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更新时间：2024-10-21 GMT+08:00
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通过Python客户端接入Elasticsearch集群

本文介绍通过Python语言访问CSS集群的配置说明。

准备工作

  • CSS集群处于可用状态。
  • 确保运行Python代码的服务器与CSS集群的网络是互通的。

接入集群

  1. 安装Elasticsearch Python客户端，建议和Elasticsearch的版本保持一致，例如需要访问的集群版本是7.6.2，则安装7.6的Elasticsearch Python客户端。 
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    pip install Elasticsearch==7.6
  2. 创建Elasticsearch客户端并查看是否存在索引“test”。根据集群安全模式参考对应的示例代码。
    • 非安全模式的集群 
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      from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

class ElasticFactory(object):

    def __init__(self, host: list, port: str, username: str, password: str):
        self.port = port
        self.host = host
        self.username = username
        self.password = password

    def create(self) -> Elasticsearch:
        addrs = []
        for host in self.host:
            addr = {'host': host, 'port': self.port}
            addrs.append(addr)

        if self.username and self.password:
            elasticsearch = Elasticsearch(addrs, http_auth=(self.username, self.password))
        else:
            elasticsearch = Elasticsearch(addrs)
        return elasticsearch

es = ElasticFactory(["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"], "9200", None, None).create()
print(es.indices.exists(index='test'))
    • 安全模式+HTTP协议的集群 
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      from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

class ElasticFactory(object):

    def __init__(self, host: list, port: str, username: str, password: str):
        self.port = port
        self.host = host
        self.username = username
        self.password = password

    def create(self) -> Elasticsearch:
        addrs = []
        for host in self.host:
            addr = {'host': host, 'port': self.port}
            addrs.append(addr)

        if self.username and self.password:
            elasticsearch = Elasticsearch(addrs, http_auth=(self.username, self.password))
        else:
            elasticsearch = Elasticsearch(addrs)
        return elasticsearch

es = ElasticFactory(["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"], "9200", "username", "password").create()
print(es.indices.exists(index='test'))
    • 安全模式+HTTPS协议的集群 
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      from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
import ssl

class ElasticFactory(object):

    def __init__(self, host: list, port: str, username: str, password: str):
        self.port = port
        self.host = host
        self.username = username
        self.password = password

    def create(self) -> Elasticsearch:
        context = ssl._create_unverified_context()

        addrs = []
        for host in self.host:
            addr = {'host': host, 'port': self.port}
            addrs.append(addr)

        if self.username and self.password:
            elasticsearch = Elasticsearch(addrs, http_auth=(self.username, self.password), scheme="https", ssl_context=context)
        else:
            elasticsearch = Elasticsearch(addrs)
        return elasticsearch

es = ElasticFactory(["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"], "9200", "username", "password").create()
print(es.indices.exists(index='test'))
    表1 函数中的变量说明

    参数

    描述

    host

    ES集群的访问地址，当存在多个IP地址时，中间用“,”隔开。

    port

    ES集群的连接端口，填写“9200”。

    username

    访问集群的用户名。

    password

    用户名对应的密码。
  3. 通过Elasticsearch客户端创建集群索引。 
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    mappings = {
	"settings": {
		"index": {
			"number_of_shards": number_of_shards,
			"number_of_replicas": 1,
		},
	},
	"mappings": {
		properties
	}
}
result = es.indices.create(index=index, body=mappings)
  4. 通过Elasticsearch客户端查询上一步创建的索引。 
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    body = {
	"query": {
		"match": {
			"查询字段":  "查询内容"
		}
	}
}
result = es.search(index=index, body=body)

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