From MySQL to MySQL

Supported Source and Destination Databases

Database Account Permission Requirements

To start a migration task, the source and destination database users must have permissions listed in the following table. Different types of migration tasks require different permissions. For details, see Table 2. DRS automatically checks the database account permissions in the pre-check phase and provides handling suggestions.

• You are advised to create an independent database account for DRS task connection to prevent task failures caused by database account password modification.
• After changing the account passwords for the source and destination databases, modify the connection information of the DRS task by referring to Modifying Connection Information to prevent automatic retry after a task failure. Automatic retry will lock the database accounts.
• Table 2 lists the minimum permissions required by a DRS task. If you need to migrate the grant permission through a DRS task, ensure that the connection account of the DRS task has the corresponding permission. Otherwise, the destination database user may not be authorized due to grant execution failure. For example, if the connection account of the DRS task does not require the process permission, but you need to migrate the process permission through a DRS task, ensure that the connection account of the DRS task has the process permission.

Supported Migration Objects

Different types of migration tasks support different migration objects. For details, see Table 3. DRS will automatically check the objects you selected before the migration.

Precautions

To ensure tasks can run normally, DRS provides automatic pre-check. Before starting a DRS task, DRS checks the configurations and conditions of the source and destination databases. For details about the main check items and handling suggestions, see DRS Pre-Check Items. In addition to the pre-check items, you need to pay attention to the items listed in Table 4.

Prerequisites

• You have logged in to the DRS console.
• Your account balance is greater than or equal to $0 USD.
• For details about the DB types and versions supported by real-time migration, see Supported Databases.
• If a subaccount is used to create a DRS task, ensure that an agency has been added. For details about how to create an agency, see Agency Management.

• You have read DRS Pre-Check Items and Precautions.

Procedure

This section uses the migration from MySQL to RDS for MySQL in a VPC as an example to describe how to configure a migration task on the DRS console.

1. On the Online Migration Management page, click Create Migration Task.
2. On the Create Replication Instance page, select a region and project, specify the task name, description, and the replication instance details, and click Create Now.
   • Task information description
     Figure 1 Migration task information
     

     Table 5 Task information

     Parameter	Description
     Region	The region where the replication instance is deployed. You can change the region. To reduce latency and improve access speed, select the region closest to your services.
     Project	The project corresponds to the current region and can be changed.
     Task Name	The task name must start with a letter and consist of 4 to 50 characters. It can contain only letters, digits, hyphens (-), and underscores (_).
     Description	The description consists of a maximum of 256 characters and cannot contain special characters !=<>'&"\

   • Replication instance information
     Figure 2 Replication instance information
     

     Table 6 Replication instance settings

     Parameter	Description
     Data Flow	Select To the cloud. The destination DB is on the current cloud.
     Source DB Engine	Select MySQL.
     Destination DB Engine	Select MySQL.
     Network Type	Select VPC Network. Available options: VPC, VPN or Direct Connect, and Public network. By default, the value is Public network. VPC is suitable for migrations between cloud databases of the same account in the same region and VPC. Public network is suitable for migrations from on-premises databases or external cloud databases to destination databases. VPN or Direct Connect is suitable for migrations from on-premises databases to cloud databases or between databases across regions on the cloud using a VPN, Direct Connect, Cloud Connect, VPCEP, or a VPC peering connection. For details about networks, see Preparations.
     Destination DB Instance	The RDS DB instance you created.
     Replication Instance Subnet	The subnet where the replication instance resides. You can also click View Subnets to go to the network console to view the subnet where the instance resides. By default, the DRS instance and the destination DB instance are in the same subnet. You need to select the subnet where the DRS instance resides, and there are available IP addresses for the subnet. To ensure that the replication instance is successfully created, only subnets with DHCP enabled are displayed.
     Destination DB Instance Access	Read-only During migration, the destination database is read-only. After the migration is complete, it restores to the read/write status. This option ensures the integrity and success rate of data migration. If a migration task fails, the destination database restores to the read/write state. After the migration task is resumed, the destination database becomes read-only. The access settings of the destination instance are also affected by the access settings of the DB instance itself. Therefore, you are advised not to set the access settings of the DB instance on the RDS console. If the destination database is set to read-only for a migration task, you can disable read-only on the task details page. After read-only is disabled, the destination database cannot be set back to read-only. Even if the migration task fails and then resumed and started, the destination database cannot be set to read-only. Read/Write During the migration, the destination database can be queried or modified. Data being migrated may be modified when operations are performed or applications are connected. It should be noted that background processes can often generate or modify data, which may result in data conflicts, task faults, and upload failures. Do not select this option if you do not fully understand the risks. Set the destination database to Read/Write only when you need to modify other data in the database during the migration. The task cannot be modified after being created.
     Migration Type	Full: This migration type is suitable for scenarios where service interruption is acceptable. All objects and data in non-system databases are migrated to the destination database at one time. The objects include tables, views, and stored procedures. NOTE: If you are performing a full migration, do not perform operations on the source database. Otherwise, data generated in the source database during the migration will not be synchronized to the destination database. Full+Incremental: This migration type allows you to migrate data without interrupting services. After a full migration initializes the destination database, an incremental migration initiates and parses logs to ensure data consistency between the source and destination databases. NOTE: If you select Full+Incremental, data generated during the full migration will be continuously synchronized to the destination database, and the source remains accessible.
     Enable Binlog Cleanup	Indicates whether to enable the function of quickly clearing binlogs of the destination database. After this function is enabled, binlog clearing is enabled for the destination database during the full migration and disabled during the incremental migration.
     Specify EIP	This parameter is available when you select Public network for Network Type. Select an EIP to be bound to the DRS instance. DRS will automatically bind the specified EIP to the DRS instance and unbind the EIP after the task is complete. For details about the data transfer fee generated using a public network, see EIP Price Calculator.

   • AZ
     Figure 3 AZ
     

     Table 7 Task AZ

     Parameter	Description
     AZ	Select the AZ where you want to create the DRS task. Selecting the one housing the source or destination database can provide better performance.

   • Enterprise Project and Tags
     Figure 4 Enterprise projects and tags
     

     Table 8 Enterprise Project and Tags

     Parameter	Description
     Enterprise Project	An enterprise project you would like to use to centrally manage your cloud resources and members. Select an enterprise project from the drop-down list. The default project is default. For more information about enterprise projects, see Enterprise Management User Guide. To customize an enterprise project, click Enterprise in the upper right corner of the console. The Enterprise Project Management Service page is displayed. For details, see Creating an Enterprise Project in Enterprise Management User Guide.
     Tags	Tags a task. This configuration is optional. Adding tags helps you better identify and manage your tasks. Each task can have up to 20 tags. If your organization has configured tag policies for DRS, add tags to tasks based on the policies. If a tag does not comply with the policies, task creation may fail. Contact your organization administrator to learn more about tag policies. After a task is created, you can view its tag details on the Tags tab. For details, see Tag Management.

   

   If a task fails to be created, DRS retains the task for three days by default. After three days, the task automatically stops.

3. On the Configure Source and Destination Databases page, wait until the replication instance is created. Then, configure your own DNS server, specify source and destination database information and click Test Connection for both the source and destination databases to check whether they have been connected to the replication instance. After the connection tests are successful, select the check box before the agreement and click Next.
   • Configuring your own DNS server
     Figure 5 DNS Server
     

     Table 9 DNS server information

     Parameter	Description
     DNS Server	Enable this option if you need to use your own private domain name as the source or destination database IP address.
     DNS Server IP Address	Add the IP address of your own DNS server to DNS Server IP Address. Then, you can also enter this IP address in IP Address or Domain Name in the Source Database or Destination Database area for data migration.

     

     Only whitelisted users can use this function. You need to submit a service ticket to apply for this function. In the upper right corner of the management console, choose Service Tickets > Create Service Ticket to submit a service ticket.

   • Scenario 1: Self-built database - source database configuration
     Figure 6 Self-build database - source database information
     

     Table 10 Self-build database - source database information

     Parameter	Description
     Database Type	Select Self-built database.
     VPC	A dedicated virtual network in which the source database is located. It isolates networks for different services. You can select an existing VPC or create a VPC.
     Subnet	A subnet provides dedicated network resources that are isolated from other networks, improving network security. The subnet must be in the AZ where the source database resides. You need to enable DHCP for creating the source database subnet.
     IP Address or Domain Name	The IP address or domain name of the source database.
     Port	The port of the source database. Range: 1 – 65535
     Database Username	The username for accessing the source database.
     Database Password	The password for the database username.
     SSL Connection	If SSL connection is required, enable SSL on the source database, ensure that related parameters have been correctly configured, and upload an SSL certificate. NOTE: The maximum size of a single certificate file that can be uploaded is 500 KB. If SSL is disabled, your data may be at risk.

     

     The IP address, domain name, username, and password of the source database are encrypted and stored in DRS, and will be cleared after the task is deleted.

   • Scenario 2: RDS DB instance - source database configuration
     Figure 7 RDS DB instance - source database information
     

     Table 11 RDS DB instance - source database information

     Parameter	Description
     Database Type	Select RDS DB instance.
     DB Instance Name	Select the RDS DB instance to be migrated as the source DB instance.
     Database Username	The username for accessing the source database.
     Database Password	The password for the database username.
     SSL Connection	If SSL connection is required, enable SSL on the source database, ensure that related parameters have been correctly configured, and upload an SSL certificate. NOTE: The maximum size of a single certificate file that can be uploaded is 500 KB. If SSL is disabled, your data may be at risk.

   • Destination database configuration
     Figure 8 Destination database information
     

     Table 12 Destination database settings

     Parameter	Description
     DB Instance Name	The RDS DB instance selected during migration task creation. This parameter cannot be changed.
     Database Username	The username for accessing the destination database.
     Database Password	The password for the database username.
     Migrate Definer to User	Indicates whether to migrate the Definers of all source database objects to the destination database user entered during the connection test. Yes The Definers of all source database objects will be migrated to the user. Other users do not have permissions for database objects unless these users are authorized. For details about authorization, see How Do I Maintain the Original Service User Permission System After Definer Is Forcibly Converted During MySQL Migration? For example, if the view is CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`username`@`%` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `test_db`.`view5` AS select 1 AS `1` before migration, it is converted to CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`drsUser`@`%` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `test_db`.`view5` AS select 1 AS `1` after the migration. drsUser indicates the destination database user used for testing the connection. No The Definers of all source database objects will not be changed. You need to migrate all accounts and permissions of the source database in the next step. Note that if the Definer account is not found in the destination database, unavailable objects will be created. For details about Definer, see the MySQL official document.
     SSL Connection	If SSL connection is required, enable SSL on the destination database, ensure that related parameters have been correctly configured, and upload an SSL certificate. NOTE: The maximum size of a single certificate file that can be uploaded is 500 KB. If SSL is disabled, your data may be at risk.

     

     The database username and password are encrypted and stored in the system and will be cleared after the task is deleted.

4. On the Set Task page, select the accounts and objects to be migrated, and click Next.
   Figure 9 Migration type
   

   Table 13 Migration types and objects

   Parameter	Description
   Flow Control	You can choose whether to control the flow. Flow Control takes effect in the full phase only. Yes You can customize the maximum migration speed. During the migration, the migration speed of each task (or each subtask in multi-task mode) does not exceed the value of this parameter. In addition, you can set the time range based on your service requirements. The traffic rate setting usually includes setting of a rate limiting time period and a traffic rate value. Flow can be controlled all day or during specific time ranges. The default value is Always. A maximum of three time ranges can be set, and they cannot overlap. The flow rate must be set based on the service scenario and cannot exceed 9,999 MB/s. Figure 10 Flow control No The migration speed is not limited and the outbound bandwidth of the source database is maximally used, which will increase the read burden on the source database. For example, if the outbound bandwidth of the source database is 100 MB/s and 80% bandwidth is used, the I/O consumption on the source database is 80 MB/s. NOTE: Flow control mode takes effect only during a full migration. You can also change the flow control mode after creating a task. For details, see Modifying the Flow Control Mode.
   Migrate Incremental Accounts and Permissions	Indicates whether to migrate incremental accounts and permissions during database migration. Yes All incremental accounts and permissions will be migrated. The migration of incremental accounts and permissions may fail because the source and destination database versions and account encryption modes may be different. No All incremental accounts and permissions will be filtered out during the migration.
   Migrate Account	During a database migration, accounts need to be migrated separately. There are accounts that can be migrated completely, accounts whose permissions need to be reduced, and accounts that cannot be migrated. You can choose whether to migrate the accounts based on service requirements. If you select Yes, you can select the accounts to be migrated as required. Yes If you need to migrate accounts, see Migrating Accounts. No During migration, accounts, permissions, and passwords are not migrated.
   Create Indexes Along With Table Structure	Indicates whether to create indexes along with the table structure in the full migration phase. Yes: Indexes are migrated when the table structure is migrated in the full migration phase. No: Indexes are migrated separately after data migration.
   Filter DROP DATABASE	To reduce the risks involved in data migration, DDL operations can be filtered out. You can choose not to synchronize certain DDL operations. If you select Yes, any database deletion operations performed on the source database are not migrated during data migration. If you select No, related operations are migrated to the destination database during data migration.
   Migrate Object	The left pane displays the source database objects, and the right pane displays the selected objects. You can choose to migrate all objects, tables, or databases based on your service requirements. All: All objects in the source database are migrated to the destination database. After the migration, the object names will remain the same as those in the source database and cannot be modified. Tables: The selected table-level objects will be migrated. Databases: The selected database-level objects will be migrated. If the source database is changed, click in the upper right corner before selecting migration objects to ensure that the objects to be selected are from the changed source database. NOTE: If you choose not to migrate all of the databases, the migration may fail because the objects, such as stored procedures and views, in the databases to be migrated may have dependencies on other objects that are not migrated. To prevent migration failure, migrate all of the databases. If an object name contains spaces, the spaces before and after the object name are not displayed. If there are two or more consecutive spaces in the middle of the object name, only one space is displayed. The name of the selected migration object cannot contain spaces. To quickly select the desired database objects, you can use the search function.

5. On the Check Task page, check the migration task.
   • If any check fails, review the cause and rectify the fault. After the fault is rectified, click Check Again.

     For details about how to handle check failures, see Solutions to Failed Check Items in Data Replication Service User Guide.

   • If the check is complete and the check success rate is 100%, click Next.
     

     You can proceed to the next step only when all checks are successful. If there are any items that require confirmation, view and confirm the details first before proceeding to the next step.

6. Compare source and destination parameters.
   By comparing common and performance parameters for the source databases against those of the destination databases, you can help ensure that services will not change after a migration is completed. You can determine whether to use this function based on service requirements. It mainly ensures that services are not affected after a migration is completed.

   • This process is optional, so you can click Next to skip the comparison.
   • Compare common parameters:

     If the common parameter values in the comparison results are inconsistent, click Save Change to change the destination database values to be the same as those of the source database.

     Figure 11 Modifying common parameters
     

     Performance parameter values in both the source and destination databases can be the same or different.

     • If you need to change the performance parameter values that are consistent in the comparison results to different values, locate the target parameter, enter values in the Change To column, and click Save Change in the upper left corner.
     • If you want to make the performance parameter values of the source and destination database be the same:
       1. Click Use Source Database Value.

          DRS automatically makes the destination database values the same as those of the source database.

          Figure 12 One-click modification
          
          

          You can also manually enter parameter values.

       2. Click Save Change to save your changes.

          The system changes the parameter values based on your settings for the destination database values. After the modification, the list is updated automatically.

          Figure 13 Performance parameters
          

          Some parameters in the destination database require a restart before the changes can take effect. The system will display these as being inconsistent. In addition, restart the destination database before the migration task is started or after the migration task is completed. To minimize the impact of this restart on your services, it is recommended that you schedule a specific time to restart the destination database after the migration is complete.

          For details about how to set parameters during a comparison, see Parameters for Comparison.

       3. Click Next.

7. On the displayed page, specify Start Time, Send Notifications, SMN Topic, Delay Threshold (s), and Stop Abnormal Tasks After and confirm that the configured information is correct and click Submit to submit the task.
   Figure 14 Task startup settings
   

   Table 14 Task startup settings

   Parameter	Description
   Start Time	Set Start Time to Start upon task creation or Start at a specified time based on site requirements. The Start at a specified time option is recommended. NOTE: The migration task may affect the performance of the source and destination databases. You are advised to start the task in off-peak hours and reserve two to three days for data verification.
   Send Notifications	This parameter is optional. After enabled, select a SMN topic. If the task billing is about to start, the status, latency metric, or data of the migration task is abnormal, DRS will send you a notification.
   SMN Topic	This parameter is available only after you enable Send Notifications and create a topic on the SMN console and add a subscriber. For details, see Simple Message Notification User Guide.
   Delay Threshold (s)	During an incremental migration, a synchronization delay indicates a time difference (in seconds) of synchronization between the source and destination database. If the synchronization delay exceeds the threshold you specify, DRS will send alarms to the specified recipients. The value ranges from 0 to 3,600. To avoid repeated alarms caused by the fluctuation of delay, an alarm is sent only after the delay has exceeded the threshold for six minutes. NOTE: In the early stages of an incremental migration, there is more delay because more data is waiting to be synchronized. In this situation, no notifications will be sent. Before setting the delay threshold, enable Send Notifications. If the delay threshold is set to 0, no notifications will be sent to the recipient.
   Data Exception Notification	This parameter is optional. After enabled, DRS will send a notification if the task data is abnormal.
   Stop Abnormal Tasks After	Number of days after which an abnormal task is automatically stopped. The value must range from 14 to 100. The default value is 14. NOTE: Tasks in the abnormal state are still charged. If tasks remain in the abnormal state for a long time, they cannot be resumed. Abnormal tasks run longer than the period you set (unit: day) will automatically stop to avoid unnecessary fees.

8. After the task is submitted, view and manage it on the Online Migration Management page.
   • You can view the task status. For more information about task status, see Task Statuses.
   • You can click in the upper right corner to view the latest task status.
   • After the full migration is complete, you can use data comparison to check whether the data is consistent before and after the migration.
   • By default, DRS retains a task in the Configuration state for three days. After three days, DRS automatically deletes background resources, but the task status remains unchanged. When you reconfigure the task, DRS applies for resources again.
   • For a public network task, DRS needs to delete background resources after you stop the task. The EIP bound to the task cannot be restored to the Unbound state until background resources are deleted.