Updated on 2024-09-25 GMT+08:00

From DDS to MongoDB

Supported Source and Destination Databases

Table 1 Supported databases

Source DB

Destination DB

  • DDS DB instances (versions 3.2, 3.4, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.0)
    NOTE:

    DDS 5.0 supports replica sets only.

  • On-premises MongoDB (versions 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.0)
  • ECS-hosted MongoDB (versions 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.0)
  • Other cloud MongoDB (versions 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.0)
    NOTE:

    The destination database version must be the same as or later than the source database version.

    DDS 5.0 supports replica sets only.

Supported Migration Objects

Different types of migration tasks support different migration objects. For details, see Table 2. DRS will automatically check the objects you selected before the migration.

Table 2 Migration objects

Type

Precautions

Migration objects

  • You can select table-, database-, or instance-level (all-level) migration.
  • Replica set: Only collections (including validator and capped collections), indexes, and views can be migrated.
  • Cluster: Only collections (including validator and capped collections), shard keys, indexes, and views can be migrated.
  • Single node: Only collections (including validator and capped collections), indexes, and views can be migrated.
  • System databases (such as local, admin, and config) cannot be migrated. You need to manually create usernames and roles in the destination database.
  • The statement for creating a view cannot contain a regular expression.
  • Collections that contain the _id field without indexes are not supported.
  • The first parameter of BinData() cannot be 2.
  • Do not store non-UTF-8 character strings in the String field of the source database collection. Otherwise, data will be inconsistent before and after the migration.
  • Time series collections are not supported in both the full and incremental phases.

Database Account Permission Requirements

To start a migration task, the source and destination database users must have permissions listed in the following table. Different types of migration tasks require different permissions. For details, see Table 3. DRS automatically checks the database account permissions in the pre-check phase and provides handling suggestions.

Table 3 Database account permission

Type

Full Migration

Full+Incremental Migration

Source database user

  • Replica set: The source database user must have the readAnyDatabase permission for the admin database.
  • Single node: The source database user must have the readAnyDatabase permission for the admin database.
  • Cluster: The source database user must have the readAnyDatabase permission for the admin database and the read permission for the config database.
  • Replica set: The source database user must have the readAnyDatabase permission for the admin database and the read permission for the local database.
  • Single node: The source database user must have the readAnyDatabase permission for the admin database and the read permission for the local database.

Destination database user

The user who connects to the destination database must have the dbAdminAnyDatabase permission of the admin database and the readWrite permission of the destination database.

If the destination database is a cluster instance, the database user must have the clusterManager permission for the admin database.

  • You are advised to create an independent database account for DRS task connection to prevent task failures caused by database account password modification.
  • After changing the account passwords for the source and destination databases, modify the connection information of the DRS task by referring to Modifying Connection Information to prevent automatic retry after a task failure. Automatic retry will lock the database accounts.
  • For example, the source database user must have the readAnyDatabase permission for the admin database and the read permission for the config database.
    db.grantRolesToUser("Username",[{role:"readAnyDatabase",db:"admin"}, {role:"read",db:"config"}])

Precautions

To ensure tasks can run normally, DRS provides automatic pre-check. Before starting a DRS task, DRS checks the configurations and conditions of the source and destination databases. For details about the main check items and handling suggestions, see DRS Pre-Check Items. In addition to the pre-check items, you need to pay attention to the items listed in Table 4.

Table 4 Precautions

Type

Restrictions

Restrictions on the source database

  • The source database name cannot contain /\.$ or spaces. The collection name and view name cannot start with system. or contain the dollar sign ($).
  • When multiple source databases are migrated to the same destination database, the name of the database to be migrated must be unique.

Use restrictions

General

  • During the migration, do not modify or delete the usernames, passwords, and permissions of the source and destination databases or change the ports of the source and destination databases.
  • During migration, do not modify the destination database (including but not limited to DDL and DML operations) that is being migrated.
  • During migration, data rollback caused by a primary/standby switchover of the source database is not supported.
  • During the migration, documents larger than 16 MB in the source database cannot be inserted or updated.
  • During the migration, do not run sh.moveChunk() on the source database. Otherwise, the migrated data will be inconsistent.

Full migration

  • During task startup and full migration, do not perform DDL operations on the source database. Otherwise, the task may be abnormal.

Incremental migration

  • During an incremental migration of collections, you are advised not to rename the collections.
  • To ensure the migration performance, concurrent replay is performed at the set level in the incremental task phase. In the following scenarios, only single-thread write is supported and concurrent replay is not supported:
    • The collection index contains a unique key.
    • The value of capped of the collection attribute is true.

    In either of the preceding scenarios, the task delay may increase.

Data comparison

  • You are advised to compare data during off-peak hours of the source database to prevent inconsistent data from being falsely reported and reduce the impact on the source database and DRS tasks.
  • During incremental synchronization, if data is written to the source database, the comparison results may be inconsistent.
  • During row comparison, if an orphan document exists in a cluster instance or chunks are being migrated, the number of returned rows is incorrect and the comparison results are inconsistent. For details, see MongoDB official documents.

Other restrictions

  • If a Time-to-Live (TTL) index already exists in the collection of the source database or is created during an incremental migration, data consistency cannot be ensured when source and destination databases are in different time zones or clocks.
  • The value of block_compressor is determined by stats().wiredTiger.creationString.block_compressor of the collection in the source database. If the destination database contains corresponding empty collections, the compression parameters will not be migrated. If the compression parameters in the source database are not supported by the destination database, configure the compression parameters based on net.compression.compressors of the destination database. If the destination database version is DDS 4.2, DRS does not migrate compression parameters because the destination database does not support compression parameter settings.
  • If the destination database is on a replica set instance out of the cloud, enter information about all primary and secondary nodes to reduce the impact of a primary/secondary switchover on the migration task. If you enter information about primary and secondary nodes, ensure that all nodes belong to the same replica set instance.
  • If the destination database is on a cluster instance out of the cloud, you are advised to enter information about multiple mongos nodes to reduce the impact of the single-node failure on the migration task. In addition, multiple mongos nodes support load balancing. In addition, ensure that all mongos nodes belong to the same cluster instance.
  • To accelerate the migration, delete unnecessary indexes from the source database and retain only necessary indexes before the migration. You are advised not to create indexes for the source database during the migration. If indexes must be created, create them in the background.
  • To prevent loopback, do not start tasks that migrate the same database to and out of the cloud at the same time.

Prerequisites

Procedure

This section describes how to migrate data from a DDS instance to an on-premises MongoDB database over a public network.

  1. On the Online Migration Management page, click Create Migration Task.
  2. On the Create Replication Instance page, select a region and project, specify the task name, description, and the replication instance details, and click Create Now.

    • Task information description
      Figure 1 Migration task information
      Table 5 Task information

      Parameter

      Description

      Region

      The region where the replication instance is deployed. You can change the region. To reduce latency and improve access speed, select the region closest to your services.

      Project

      The project corresponds to the current region and can be changed.

      Task Name

      The task name must start with a letter and consist of 4 to 50 characters. It can contain only letters, digits, hyphens (-), and underscores (_).

      Description

      The description consists of a maximum of 256 characters and cannot contain special characters !=<>'&"\

    • Replication instance information
      Figure 2 Replication instance information
      Table 6 Replication instance settings

      Parameter

      Description

      Data Flow

      Select Out of the cloud.

      The source database is an RDS database on the current cloud or a DDS DB instance. It is required that either the source database or the destination database is on the current cloud.

      Source DB Engine

      Select DDS.

      Destination DB Engine

      Select MongoDB.

      Network Type

      Available options: Public network, VPC, VPN or Direct Connect

      • VPC is suitable for migrations between cloud databases of the same account in the same region.
      • VPN or Direct Connect is suitable for migrations from on-premises databases to cloud databases or between cloud databases across regions.
      • Public network is suitable for migrations from on-premises databases or external cloud databases to destination databases.

      Source DB Instance

      Select the DDS DB instance to be migrated.

      Replication Instance Subnet

      The subnet where the replication instance resides. You can also click View Subnets to go to the network console to view the subnet where the instance resides.

      By default, the DRS instance and the destination DB instance are in the same subnet. You need to select the subnet where the DRS instance resides, and there are available IP addresses for the subnet. To ensure that the replication instance is successfully created, only subnets with DHCP enabled are displayed.

      Migration Type

      • Full: This migration type is suitable for scenarios where service interruption is permitted. It migrates all objects and data in non-system databases to the destination database at one time. The objects include collections and indexes.
        NOTE:

        If you are performing a full migration, do not perform operations on the source database. Otherwise, data generated in the source database during the migration will not be synchronized to the destination database.

      • Full+Incremental: This migration type allows you to migrate data without interrupting services. After a full migration initializes the destination database, an incremental migration initiates and parses logs to ensure data consistency between the source and destination databases.
      NOTE:

      If you select Full+Incremental, data generated during the full migration will be continuously synchronized to the destination database, and the source remains accessible.

      Specify EIP

      This parameter is available when you select Public network for Network Type. Select an EIP to be bound to the DRS instance. DRS will automatically bind the specified EIP to the DRS instance and unbind the EIP after the task is complete. The number of specified EIPs must be the consistent with that of DB instances.

      For details about the data transfer fee generated using a public network, see EIP Price Calculator.

    • AZ
      Figure 3 AZ
      Table 7 Task AZ

      Parameter

      Description

      AZ

      Select the AZ where you want to create the DRS task. Selecting the one housing the source or destination database can provide better performance.

    • Enterprise Project and Tags
      Figure 4 Enterprise projects and tags
      Table 8 Enterprise Project and Tags

      Parameter

      Description

      Enterprise Project

      An enterprise project you would like to use to centrally manage your cloud resources and members. Select an enterprise project from the drop-down list. The default project is default.

      For more information about enterprise projects, see Enterprise Management User Guide.

      To customize an enterprise project, click Enterprise in the upper right corner of the console. The Enterprise Project Management Service page is displayed. For details, see Creating an Enterprise Project in Enterprise Management User Guide.

      Tags

      • Tags a task. This configuration is optional. Adding tags helps you better identify and manage your tasks. Each task can have up to 20 tags.
      • If your organization has configured tag policies for DRS, add tags to tasks based on the policies. If a tag does not comply with the policies, task creation may fail. Contact your organization administrator to learn more about tag policies.
      • After a task is created, you can view its tag details on the Tags tab. For details, see Tag Management.

    If a task fails to be created, DRS retains the task for three days by default. After three days, the task automatically stops.

  3. On the Configure Source and Destination Databases page, wait until the replication instance is created. Then, specify source and destination database information and click Test Connection for both the source and destination databases to check whether they have been connected to the replication instance. After the connection tests are successful, select the check box before the agreement and click Next.

    Figure 5 Source database information
    Table 9 Source database information

    Parameter

    Description

    DB Instance Name

    The DB instance you selected when creating the migration task. This parameter cannot be changed.

    Authentication Database

    The name of the authentication database. For example: The default authentication database of Huawei Cloud DDS instance is admin.

    Database Username

    Enter the username of the source database.

    Database Password

    Enter the password of the source database user.

    SSL Connection

    SSL encrypts the connections between the source and destination databases. If SSL is enabled, upload the SSL CA root certificate.

    NOTE:
    • The maximum size of a single certificate file that can be uploaded is 500 KB.
    • If SSL is disabled, your data may be at risk.

    The username and password of the source database are encrypted and stored in the database and the replication instance during the migration. After the task is deleted, the username and password are permanently deleted.

    Figure 6 Destination database information
    Table 10 Destination database settings

    Parameter

    Description

    IP Address or Domain Name

    IP address or domain name of the destination database in the IP address/Domain name:Port format. The port of the destination database. Range: 1 - 65535

    You can enter a maximum of three groups of IP addresses or domain names of the destination database. Separate multiple values with commas (,). For example: 192.168.0.1:8080,192.168.0.2:8080. Ensure that the entered IP addresses or domain names belong to the same instance.

    NOTE:

    If multiple IP addresses or domain names are entered, the test connection is successful as long as one IP address or domain name is accessible. Therefore, you must ensure that the IP address or domain name is correct.

    Authentication Database

    The name of the authentication database. For example: The default authentication database of Huawei Cloud DDS instance is admin.

    Database Username

    The username for accessing the destination database.

    Database Password

    The password for the database username.

    SSL Connection

    SSL encrypts the connections between the source and destination databases. If SSL is enabled, upload the SSL CA root certificate.

    NOTE:
    • The maximum size of a single certificate file that can be uploaded is 500 KB.
    • If SSL is disabled, your data may be at risk.

    The IP address, domain name, username, and password of the destination database are encrypted and stored in DRS and will be cleared after the task is deleted.

  4. On the Set Task page, select migration objects and click Next.

    Figure 7 Migration object
    Table 11 Migrate Object

    Parameter

    Description

    Flow Control

    You can choose whether to control the flow. Flow Control takes effect in the full phase only.

    • Yes

      You can customize the maximum migration speed. During the migration, the migration speed of each task (or each subtask in multi-task mode) does not exceed the value of this parameter.

      In addition, you can set the time range based on your service requirements. The traffic rate setting usually includes setting of a rate limiting time period and a traffic rate value. Flow can be controlled all day or during specific time ranges. The default value is Always. A maximum of three time ranges can be set, and they cannot overlap.

      The flow rate must be set based on the service scenario and cannot exceed 9,999 MB/s.

      Figure 8 Flow control
    • No
      The migration speed is not limited and the outbound bandwidth of the source database is maximally used, which will increase the read burden on the source database. For example, if the outbound bandwidth of the source database is 100 MB/s and 80% bandwidth is used, the I/O consumption on the source database is 80 MB/s.
      NOTE:
      • Flow control mode takes effect only during a full migration.
      • You can also change the flow control mode after creating a task. For details, see Modifying the Flow Control Mode.

    Other Options

    Determine whether to migrate the indexes you create during full migration. The default index based on _id is automatically created in the destination. If indexes are not migrated, the indexes are not compared.

    Migrate Object

    The left pane displays the source database objects, and the right pane displays the selected objects. You can choose to migrate all objects, tables, or databases based on your service requirements.

    • All: All objects in the source database are migrated to the destination database. After the migration, the object names will remain the same as those in the source database and cannot be modified.
    • Tables: The selected table-level objects will be migrated.
    • Databases: The selected database-level objects will be migrated.

    If the source database is changed, click in the upper right corner before selecting migration objects to ensure that the objects to be selected are from the changed source database.

    NOTE:
    • If you choose not to migrate all of the databases, the migration may fail because the objects, such as stored procedures and views, in the databases to be migrated may have dependencies on other objects that are not migrated. To prevent migration failure, migrate all of the databases.
    • If an object name contains spaces, the spaces before and after the object name are not displayed. If there are two or more consecutive spaces in the middle of the object name, only one space is displayed.
    • The name of the selected migration object cannot contain spaces.
    • To quickly select the desired database objects, you can use the search function.

  5. On the Check Task page, check the migration task.

    • If any check fails, review the cause and rectify the fault. After the fault is rectified, click Check Again.

      For details about how to handle check failures, see Solutions to Failed Check Items in Data Replication Service User Guide.

    • If the check is complete and the check success rate is 100%, click Next.

      You can proceed to the next step only when all checks are successful. If there are any items that require confirmation, view and confirm the details first before proceeding to the next step.

  6. On the displayed page, specify Start Time, Send Notifications, SMN Topic, Delay Threshold (s), and Stop Abnormal Tasks After and confirm that the configured information is correct and click Submit to submit the task.

    Figure 9 Task startup settings

    Table 12 Task startup settings

    Parameter

    Description

    Start Time

    Set Start Time to Start upon task creation or Start at a specified time based on site requirements. The Start at a specified time option is recommended.

    NOTE:

    The migration task may affect the performance of the source and destination databases. You are advised to start the task in off-peak hours and reserve two to three days for data verification.

    Send Notifications

    This parameter is optional. After enabled, select a SMN topic. If the task billing is about to start, the status, latency metric, or data of the migration task is abnormal, DRS will send you a notification.

    SMN Topic

    This parameter is available only after you enable Send Notifications and create a topic on the SMN console and add a subscriber.

    For details, see Simple Message Notification User Guide.

    Delay Threshold (s)

    During an incremental migration, a synchronization delay indicates a time difference (in seconds) of synchronization between the source and destination database.

    If the synchronization delay exceeds the threshold you specify, DRS will send alarms to the specified recipients. The value ranges from 0 to 3,600. To avoid repeated alarms caused by the fluctuation of delay, an alarm is sent only after the delay has exceeded the threshold for six minutes.

    NOTE:
    • In the early stages of an incremental migration, there is more delay because more data is waiting to be synchronized. In this situation, no notifications will be sent.
    • Before setting the delay threshold, enable Send Notifications.
    • If the delay threshold is set to 0, no notifications will be sent to the recipient.

    Data Exception Notification

    This parameter is optional. After enabled, DRS will send a notification if the task data is abnormal.

    Stop Abnormal Tasks After

    Number of days after which an abnormal task is automatically stopped. The value must range from 14 to 100. The default value is 14.

    NOTE:

    Tasks in the abnormal state are still charged. If tasks remain in the abnormal state for a long time, they cannot be resumed. Abnormal tasks run longer than the period you set (unit: day) will automatically stop to avoid unnecessary fees.

  7. After the task is submitted, view and manage it on the Online Migration Management page.

    • You can view the task status. For more information about task status, see Task Statuses.
    • You can click in the upper right corner to view the latest task status.
    • After the full migration is complete, you can use data comparison to check whether the data is consistent before and after the migration.
    • By default, DRS retains a task in the Configuration state for three days. After three days, DRS automatically deletes background resources, but the task status remains unchanged. When you reconfigure the task, DRS applies for resources again.
    • For a public network task, DRS needs to delete background resources after you stop the task. The EIP bound to the task cannot be restored to the Unbound state until background resources are deleted.