Separation of Permissions

By default, the system administrator with the SYSADMIN attribute has the highest permission in the system. To avoid risks caused by centralized permissions, you can enable the separation of permissions to delegate system administrator permissions to security administrators and audit administrators.

After the separation of permissions is enabled, a system administrator does not have the CREATEROLE attribute (security administrator) and AUDITADMIN attribute (audit administrator). That is, you do not have the permissions for creating roles and users and the permissions for viewing and maintaining database audit logs. For details about the CREATEROLE and AUDITADMIN attributes, see CREATE ROLE.
After the separation of permissions is enabled, system administrators have the permissions only for the objects owned by them.

For details about how to configure separation of permissions, see Configuring Separation of Permissions.

For details about permission changes before and after enabling the separation of permissions, see Table 1 and Table 2.

**Table 1** Default user permissions
Object	System Administrator	Security Administrator
Tablespace	Can create, modify, delete, access, and allocate tablespaces.	Cannot create, modify, delete, or allocate tablespaces, with authorization required for accessing tablespaces.
Table	Has permissions for all tables.	Has permissions for its own tables, but does not have permissions for other users' tables.
Index	Can create indexes on all tables.	Can create indexes on their own tables.
Schema	Has permissions for all schemas.	Has all permissions for its own schemas, but does not have permissions for other users' schemas.
Function	Has permissions for all functions.	Has permissions for its own functions, has the call permission for other users' functions in the public schema, but does not have permissions for other users' functions in other schemas.
Customized view	Has permissions for all views.	Has permissions for its own views, but does not have permissions for other users' views.
System catalog and system view	Has permissions for querying all system catalogs and views.	Has permissions for querying only some system catalogs and views. For details, see System Catalogs and System Views.

**Table 2** Changes in permissions after the separation of permissions
Object	System Administrator	Security Administrator	Audit Administrator	Common User
Tablespace	No change	No change
Table	Permissions reduced Has all permissions for its own tables, but does not have permissions for other users' tables in their schemas.	No change
Index	Permissions reduced Can create indexes on its own tables.	No change
Schema	Permissions reduced Has all permissions for its own schemas, but does not have permissions for other users' schemas.	No change
Function	Permissions reduced Has all permissions for its own functions, but does not have permissions for other users' functions in their schemas.	No change
Customized view	Permissions reduced Has all permissions for its own views and other users' views in the public schema, but does not have permissions for other users' views in their schemas.	No change
System catalog and system view	No change	No change	No change	Has no permission for viewing any system catalogs or views.