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Help Center/ Elastic Cloud Server/ User Guide/ Security/ Security Groups/ Configuring Security Group Rules

Configuring Security Group Rules

Updated on 2025-01-21 GMT+08:00

Scenarios

Similar to firewall, a security group is a logical group used to control network access. You can define access rules for a security group to protect the ECSs that are added to this security group.

  • Inbound: Inbound rules allow external network traffic to be sent to the ECSs in the security group.
  • Outbound: Outbound rules allow network traffic from the ECSs in the security group to be sent out of the security group.

For details about the default security group rules, see Default Security Groups and Security Group Rules. For details about configuration examples for security group rules, see Security Group Configuration Examples.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the ECS console.
  2. On the Elastic Cloud Server page, click the name of the target ECS.

    The page providing details about the ECS is displayed.

  3. Click the Security Groups tab, expand the information of the security group, and view security group rules.
  4. Click the security group ID.

    The system automatically switches to the security group details page.

  5. Configure required parameters.

    You can click to add more inbound rules.

    Figure 1 Add Inbound Rule
    Table 1 Inbound rule parameter description

    Parameter

    Description

    Example Value

    Priority

    The security group rule priority.

    The priority value ranges from 1 to 100. The default value is 1 and has the highest priority. The security group rule with a smaller value has a higher priority.

    1

    Action

    The value can be Allow or Deny.
    • If the Action is set to Allow, access from the source is allowed to ECSs in the security group over specified ports.
    • If the Action is set to Deny, access from the source is denied to ECSs in the security group over specified ports.

    Security group rules are matched by priority and then by action. Deny rules take precedence over allow rules. For more information, see How Traffic Matches Security Group Rules.

    Allow

    Type

    Source IP address version. You can select:
    • IPv4
    • IPv6

    IPv4

    Protocol & Port

    The network protocol used to match traffic in a security group rule. The protocol can be All, TCP, UDP, GRE, or ICMP.

    TCP

    Destination port used to match traffic in a security group rule. The value can be from 1 to 65535.

    Inbound rules control incoming traffic over specific ports to instances in the security group.

    Specify one of the following:
    • Individual port: Enter a port, such as 22.
    • Consecutive ports: Enter a port range, such as 22-30.
    • Non-consecutive ports: Enter ports and port ranges, such as 22,23-30. You can enter a maximum of 20 ports and port ranges. Each port range must be unique.
    • All ports: Leave it empty or enter 1-65535.

    22, or 22-30

    Source

    Used to match the IP address or address range of an external request. The source can be:
    • IP address: You can enter multiple IP addresses, separated by commas (,). Each IP address defines a different security group rule.
      • Single IP address: IP address/mask

        Example IPv4 address: 192.168.10.10/32

        Example IPv6 address: 2002:50::44/128

      • IP address range in CIDR notation: IP address/mask

        Example IPv4 address range: 192.168.52.0/24

        Example IPv6 address range: 2407:c080:802:469::/64

      • All IP addresses

        0.0.0.0/0 represents all IPv4 addresses.

        ::/0 represents all IPv6 addresses.

    • Security group: The source is from another security group. You can select a security group in the same region from the drop-down list. If there is instance A in security group A and instance B in security group B, and the inbound rule of security group A allows traffic from security group B, traffic is allowed from instance B to instance A.
    • IP address group: An IP address group is a collection of one or more IP addresses. You can select an available IP address group from the drop-down list. An IP address group can help you manage IP address ranges and IP addresses with same security requirements in an easier way.

      If no IP address groups are available, create one by referring to Creating an IP Address Group.

    IP address:

    192.168.52.0/24,10.0.0.0/24

    Description

    Supplementary information about the security group rule. This parameter is optional.

    The security group rule description can contain a maximum of 255 characters and cannot contain angle brackets (< or >).

    N/A

  6. Configure required parameters.

    You can click to add more outbound rules.

    Figure 2 Add Outbound Rule
    Table 2 Outbound rule parameter description

    Parameter

    Description

    Example Value

    Priority

    The security group rule priority.

    The priority value ranges from 1 to 100. The default value is 1 and has the highest priority. The security group rule with a smaller value has a higher priority.

    1

    Action

    The value can be Allow or Deny.
    • If the Action is set to Allow, access from ECSs in the security group is allowed to the destination over specified ports.
    • If the Action is set to Deny, access from ECSs in the security group is denied to the destination over specified ports.

    Security group rules are matched by priority and then by action. Deny rules take precedence over allow rules. For more information, see How Traffic Matches Security Group Rules.

    Allow

    Type

    Destination IP address version. You can select:
    • IPv4
    • IPv6

    IPv4

    Protocol & Port

    The network protocol used to match traffic in a security group rule. The protocol can be All, TCP, UDP, GRE, or ICMP.

    TCP

    Destination port used to match traffic in a security group rule. The value can be from 1 to 65535.

    Outbound rules control outgoing traffic over specific ports from instances in the security group.

    Specify one of the following:
    • Individual port: Enter a port, such as 22.
    • Consecutive ports: Enter a port range, such as 22-30.
    • Non-consecutive ports: Enter ports and port ranges, such as 22,23-30. You can enter a maximum of 20 ports and port ranges. Each port range must be unique.
    • All ports: Leave it empty or enter 1-65535.

    22, or 22-30

    Destination

    Used to match the destination address of an internal request. The destination can be:
    • IP address: You can enter multiple IP addresses, separated by commas (,). Each IP address defines a different security group rule.
      • Single IP address: IP address/mask

        Example IPv4 address: 192.168.10.10/32

        Example IPv6 address: 2002:50::44/128

      • IP address range in CIDR notation: IP address/mask

        Example IPv4 address range: 192.168.52.0/24

        Example IPv6 address range: 2407:c080:802:469::/64

      • All IP addresses

        0.0.0.0/0 represents all IPv4 addresses.

        ::/0 represents all IPv6 addresses.

    • Security group: The destination is from another security group. You can select a security group in the same region under the current account from the drop-down list. If there is instance A in security group A and instance B in security group B, and the outbound rule of security group A allows traffic to security group B, traffic is allowed from instance A to instance B.
    • IP address group: An IP address group is a collection of one or more IP addresses. You can select an available IP address group from the drop-down list. An IP address group can help you manage IP address ranges and IP addresses with same security requirements in an easier way.

      If no IP address groups are available, create one by referring to Creating an IP Address Group.

    IP address:

    192.168.52.0/24,10.0.0.0/24

    Description

    Supplementary information about the security group rule. This parameter is optional.

    The security group rule description can contain a maximum of 255 characters and cannot contain angle brackets (< or >).

    N/A

  7. Click OK to complete the security rule configuration.

Verifying Security Group Rules

After allowing traffic over a port in a security group rule, you need to ensure that the port used by the instance is also opened.

For example, if you have deployed a website on an ECS and want users to access your website through HTTP (80), you need to add an inbound rule to the ECS security group to allow access over the port. Table 3 shows the rule.
Table 3 Security group rule

Direction

Priority

Action

Type

Protocol & Port

Source

Inbound

1

Allow

IPv4

TCP: 80

IP address: 0.0.0.0/0

After adding the security group rule, perform the following operations to check whether the ECS port is opened and whether the rule is applied:
  1. Log in to the ECS and check whether the ECS port is opened.
    • Checking the port of a Linux server

      Run the following command to check whether TCP port 80 is being listened on:

      netstat -an | grep 80

      If the following figure is displayed, TCP port 80 is enabled.

      Figure 3 Command output for the Linux ECS
    • Checking the port of a Windows server
      1. Choose Start > Run. Type cmd to open the Command Prompt.
      2. Run the following command to check whether TCP port 80 is being listened on:

        netstat -an | findstr 80

        If the following figure is displayed, TCP port 80 is enabled.

        Figure 4 Command output for the Windows ECS
  2. Enter http://ECS EIP in the address box of the browser and press Enter.

    If the requested page can be accessed, the security group rule has taken effect.

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