolders in the temp directory in the D: drive to the temp folder in bucket bucket-test. 
    obsutil cp d:\temp obs://bucket-test -f -r

Parallel:      5                   Jobs:          5
Threshold:     50.00MB             PartSize:      auto
VerifyLength:  false               VerifyMd5:     false
CheckpointDir: C:\Users\Administrator\.obsutil_checkpoint

Task id: 104786c8-27c2-48fc-bc6a-5886596fb0ed
OutputDir: C:\Users\Administrator\.obsutil_output

[========================================================] 100.00% tps:35.71 2.02 KB/s 7.20MB/7.20MB 0s
Succeed count is:   5         Failed count is:    0
Metrics [max cost:90 ms, min cost:45 ms, average cost:63.80 ms, average tps:35.71]

Task id: 104786c8-27c2-48fc-bc6a-5886596fb0ed
  • For more examples, see Upload.

Parameter Description

Parameter

Optional or Mandatory

Description

file_url

Optional for uploading multiple files/folders

Mandatory for uploading a file

Local file path

NOTE:
  • Do not nest paths when uploading multiple files/folders. For example, you cannot specify /a/b/c and /a/b/ at the same time.
  • If this parameter is configured when uploading multiple files/folders, msm must be set to 1. In this case, use commas (,) to separate multiple file paths, for example, file_url1,file_url2.
  • Files and folders can both be included when uploading multiple files/folders. For example, file_url1,folder_url1,file_url2,folder_url2.

folder_url

Optional for uploading multiple files/folders

Mandatory for uploading a folder

Local folder path

NOTE:
  • If flat is not configured when uploading a folder, the entire folder is uploaded. If flat is configured, all files in the folder are uploaded.
  • Do not nest paths when uploading multiple files/folders. For example, you cannot specify /a/b/c and /a/b/ at the same time.
  • If this parameter is configured when uploading multiple files/folders, msm must be set to 1. In this case, use commas (,) to separate multiple folder paths, for example, folder_url1,folder_url2.
  • Files and folders can both be included when uploading multiple files/folders. For example, file_url1,folder_url1,file_url2,folder_url2.

filelist_url

Optional for uploading multiple files/folders

Indicates the path of the file that contains the list of files/folders to be uploaded. If this parameter is configured, msm must be set to 2.

NOTE:
  • The list file is in common text file formats, such as TXT and CSV. Each line in the file indicates a file or folder to be uploaded. For example:

    file_url1

    file_url2

    folder_url1

    folder_url2

  • Do not nest paths in the list file. For example, you cannot specify /a/b/c and /a/b/ at the same time.

bucket

Mandatory

Bucket name

key

Optional

Indicates the object name or object name prefix specified when uploading a file, or the object name prefix specified when uploading a folder.

The rules are as follows:

  • If this parameter is left blank when uploading a file, the file is uploaded to the root directory of the bucket and the object name is the file name. If the value ends with a slash (/), the value is used as the object name prefix when the file is uploaded, and the object name is the value plus the file name. If the value does not end with a slash (/), the file is uploaded with the value as the object name.
  • If this parameter is left blank when uploading a folder, the folder is uploaded to the root directory of the bucket. If the value ends with a slash (/), the value is used as the object name prefix of the folder to be uploaded. If the value does not end with a slash (/), the folder to be uploaded is prefixed with the value plus a slash (/).
NOTE:

For details about how to use this parameter, see Upload.

fr

Optional for uploading a file (additional parameter)

Generates an operation result list when uploading a file.

flat

Optional for uploading a folder or multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Uploads all files in a folder but not the folder itself.

arcDir

Optional (additional parameter)

Path to which the uploaded files are archived

dryRun

Optional (additional parameter)

Conducts a dry run.

link

Optional (additional parameter)

Uploads the actual path of the symbolic-link file/folder

NOTICE:
  • If this parameter is not specified and the file to be uploaded is a symbolic-link file whose target file does not exist, the exception message "The system cannot find the file specified" will be displayed in Windows OS, while the exception message "No such file or directory" will be displayed in macOS or Linux OS.
  • Avoid the symbolic link loop of a folder, otherwise, the upload will exit due to panic. If you do not want the system to panic, set panicForSymbolicLinkCircle to false in the configuration file.

u

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates incremental upload. If this parameter is set, each file can be uploaded only when it does not exist in the bucket, its size is different from the namesake one in the bucket, or it has the latest modification time.

CAUTION:

When you compare each local file with data in the bucket, a billable HEAD request is generated. For details, see Requests.

vlength

Optional (additional parameter)

After the upload completes, check whether the sizes of the objects in the bucket are the same as those of the local files.

vmd5

Optional (additional parameter)

After the upload completes, check whether the MD5 values of the objects in the bucket are the same as those of the local files.

NOTE:
  • If the size of the file or folder to be uploaded is too large, using this parameter will degrade the overall performance due to MD5 calculation.
  • After the MD5 verification is successful, this parameter value is used for metadata x-obs-meta-md5chksum, for later MD5 verification during download or copy.

p

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates the maximum number of concurrent multipart upload tasks when uploading a file. The default value is the value of defaultParallels in the configuration file.

threshold

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates the threshold for enabling multipart upload, in bytes. The default value is the value of defaultBigfileThreshold in the configuration file.

NOTE:
  • If the size of the file or folder to be uploaded is smaller than the threshold, upload it directly. Otherwise, a multipart upload is required.
  • If you upload a file or folder directly, no part record is generated, and resumable transmission is not supported.
  • This parameter value can contain a unit, for example, 1MB (indicating 1048576 bytes).

acl

Optional (additional parameter)

Access control policies that can be specified when uploading files. Possible values are:

  • private
  • public-read
  • public-read-write
  • bucket-owner-full-control
NOTE:

The preceding four values indicate private read and write, public read, public read and write, and bucket owner full control.

sc

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates the storage classes of objects that can be specified when uploading files. Possible values are:

  • standard: Standard storage class. It features low access latency and high throughput, and is applicable to storing frequently accessed data (multiple accesses per month) or data that is smaller than 1 MB.
  • warm: Infrequent Access storage class. It is ideal for storing infrequently accessed (less than 12 times a year) data, but when needed, the access has to be fast.
  • cold: Archive storage class. It provides secure, durable, and inexpensive storage for rarely-accessed (once a year) data.
  • deep-archive: Deep Archive storage class (under limited beta testing). It is suitable for storing data that is barely (once every few years) accessed. This storage class costs less than the Archive storage class, but takes longer time (usually several hours) to restore data.

meta

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates the standard and custom metadata that can be specified during file upload. This parameter should be configured in the following format: key1:value1#key2:value2#key3:value3.

NOTE:
  1. The format example above indicates that the destination objects contain three groups of custom metadata: key1:value1, key2:value2, and key3:value3.
  2. Standard metadata headers include Content-Type, Content-Encoding, Cache-Control, Content-Disposition, Content-Language and Expires.

ps

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates the size of each part in a multipart upload task, in bytes. The value ranges from 100KB to 5GB. The default value is the value of defaultPartSize in the configuration file.

NOTE:
  • This parameter value can contain a unit, for example, 1MB (indicating 1048576 bytes).
  • The parameter can be set to auto. In this case, obsutil automatically sets the part size for each multipart task based on the source file size.

cpd

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates the folder where the part records reside. The default value is .obsutil_checkpoint, the subfolder in the home directory of the user who executes obsutil commands.

NOTE:

A part record is generated during a multipart upload and saved to the upload subfolder. After the upload succeeds, its part record is deleted automatically. If the upload fails or is suspended, the system attempts to resume the task according to its part record when you perform the upload the next time.

r

Mandatory for uploading a folder (additional parameter)

Optional for uploading multiple files/folders

Indicates files and subfolders within the folder when uploading a folder recursively.

f

Optional for uploading a folder or multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Runs in force mode.

j

Optional for uploading a folder or multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Indicates the maximum number of concurrent tasks for uploading a folder. The default value is the value of defaultJobs in the configuration file.

NOTE:

The value is ensured to be greater than or equal to 1.

msm

Mandatory for uploading multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Enables the mode for uploading multiple files/folders. Possible values are 1 and 2.

NOTE:
  • If msm is set to 1, the source URL indicates a list of file/folder names separated by commas.
  • If msm is set to 2, the source URL indicates a file containing a list of file/folder names.
  • If the file or folder name already contains commas (,), do not set msm to 1.
  • If parameter r is not set, the folders in the list will not be uploaded.

exclude

Optional for uploading a folder or multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Indicates the file matching patterns that are excluded, for example: *.txt.

NOTE:
  • The asterisk (*) represents any group of characters, and the question mark (?) represents any single character. For instance, abc*.txt indicates any file whose name starts with abc and ends with .txt.
  • You can use \* to represent * and \? to represent ?.
  • If the name of the file to be uploaded matches the value of this parameter, the file is skipped.
NOTICE:
  • You are advised to use quotation marks for the matching pattern to prevent special characters from being escaped by the OS and leading to unexpected results. Use single quotation marks for Linux or macOS and quotation marks for Windows.
  • The matching pattern applies to the absolute file path (including the file name and file directory).
  • The matching pattern takes effect only for files in the folder.
  • Multiple exclude parameters can be specified, for example, -exclude=*.xxx -exclude=*.xxx.

include

Optional for uploading a folder or multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Indicates the file matching patterns that are included, for example: *.jpg.

NOTE:
  • The asterisk (*) represents any group of characters, and the question mark (?) represents any single character.
  • You can use \* to represent * and \? to represent ?.
  • Only after identifying that the name of the file to be uploaded does not match the value of exclude, the system checks whether the file name matches the value of this parameter. If yes, the file is uploaded. If not, the file is skipped.
NOTE:

Example of uploading files in a request with the include parameter contained:

./obsutil cp /localpath/ obs://test/ -include=/localpath/2022-12-09/* -f -r

This command uploads files that are under localpath and start with /localpath/2022-12-09/ to bucket test.

NOTICE:
  • You are advised to use quotation marks for the matching pattern to prevent special characters from being escaped by the OS and leading to unexpected results. Use single quotation marks for Linux or macOS and quotation marks for Windows.
  • The matching pattern applies to the absolute file path (including the file name and file directory).
  • The matching pattern takes effect only for files in the folder.
  • Multiple include parameters can be specified, for example, -include=*.xxx -include=*.xxx.

at

Optional for uploading a folder or multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Indicates that only the files whose latest access time is within the value of timeRange are uploaded.

NOTE:
  • This parameter must be used together with timeRange.

disableDirObject

Optional for uploading multiple folders (additional parameter)

Indicates the folders themselves are not uploaded as an object. Configuring this parameter can avoid uploading empty folders to a bucket. If a folder contains files, the files will be uploaded and the original path format is retained.

timeRange

Optional for uploading a folder or multiple files/folders (additional parameter)

Indicates the time range matching pattern when uploading files. Only files whose latest modification time is within the configured time range are uploaded.

This pattern has a lower priority than the file matching patterns (exclude/include). That is, the time range matching pattern is executed after the configured file matching patterns.

NOTE:
  • The matching time range is represented in time1-time2, where time1 must be earlier than or the same as time2. The time format is yyyyMMddHHmmss.
  • Automatic formatting is supported. For example, yyyyMMdd is equivalent to yyyyMMdd000000, and yyyyMM is equivalent to yyyyMM01000000.
  • If this parameter is set to *-time2, all files whose latest modification time is earlier than time2 are matched. If it is set to time1-*, all files whose latest modification time is later than time1 are matched.
NOTICE:

Time in the matching pattern is the UTC time.

mf

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates that the name matching pattern (include or exclude) and the time matching pattern (timeRange) also take effect on folders.

o

Optional (additional parameter)

Indicates the folder where operation result lists reside. After the command is executed, result lists (possibly including success, failure, and warning files) are generated in the folder. The default value is .obsutil_output, the subfolder in the home directory of the user who executes obsutil commands.

NOTE:
  • The naming rule for result lists is as follows: cp_{succeed | failed | warning}_report_time_TaskId.txt
  • By default, the maximum size of a single result list is 30 MB and the maximum number of result lists that can be retained is 1024. You can set the maximum size and number by configuring recordMaxLogSize and recordBackups in the configuration file.
  • If there are multiple folders and files and you need to confirm the detailed error information about a failed task, refer to the failure list cp_failed_report_time_TaskId.txt in the result list folder and the log files in the log path.

config

Optional (additional parameter)

User-defined configuration file for executing the current command. To learn the parameters that can be configured in this file, see Configuration Parameters.

e

Optional (additional parameter)

Specifies the endpoint.

i

Optional (additional parameter)

Specifies the user's AK.

k

Optional (additional parameter)

Specifies the user's SK.

t

Optional (additional parameter)

Specifies the user's security token.

Response

Field

Description

Parallel

Parameter -p in the request

Jobs

Parameter -j in the request

Threshold

Parameter -threshold in the request

PartSize

Parameter -ps in the request

Exclude

Parameter -exclude in the request

Include

Parameter -include in the request

TimeRange

Parameter -timeRange in the request

VerifyLength

Parameter -vlength in the request

VerifyMd5

Parameter -vmd5 in the request

CheckpointDir

Parameter -cpd in the request

OutputDir

Parameter -o in the request

ArcDir

Parameter -arcDir in the request

Succeed count

Number of successful tasks

Failed count

Number of failed tasks

Skip count

Number of tasks that are skipped during incremental upload, download, or copy, and synchronous upload, download, or copy.

NOTE:

Skipped tasks are recorded into successful tasks.

Warning count

Number of tasks that are executed successfully but contain warnings.

NOTE:
  • The task for which a warning is generated may be a failure or a success, which needs to be further determined according to the corresponding result list.
  • The number of tasks that generate warnings is independent of the number of successful or failed tasks. The total number of tasks is the number of successful tasks plus the number of failed tasks.

Succeed bytes

Number of bytes that are successfully uploaded or downloaded.

max cost

Maximum duration of all tasks, in ms

min cost

Minimum duration of all tasks, in ms

average cost

Average duration of all tasks, in ms

average tps

The average number of tasks completed per second

Task id

Unique ID of an operation, which is used to search for the result list generated in a batch task

Parent Topic: Upload