Step 1: Prepare Data
Preparations
If you are new to DataArts Studio, register a Huawei account, buy a DataArts Studio instance, create workspaces, and make other preparations. For details, see Buying and Configuring a DataArts Studio Instance. Then you can go to the created workspace and start using DataArts Studio.
Preparing Data Sources
This practice uses the 100,000 scores given by 1,000 users to 1,700 movies. The scores are available at https://grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/100k/. Obtain the .zip package from the link and extract the u.item and u.data files from it. They contain the movie information and rating information, respectively.
To facilitate demonstration, this practice provides some data used to simulate the original data. To integrate the source data into the cloud, you need to store the sample data in CSV files and upload them to an OBS bucket.
- Create CSV files (UTF-8 without BOM), name the files with the corresponding data table names, copy the sample data to different CSV files, and save the files.
To generate a CSV file in Windows, you can perform the following steps:
- Use a text editor (for example, Notepad) to create a .txt document and copy the sample data to the document. Then check the total number of rows and check whether the data of rows is correctly separated. (If the sample data is copied from a PDF document, the data in a single row will be wrapped if the data is too long. In this case, you must manually adjust the data to ensure that it is in a single row.)
- Choose File > Save as. In the displayed dialog box, set Save as type to All files (*.*), enter the file name with the .csv suffix for File name, and select the UTF-8 encoding format (without BOM) to save the file in CSV format.
- Upload the CSV file to OBS.
- Log in to the management console and choose to access the OBS console.
- Click Create Bucket and set parameters as prompted to create an OBS bucket named fast-demo.
To ensure network connectivity, select the same region for OBS bucket as that for the DataArts Studio instance. If an enterprise project is required, select the enterprise project that is the same as that of the DataArts Studio instance.
For details about how to create a bucket on the OBS console, see Creating a Bucket in Object Storage Service Console Operation Guide.
- Upload data to OBS bucket fast-demo.
For details about how to upload a file on the OBS console, see Uploading a File in Object Storage Service Console Operation Guide.
- movies.csv:
movieId,movieTitle,videoReleaseDate,IMDbURL,unknown,Action,Adventure,Animation,Children,Comedy,Crime,Documentary,Drama,Fantasy,FilmNoir,Horror,Musical,Mystery,Romance,SciFi,Thriller,War,Western 1,Toy Story (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Toy%20Story%20(1995),0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 2,GoldenEye (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?GoldenEye%20(1995),0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 3,Four Rooms (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Four%20Rooms%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 4,Get Shorty (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Get%20Shorty%20(1995),0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 5,Copycat (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Copycat%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 6,Shanghai Triad (Yao a yao yao dao waipo qiao) (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/Title?Yao+a+yao+yao+dao+waipo+qiao+(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 7,Twelve Monkeys (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Twelve%20Monkeys%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0 8,Babe (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Babe%20(1995),0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 9,Dead Man Walking (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Dead%20Man%20Walking%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,Richard III (1995),22-Jan-96,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Richard%20III%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0 11,Seven (Se7en) (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Se7en%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 12,"Usual Suspects, The (1995)",14-Aug-95,"http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Usual%20Suspects,%20The%20(1995)",0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 13,Mighty Aphrodite (1995),30-Oct-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Mighty%20Aphrodite%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 14,"Postino, Il (1994)",1-Jan-94,"http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Postino,%20Il%20(1994)",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0 15,Mr. Holland's Opus (1995),29-Jan-96,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Mr.%20Holland's%20Opus%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 16,French Twist (Gazon maudit) (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Gazon%20maudit%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0 17,From Dusk Till Dawn (1996),5-Feb-96,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?From%20Dusk%20Till%20Dawn%20(1996),0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 18,"White Balloon, The (1995)",1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Badkonake%20Sefid%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 19,Antonia's Line (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Antonia%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 20,Angels and Insects (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Angels%20and%20Insects%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0 21,Muppet Treasure Island (1996),16-Feb-96,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Muppet%20Treasure%20Island%20(1996),0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0 22,Braveheart (1995),16-Feb-96,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Braveheart%20(1995),0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0 23,Taxi Driver (1976),16-Feb-96,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Taxi%20Driver%20(1976),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 24,Rumble in the Bronx (1995),23-Feb-96,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Hong%20Faan%20Kui%20(1995),0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 25,"Birdcage, The (1996)",8-Mar-96,"http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Birdcage,%20The%20(1996)",0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 26,"Brothers McMullen, The (1995)",1-Jan-95,"http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Brothers%20McMullen,%20The%20(1995)",0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 27,Bad Boys (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Bad%20Boys%20(1995),0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 28,Apollo 13 (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Apollo%2013%20(1995),0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 29,Batman Forever (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Batman%20Forever%20(1995),0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 30,Belle de jour (1967),1-Jan-67,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Belle%20de%20jour%20(1967),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 31,Crimson Tide (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Crimson%20Tide%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0 32,Crumb (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Crumb%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 33,Desperado (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Desperado%20(1995),0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0 34,"Doom Generation, The (1995)",1-Jan-95,"http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Doom%20Generation,%20The%20(1995)",0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 35,Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Free%20Willy%202:%20The%20Adventure%20Home%20(1995),0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 36,Mad Love (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Mad%20Love%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0 37,Nadja (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Nadja%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 38,"Net, The (1995)",1-Jan-95,"http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Net,%20The%20(1995)",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0 39,Strange Days (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Strange%20Days%20(1995),0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0 40,"To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995)",1-Jan-95,"http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?To%20Wong%20Foo,%20Thanks%20for%20Everything!%20Julie%20Newmar%20(1995)",0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 41,Billy Madison (1995),1-Jan-95,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Billy%20Madison%20(1995),0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 42,Clerks (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Clerks%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 43,Disclosure (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Disclosure%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 44,Dolores Claiborne (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Dolores%20Claiborne%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 45,Eat Drink Man Woman (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Yinshi%20Nan%20Nu%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 46,Exotica (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Exotica%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 47,Ed Wood (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Ed%20Wood%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 48,Hoop Dreams (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Hoop%20Dreams%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 49,I.Q. (1994),1-Jan-94,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?I.Q.%20(1994),0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0 50,Star Wars (1977),1-Jan-77,http://us.imdb.com/M/title-exact?Star%20Wars%20(1977),0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0
The following table describes the data.
Table 1 Movie data description Field
Type
Description
movieId
INT
Movie ID
movieTitle
VARCHAR
Movie name
videoReleaseDate
VARCHAR
Release date
IMDbURL
VARCHAR
IMDb link
unknown
INT
Whether the movie type is unknown. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Action
INT
Whether the movie type is action. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Adventure
INT
Whether the movie type is adventure. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Animation
INT
Whether the movie type is animation. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Children
INT
Whether the movie type is children. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Comedy
INT
Whether the movie type is comedy. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Crime
INT
Whether the movie type is crime. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Documentary
INT
Whether the movie type is documentary. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Drama
INT
Whether the movie type is drama. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Fantasy
INT
Whether the movie type is fantasy. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
FilmNoir
INT
Whether the movie type is noir. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Horror
INT
Whether the movie type is horror. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Musical
INT
Whether the movie type is musical. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Mystery
INT
Whether the movie type is mystery. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Romance
INT
Whether the movie type is romance. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
SciFi
INT
Whether the movie type is science fiction. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Thriller
INT
Whether the movie type is thriller. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
War
INT
Whether the movie type is war. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
Western
INT
Whether the movie type is western. If yes, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.
- ratings.csv:
userId,movieId,rating,timestamp 210,40,3,891035994 224,29,3,888104457 308,1,4,887736532 7,32,4,891350932 10,16,4,877888877 99,4,5,886519097 115,20,3,881171009 138,26,5,879024232 243,15,3,879987440 293,5,3,888906576 162,25,4,877635573 135,23,4,879857765 62,21,3,879373460 59,23,5,888205300 43,14,2,883955745 19,4,4,885412840 5,2,3,875636053 72,48,4,880036718 224,26,3,888104153 299,14,4,877877775 151,10,5,879524921 6,14,5,883599249 250,7,4,878089716 268,2,2,875744173 292,11,5,881104093 181,3,2,878963441 145,15,2,875270655 1,33,4,878542699 276,2,4,874792436 18,26,4,880129731 87,40,3,879876917 272,12,5,879455254 296,20,5,884196921 5,17,4,875636198 128,15,4,879968827 287,1,5,875334088 65,47,2,879216672 1,20,4,887431883 290,50,5,880473582 45,25,4,881014015 109,8,3,880572642 157,25,3,886890787 301,33,4,882078228 62,12,4,879373613 276,40,3,874791871 269,22,1,891448072 10,7,4,877892210 244,17,2,880607205 222,26,3,878183043 185,23,4,883524249 207,13,3,875506839 8,22,5,879362183 222,49,3,878183512 200,11,5,884129542 90,25,5,891384789 15,25,3,879456204 234,10,3,891227851 295,39,4,879518279 217,2,3,889069782 189,20,5,893264466 42,44,3,881108548 268,21,3,875742822 262,28,3,879792220 90,22,4,891384357 270,25,5,876954456 194,23,4,879522819 161,48,1,891170745 58,9,4,884304328 79,50,4,891271545 221,48,5,875245462 223,11,3,891550649 292,9,4,881104148 16,8,5,877722736 17,13,3,885272654 148,1,4,877019411 280,1,4,891700426 110,38,3,886988574 90,12,5,891383241 239,9,5,889180446 311,9,4,884963365 151,13,3,879542688 2,50,5,888552084 8,50,5,879362124 286,44,3,877532173 85,25,2,879452769 274,50,5,878944679 217,27,1,889070011 181,14,1,878962392 297,25,4,874954497 1,47,4,875072125 6,23,4,883601365 222,22,5,878183285 314,28,5,877888346 291,15,5,874833668 94,24,4,885873423 83,43,4,880308690 43,40,3,883956468 44,15,4,878341343 158,24,4,880134261 151,12,5,879524368 66,1,3,883601324 5,1,4,875635748 207,25,4,876079113 109,1,4,880563619 227,50,4,879035347 181,1,3,878962392 213,13,4,878955139 121,14,5,891390014 117,15,5,880125887 85,13,3,879452866 313,22,3,891014870 43,5,4,875981421 11,38,3,891905936 72,28,4,880036824 115,8,5,881171982 95,1,5,879197329 145,22,5,875273021 66,7,3,883601355 267,17,4,878971773 25,25,5,885853415 103,24,4,880415847 87,9,4,879877931 49,47,5,888068715 135,39,3,879857931 269,13,4,891446662 99,50,5,885679998 306,14,5,876503995 291,7,5,874834481 312,28,4,891698300 184,36,3,889910195 305,11,1,886323237 198,7,4,884205317 104,7,3,888465972 293,39,3,888906804 256,25,5,882150552 92,15,3,875640189 1,17,3,875073198 214,42,5,892668130 82,14,4,876311280 305,50,5,886321799 223,8,2,891550684 91,28,4,891439243 315,13,4,879821158 269,9,4,891446246 217,7,4,889069741 49,7,4,888067307 87,2,4,879876074 268,1,3,875742341 262,47,2,879794599 84,12,5,883452874 264,33,3,886122644 224,20,1,888104487 200,24,2,884127370 92,24,3,875640448 276,38,3,874792574 286,34,5,877534701 49,38,1,888068289 311,5,3,884365853 269,47,4,891448386 194,4,4,879521397 57,28,4,883698324 108,50,4,879879739 207,4,4,876198457 181,16,1,878962996 94,9,5,885872684 234,20,4,891227979 68,7,3,876974096 13,14,4,884538727 98,47,4,880498898 53,24,3,879442538 239,10,5,889180338 63,20,3,875748004 276,43,1,874791383 272,48,4,879455143 116,7,2,876453915 26,25,3,891373727 62,24,4,879372633 295,47,5,879518166 63,50,4,875747292 49,17,2,888068651 310,24,4,879436242 7,44,5,891351728 326,22,4,879874989 213,12,5,878955409 222,29,3,878184571 249,11,5,879640868 217,22,5,889069741 189,1,5,893264174 234,50,4,892079237 296,48,5,884197091 81,3,4,876592546 151,15,4,879524879 59,12,5,888204260 246,8,3,884921245 276,34,2,877934264 97,50,5,884239471 244,7,4,880602558 298,8,5,884182748 7,28,5,891352341 41,28,4,890687353
The following table describes the data.
Table 2 Rating data description Field
Type
Description
userId
INT
User ID
movieId
INT
Movie ID
rating
INT
Rating. The total score is 5 points.
timestamp
VARCHAR
Timestamp
Preparing a Data Lake
This practice uses DWS as the data foundation.
- If the CDM cluster in the DataArts Studio instance and the DWS cluster are in different regions, a public network or a dedicated connection is required.
- If the CDM cluster in the DataArts Studio instance and the GaussDB(DWS) cluster are in the same region, VPC, subnet, and security group, they can communicate with each other by default. If they are in the same VPC but in different subnets or security groups, you must configure routing rules and security group rules. For details about how to configure routing rules, see Configuring Routing Rules. For details about how to configure security group rules, see Configuring Security Group Rules.
- The DWS cluster and the DataArts Studio workspace belong to the same enterprise project. If they do not, you can modify the enterprise project of the workspace.
After creating a DWS cluster, you need to create a DWS connection in Management Center, create a database and schema through the DataArts Factory module, and run an SQL statement to create a DWS table. The procedure is as follows:
- Log in to the DataArts Studio console by following the instructions in Accessing the DataArts Studio Instance Console.
- On the DataArts Studio console, locate a workspace and click Management Center.
- On the displayed Manage Data Connections page, click Create Data Connection.
Figure 1 Creating a data connection
- On the displayed page, configure the following parameters and click OK. Figure 2 lists the parameters.
- Data Connection Type: Select DWS.
- Name: Enter dws_link.
- Tag: This parameter is optional. You can enter the name of a new tag or select an existing tag from the drop-down list box.
- Applicable Modules: Retain the default settings.
- SSL Encryption: Retain the same setting as that for the source GaussDB(DWS) cluster.
- Connection Type: Select Proxy connection.
- Manual: Select Cluster Name Mode. IP and Port are automatically set.
- DWS Cluster Name: Select the GaussDB(DWS) cluster that you have created.
- KMS Key: Select a KMS key used to encrypt sensitive data. If no KMS key is available, click Access KMS to go to the KMS console and create one.
- Agent: Select a CDM cluster as the connection agent. The CDM cluster must be able to communicate with the DWS cluster. In this example, you can select the DataArts Migration cluster that is automatically created when the DataArts Studio instance is created.
- Username: Enter the database username that you specified when creating the DWS cluster. The default username is dbadmin.
- Password: Enter the password that you specified when creating the DWS cluster for accessing the database.
- Go to the DataArts Factory page.
Figure 3 DataArts Factory page
- Create a DWS database and a database schema.
- Right-click the DWS connection and select Create Database to create a database named demo for storing data tables.
Figure 4 Creating a database
- Expand the DWS connection directory to the database schema level, right-click schemas, and select Create Schema to create a schema named dgc for storing data tables.
Figure 5 Creating a database schema
- Right-click the DWS connection and select Create Database to create a database named demo for storing data tables.
- Create a DWS SQL script used to create data tables by entering DWS SQL statements in the editor.
Figure 6 Creating a script
- In the SQL editor, enter the following SQL statements and click Execute to create data tables. Among them, movies_item and ratings_item are original data tables, to which data will be migrated from OBS through CDM. top_rating_movie and top_active_movie are result tables which store analysis results.
SET SEARCH_PATH TO dgc; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS movies_item( movieId INT, movieTitle VARCHAR, videoReleaseDate VARCHAR, IMDbURL VARCHAR, unknown INT, Action INT, Adventure INT, Animation INT, Children INT, Comedy INT, Crime INT, Documentary INT, Drama INT, Fantasy INT, FilmNoir INT, Horror INT, Musical INT, Mystery INT, Romance INT, SciFi INT, Thriller INT, War INT, Western INT ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ratings_item( userId INT, movieId INT, rating INT, timestamp VARCHAR ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS top_rating_movie( movieTitle VARCHAR, avg_rating float, rating_user_number int ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS top_active_movie( movieTitle VARCHAR, avg_rating float, rating_user_number int );
Figure 7 Creating data tables
- After the script is executed successfully, run the following script to check whether the data tables are created successfully. After confirming that the data tables are created successfully, you can close the script as it is no longer needed.
SELECT * FROM pg_tables;
Preparing Authentication Data
- Access Key ID (AK): indicates the ID of the access key, which is a unique identifier associated with a secret access key and is used in conjunction with a secret access key to sign requests cryptographically.
- Secret Access Key (SK): indicates the key used with its associated AK to cryptographically sign requests and identify request senders to prevent requests from being modified.
- Log in to the management console, move the cursor to the username in the upper right corner, and select My Credentials from the drop-down list.
- On the My Credentials page, choose Access Keys, and click Create Access Key. See Figure 8.
- Click OK and save the access key file as prompted. The access key file will be saved to your browser's configured download location. Open the credentials.csv file to view Access Key Id and Secret Access Key.
- Only two access keys can be added for each user.
- To ensure access key security, the access key is automatically downloaded only when it is generated for the first time and cannot be obtained from the management console later. Keep them properly.
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