- What's New
- Function Overview
- Product Bulletin
- Service Overview
- Billing
- Getting Started
-
User Guide
- Permissions Management
- Buying a GaussDB Instance
- GaussDB Instance Connection
-
Database Migration
- Overview of GaussDB Migration Solutions
- Using DRS to Migrate Data from Oracle Database to GaussDB
- Using DRS to Migrate Data from MySQL Database to GaussDB
- Migrating Data to GaussDB Using the Export and Import Functions of DAS
- Using the copy to/from Command to Export and Import Data
- Using CopyManager in JDBC to Export and Import Data
- Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Data
- Using gs_restore to Import Data
- Using gs_loader to Import Data
- Database Use
-
Instance Management
- Viewing GaussDB Instance Overview Data
- Configuring Security Group Rules for a GaussDB Instance
- Binding and Unbinding an EIP for a GaussDB Instance
- Modifying the Recycle Bin Policy for a GaussDB Instance
- Exporting Information About All GaussDB Instances
- Unsubscribing a Yearly/Monthly GaussDB Instance
- Stopping a GaussDB Instance
- Starting a GaussDB Instance
- Rebooting a GaussDB Instance
- Deleting a Pay-per-Use GaussDB Instance
- Rebuilding a GaussDB Instance
- Stopping a GaussDB Node
- Starting a GaussDB Node
- Rebooting a GaussDB Node
-
Instance Modifications
- Changing the Name of a GaussDB Instance
- Changing the Database Port of a GaussDB Instance
- Changing the M Compatibility Port
- Changing the CPU and Memory Specifications of a GaussDB Instance
- Configuring Read Replicas
- Synchronizing Data to a Single-Replica Instance
- Viewing and Modifying Advanced Features
- Scaling In and Out an Instance
- Scaling Up Storage Space
- Changing the Deployment Model
- Performing a Primary/Standby DN Switchover
- Instance Upgrade
- Plug-in Management
- Data Backup
- Data Restoration
- Parameter Management
- Monitoring and Alarming
- Logs and Auditing
- Quota Adjustment
- SQL Diagnosis
-
Disaster Recovery Management
- Constraints
- Creating a DR Task
- Checking DR Task Statuses
- Promoting the DR Instance to Primary
- Stopping a DR Task
- Deleting a DR Task
- Re-creating a DR Task After the Primary Instance Is Faulty
- Switching Roles of Primary and DR Instances
- Re-establishing a DR Relationship
- Performing a DR Drill
- Enabling or Disabling Log Cache
- Restrictions on the DR Instance
- Managing GaussDB Tasks
- Managing GaussDB Tags
- Resetting the Administrator Password of a GaussDB Instance
-
Developer Guide
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Packages, Driver Classes, and Environment Classes
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC Interface Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- Common JDBC Parameters
- FAQs
- JDBC Data Type Mapping
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ECPG Components
- ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
- ECPG API Reference
- Development Based on the Go Driver
- Compatibility Reference
- Commissioning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Optimization
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Skew Hints
- Parameterized Path Hint
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Query Rewriting Hints
- Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
- Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
- Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
- Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
- Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Subqueries
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
-
SQL Reference
- GaussDB SQL
- Keywords
-
Data Types
- Numeric Types
- Monetary Types
- Boolean Types
- Character Types
- Binary Types
- Date/Time Types
- Geometric Types
- Network Address Types
- Bit String Types
- UUID Type
- JSON/JSONB Types
- HLL Type
- Range Types
- Object Identifier Types
- Pseudo-Types
- Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
- XML Type
- XMLType
- ACLItem Type
- Array Types
-
Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
- Database-level Character Sets and Collations
- Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
- Table-level Character Sets and Collations
- Column-level Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
- Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Setting Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Hash Bucket System Functions
- Undo System Functions
- Other Functions
- SPM Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Functions
- Prompt Message Function
- Fault Injection System Function
- Redistribution Functions
- Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- AI Feature Functions
- Sensitive Data Discovery Function
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hotkey Feature Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Pivot Table Functions
- UUID Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- DCL Syntax Overview
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- Other Syntax List
-
A
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER COORDINATOR
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER NODE
- ALTER NODE GROUP
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- B
-
C
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE BARRIER
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE NODE
- CREATE NODE GROUP
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SECURITY LABEL
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
-
D
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP NODE
- DROP NODE GROUP
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SECURITY LABEL
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- E
- F
- G
- I
- L
- M
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
- Stored Procedures
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- Partitioned Table
- OLTP Table Compression
- Encrypted Equality Query
- Communications
- Ledger Database
- SPM
- AI
- Auditing
- User and Permission Management
- Connection and Authentication
- Dynamic Data Masking
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SECURITY_LABEL
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
- GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
- GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_SET
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
-
Partitioned Table
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- OLTP Table Compression
-
Communications
- COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_LIBCOMM_FD_INFO
- GS_LIBCOMM_MEMORY_INFO
- GS_STATIC_THREADPOOL_CTRL_STATUS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_POOLER_STATUS
- PGXC_COMM_DELAY
- PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_STATUS
-
Segment-Page Storage
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_DATAFILES
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_EXTENTS
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
- GLOBAL_GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
- GS_SEG_DATAFILES
- GS_SEG_DATAFILE_LAYOUT
- GS_SEG_EXTENTS
- GS_SEG_SEGMENTS
- GS_SEG_SEGMENT_LAYOUT
- GS_SEG_SPC_EXTENTS
- GS_SEG_SPC_SEGMENTS
- GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_EXTENTS
- GS_SEG_SPC_REMAIN_SEGMENTS
- SPM
- Auditing
-
User and Permission Management
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_USERS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_DIRECTORIES
- DB_TAB_PRIVS
- DB_USERS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_LABELS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- Dynamic Data Masking
- Transparent Encryption
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DUAL
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
- GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
- GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
- GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_BUCKET_LOCKS
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
- PGXC_NODE_ENV
- PGXC_OS_THREADS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
- PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PGXC_SQL_COUNT
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
- PLAN_TABLE
- PV_FILE_STAT
- PV_INSTANCE_TIME
- PV_OS_RUN_INFO
- PV_REDO_STAT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PV_SESSION_STAT
- PV_SESSION_TIME
- PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$GLOBAL_OPEN_CURSOR
- V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
- V$LOCK
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$OPEN_CURSOR
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
-
Partitioned Table
- Discarded
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session and Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
-
Cache and I/O
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- Communication Library
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Event
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plan Cache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- Discarded
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
-
Configuring GUC Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Parallel Data Import
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Autovacuum
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Cluster Transaction Parameters
- Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- Transaction Monitoring
- CM Parameters
- GTM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Event
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Undo
- Rollback Parameters
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Ledger Database
- Creating an Index Online
- Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
- Session-level Transaction Pushdown and Related Parameters
- Enhanced TOAST
- Reserved Parameters
- Appendix
-
FAQs
- What is the maximum number of columns in a single GaussDB table?
- How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
- What is OID?
- What is UDF?
- What wildcards are supported in GaussDB? How do I use them?
- Is there a limit on the length of a database object name?
- How do I view the creation time of a table?
- How do I create indexes in parallel?
- How do I create an auto-increment column?
- Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
- What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
- How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
- How do I determine whether a column is null?
- How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
- How do I query the time difference between two time points?
- What are the types of SQL languages?
- What is the function of a trigger?
- What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
- What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
- How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
-
Developer Guide(Centralized_8.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Packages, Driver Classes, and Environment Classes
- Development Process
- Loading the Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MY
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC API Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- PGobject
- Common JDBC Parameters
- Troubleshooting
- Mapping for JDBC Data Types
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Development Based on the Go Driver
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ECPG Components
- ECPG Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
- ECPG API Reference
- Compatibility Reference
- Commissioning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Optimization
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hints for Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hints for Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hints of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hints for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
- Hints for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hints for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Query Rewriting Hints
- Outline Hints
- Hints for Specifying ANY Sublink Pullup
- Hints for Specifying the Degree of Parallelism for Scans
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Semi-Join
- Hints for Specifying the Stream Hashagg Optimization
- Hints for Specifying Whether to Use Minmax Optimization
- Introduction to Plan Trace
- Performing Optimization with SQL Patches
- Optimization Cases
-
SQL Reference
- GaussDB SQL
- Keywords
-
Data Types
- Numeric Types
- Monetary Types
- Boolean Types
- Character Types
- Binary Types
- Date/Time Types
- Geometric Types
- Network Address Types
- Bit String Types
- UUID Type
- JSON/JSONB Types
- HLL Type
- Range Types
- Object Identifier Types
- Pseudo-Types
- XML Type
- XMLType
- Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
- SET Type
- ACLItem Type
- Array Types
- Vector Data Types
-
Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of the Client Connection
- Database-level Character Sets and Collations
- Schema-level Character Sets and Collations
- Table-level Character Sets and Collations
- Column-level Character Sets and Collations
- Character Sets and Collations of Expressions of the String Type
- Rules for Combining Character Sets and Collations
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Hash Bucket System Functions
- Other Functions
- Undo System Functions
- SPM Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Functions
- Prompt Message Function
- Global Temporary Table Functions
- Fault Injection System Function
- AI Feature Functions
- Sensitive Data Discovery Function
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
- Pivot Table Functions
- UUID Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Vector Calculation Interfaces and Functions
- Deprecated Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- DCL Syntax Overview
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- Other Syntax List
-
A
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER EVENT
- ALTER EXTENSION
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER PACKAGE
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER USER MAPPING
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- B
-
C
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EVENT
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
- CREATE PACKAGE
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SECURITY LABEL
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE USER MAPPING
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
-
D
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CAST
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP EVENT
- DROP EXTENSION
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PACKAGE
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP RULE
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SECURITY LABEL
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP USER MAPPING
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- E
- F
- G
- I
- L
- M
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
-
Stored Procedure
- Stored Procedure
- Data Types
- Data Type Conversion
- Arrays, Collections, and Records
- DECLARE Syntax
- Basic Statements
- Dynamic Statements
- Control Statements
- Transaction Management
- Other Statements
- Cursors
- Advanced Packages
- Retry Management
- Debugging
- Package
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- Partitioned Table
- OLTP Table Compression
- Encrypted Equality Query
- Communications
- Ledger Database
- SPM
- AI
- Auditing
- User and Permission Management
- Connection and Authentication
- Dynamic Data Masking
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_PACKAGE
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SECURITY_LABEL
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_STATISTIC_EXT_HISTORY
- GS_STATISTIC_HISTORY
- GS_TABLESTATS_HISTORY
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SET
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
-
Partitioned Table
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_INDEXES
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- OLTP Table Compression
- Communications
- Segment-Page Storage
- SPM
- Auditing
-
User and Permission Management
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_USERS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_DIRECTORIES
- DB_TAB_PRIVS
- DB_USERS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_LABELS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- Dynamic Data Masking
- Transparent Encryption
- DATABASE LINK
- Materialized Views
-
Other System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_RECYCLEBIN
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_ERRORS
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DUAL
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
- GS_FILE_STAT
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_INSTANCE_TIME
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_OS_RUN_INFO
- GS_REDO_STAT
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SESSION_STAT
- GS_SESSION_TIME
- GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_AUDIT_TRAIL
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_ERRORS
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_RECYCLEBIN
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_GTT_RELSTATS
- PG_GTT_STATS
- PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PLAN_TABLE
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
- V$LOCK
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$OPEN_CURSOR
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
-
Partitioned Table
- Discarded
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session/Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
- Query
-
Cache/IO
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_ADIO_COMPLETER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_AIO_SLOT_USAGE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Events
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plancache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_end
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.error_info_locals
- DB4AI Schema
- DBE_PLDEVELOPER
- DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
-
Configuring GUC Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Data Import and Export
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- SPM
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Autovacuum
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Transaction
- Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- CM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Events
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- Global Temporary Table
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- Undo
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Rollback Parameters
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Delimiter
- Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
- Ledger Database
- Creating an Index Online
- Data Lifecycle Management: OLTP Table Compression
- Vector Database Parameters
- Enhanced TOAST
- Reserved Parameters
-
FAQ
- What is the maximum number of columns in a single GaussDB table?
- How do I query the partition and index information of a partitioned table?
- What is OID?
- What is UDF?
- What wildcards are supported in GaussDB? How do I use them?
- Is there a limit on the length of a database object name?
- How do I view the creation time of a table?
- How do I create indexes in parallel?
- How do I create an auto-increment column?
- Can I query the GaussDB memory usage through SQL statements?
- What are the differences between LIMIT 2, LIMIT 2,3 and LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3?
- How do I create a column whose default value is the current time?
- How do I determine whether a column is null?
- How do I obtain the username for connecting to a database?
- How do I query the time difference between two time points?
- What are the types of SQL languages?
- What is the function of a trigger?
- What are the four characteristics of correctly executing database transactions?
- What are the differences between the DROP, TRUNCATE, and DELETE methods in GaussDB?
- How many bytes does a Chinese character occupy in GaussDB?
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_3.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Logical Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC Interface Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- Common JDBC Parameters
- FAQs
- Mapping for JDBC Data Types
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ecpg Components
- ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ecpg and Pro*C Compatibility Comparison
- ECPG API Reference
- Development Based on the Go Driver
- Debugging
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Skew Hints
- Parameterized Path Hint
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
- Tuning with SQL PATCH
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
- Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
-
SQL Reference
- SQL
- Keywords
- Data Type
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Undo System Functions
- Other Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Fault Injection System Function
- Redistribution Parameters
- Distribution Key Recommendation Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- AI Feature Functions
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hotkey Feature Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER COORDINATOR
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER NODE
- ALTER NODE GROUP
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE BARRIER
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GLOBAL INDEX
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE NODE
- CREATE NODE GROUP
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP NODE
- DROP NODE GROUP
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXECUTE DIRECT
- EXPDP DATABASE
- EXPDP TABLE
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
- IMPDP RECOVER
- INSERT
- IMPDP TABLE
- IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
- LOCK
- MOVE
- MERGE INTO
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- PURGE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REINDEX
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- START TRANSACTION
- TIMECAPSULE TABLE
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
- Stored Procedures
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_ASP
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DATABASE_LINK
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SET
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_REDISTB
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
- ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
- ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
- ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
- GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GLOBAL_SQL_PATCH
- GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
- GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_DB_LINKS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_POOLER_STATUS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATS
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_COMM_DELAY
- PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_STATUS
- PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
- PGXC_NODE_ENV
- PGXC_OS_THREADS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
- PGXC_SQL_COUNT
- PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
- PLAN_TABLE
- PV_FILE_STAT
- PV_INSTANCE_TIME
- PV_OS_RUN_INFO
- PV_REDO_STAT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PV_SESSION_STAT
- PV_SESSION_TIME
- PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session and Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
- Query
-
Cache and I/O
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- Communication Library
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Event
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plan Cache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- Discarded
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.show_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_hint_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.create_remote_abort_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.drop_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.enable_remote_sql_patch
- DBE_SQL_UTIL.disable_remote_sql_patch
-
Configuring Running Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Parallel Data Import
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Cluster Transaction Parameters
- Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- Transaction Monitoring
- CM Parameters
- GTM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Event
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Collaborative Analysis
- Acceleration Cluster
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Full Text Search
- Backup and Restoration
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- Read Parameters of the Standby Node in a Distributed System
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Undo
- Rollback Parameters
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
-
Developer Guide(Centralized_3.x)
- Database System Overview
- Database Security
- Database Quick Start
- Development and Design Proposal
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to a Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MY
- Example: Logical Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
-
JDBC API Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- PGobject
- Common JDBC Parameters
- Troubleshooting
- Mapping for JDBC Data Types
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Development Based on the Go Driver
-
ECPG-based Development
- Development Process
- ecpg Components
- ecpg Preprocessing and Compiling
- Managing Database Connections
- Running SQL Commands
- Querying the Result Set
- Closing a Database Connection
- Host Variables
- Executing Dynamic SQL Statements
- Error Handling
- Preprocessor Directives
- Using Library Functions
- SQL Descriptor Area
- Examples
- ECPG API Reference
- Debugging
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Hint Specifying the Query Block Where the Hint Is Located
- Hint Specifying the Query Block and Schema of a Table
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hint for Setting Slow SQL Control Rules
- Hint for Adaptive Plan Selection
- Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
- Bitmap Scan Hints
- Hint for Inner Table Materialization During Join
- AGG Hint
- Introduction to Plan Trace
- Tuning with SQL PATCH
- Optimization Cases
-
SQL Reference
- SQL
- Keywords
- Data Types
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Encrypted Functions and Operators
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- DR Control Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Other Functions
- Undo System Functions
- SQL Statement Concurrency Control Function
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Global Temporary Table Functions
- Fault Injection System Function
- AI Feature Functions
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Functions of the XML Type
- Functions of the XMLType Type
- Global PL/SQL Cache Functions
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Pseudocolumn
- Type Conversion
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- ALTER EVENT
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATABASE LINK
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER PACKAGE
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER USER MAPPING
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATABASE LINK
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EVENT
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
- CREATE PACKAGE
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE USER MAPPING
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CAST
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATABASE LINK
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP EVENT
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PACKAGE
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP RULE
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP USER MAPPING
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXPDP DATABASE
- EXPDP TABLE
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- IMPDP DATABASE CREATE
- IMPDP RECOVER
- IMPDP TABLE
- IMPDP TABLE PREPARE
- INSERT
- LOCK
- MERGE INTO
- MOVE
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- PURGE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REINDEX
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHOW EVENTS
- SHUTDOWN
- SNAPSHOT
- START TRANSACTION
- TIMECAPSULE TABLE
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- ALTER EXTENSION
- CREATE EXTENSION
- DROP EXTENSION
- Appendix
- Best Practices
- User-defined Functions
- Stored Procedure
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DATABASE_LINK
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_DEPENDENCIES
- GS_DEPENDENCIES_OBJ
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_PACKAGE
- GS_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_SET
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
-
System Views
- ADM_ARGUMENTS
- ADM_AUDIT_OBJECT
- ADM_AUDIT_SESSION
- ADM_AUDIT_STATEMENT
- ADM_AUDIT_TRAIL
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_COL_PRIVS
- ADM_COLL_TYPES
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_DEPENDENCIES
- ADM_DIRECTORIES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_HIST_SQLTEXT
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_RECYCLEBIN
- ADM_ROLE_PRIVS
- ADM_ROLES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS
- ADM_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
- ADM_SEGMENTS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_SYS_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_COLS
- ADM_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- ADM_TAB_PRIVS
- ADM_TAB_STATISTICS
- ADM_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_TYPES
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_ARGUMENTS
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_COL_PRIVS
- DB_COLL_TYPES
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_ERRORS
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_PART_INDEXES
- DB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- DB_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_TYPES
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DICT
- DICTIONARY
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- DV_SESSIONS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_ALL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_COMM_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
- GS_DB_LINKS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_FILE_STAT
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GET_LISTEN_ADDRESS_EXT_INFO
- GS_GLC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_GLOBAL_ARCHIVE_STATUS
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_INSTANCE_TIME
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_MY_PLAN_TRACE
- GS_OS_RUN_INFO
- GS_REDO_STAT
- GS_SESSION_ALL_SETTINGS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SESSION_STAT
- GS_SESSION_TIME
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STAT_XACT_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_STATIO_ALL_PARTITIONS
- GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- GS_WORKLOAD_RULE_STAT
- GV_INSTANCE
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_COL_PRIVS
- MY_COLL_TYPES
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_DEPENDENCIES
- MY_ERRORS
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_RECYCLEBIN
- MY_ROLE_PRIVS
- MY_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
- MY_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_SYS_PRIVS
- MY_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_STATISTICS
- MY_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
- MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TABLESPACES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_TYPE_ATTRS
- MY_TYPES
- MY_VIEWS
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
- PG_GTT_RELSTATS
- PG_GTT_STATS
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATS
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PLAN_TABLE
- ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
- ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
- ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
- SYS_DUMMY
- V_INSTANCE
- V_MYSTAT
- V_SESSION
- V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- V$SESSION_WAIT
- V$SYSSTAT
- V$SYSTEM_EVENT
- V$VERSION
- Discarded
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session/Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
- Query
-
Cache/IO
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_STATUS
- PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- GLOBAL_PARALLEL_DECODE_THREAD_INFO
- Lock
- Wait Events
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plancache
- RTO & RPO
- AI Watchdog
- Discarded
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DB4AI Schema
- DBE_PLDEVELOPER
- DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
-
Configuring Running Parameters
- Viewing Parameters
- Setting Parameters
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Data Import and Export
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Transaction
- Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- CM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Events
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- Global Temporary Table
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- Undo
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Rollback Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Parameters Related to the Efficient Data Compression Algorithm
- Restoring Data on the Standby Node
- Delimiter
- Global PL/SQL Cache Parameters
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_2.x)
- Overview
- Working with Databases
- Development and Design Proposal
- Best Practices
-
Tutorial: Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server
- Overview
- Prerequisites
- Step 1: Preparing Source Data
- Step 2: Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS on a Data Server
- Step 3: Creating a Foreign Table in GaussDB
- Step 4: Importing Data to GaussDB
- Step 5: Analyzing and Handling Import Errors
- Step 6: Improving Query Efficiency After Data Import
- Step 7: Stopping GDS
- Step 8: Cleaning Up Resources
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading a Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Example: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MySQL
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
- JDBC Interface Reference
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Database Security Management
-
Importing Data
- Importing Data in Parallel Using Foreign Tables
- Running the INSERT Statement to Insert Data
- Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data
- Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data
- Updating Data in a Table
- Deep Copy
- Checking for Data Skew
- Analyzing Tables
- Doing VACUUM to a Table
- Managing Concurrent Write Operations
- Exporting Data
-
Performance Tuning
- Overview
- Determining the Scope of Performance Tuning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Optimization Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Configuring Key Parameters for SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Stream Operation Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Skew Hints
- Parameterized Path Hint
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Plan Hint Cases
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hints for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hints Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hints Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Checking the Implicit Conversion Performance
- Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Key
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
- Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs
- Case: Setting cost_param and Optimizing Query Performance
- Case: Adjusting Distribution Keys
- Case: Adjusting Partial Clustering Keys
- Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Model in a Medium Table
- Case: Adjusting Partial Clustering Keys
- Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
- Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (2)
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements to Eliminate Pruning Interference
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Case: Using DN Gather to Reduce Stream Nodes in the Plan
- Case: Adjusting I/O Parameters to Reduce the Log Bloat Rate
- Configuring Running Parameters
-
SQL Reference
- GaussDB SQL
- Keywords
-
Data Type
- Numeric Types
- Monetary Types
- Boolean Types
- Character Types
- Binary Types
- Date/Time Types
- Geometric Types
- Network Address Types
- Bit String Types
- Text Search Types
- UUID Type
- JSON/JSONB Types
- HLL
- Range
- Object Identifier Types
- Pseudo-Types
- Data Types Supported by Column-store Tables
- Data Types Used by the Ledger Database
- ACLItem
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Pattern Matching Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Equality Functions
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Control Functions
- Dual-Cluster DR Query Functions
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Other Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Fault Injection System Function
- Redistribution Parameters
- Distribution Column Recommendation Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- AI Feature Functions
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hotkey Feature Functions
- Global SysCache Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Type Conversion
- Full Text Search
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER COORDINATOR
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATA SOURCE
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for Import and Export)
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER LARGE OBJECT
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER NODE
- ALTER NODE GROUP
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER VIEW
- ALTER WORKLOAD GROUP
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE BARRIER
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATA SOURCE
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for Import and Export)
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE NODE
- CREATE NODE GROUP
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATA SOURCE
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP FOREIGN TABLE
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP NODE
- DROP NODE GROUP
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WORKLOAD GROUP
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXECUTE DIRECT
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- INSERT
- LOCK
- MOVE
- MERGE INTO
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REINDEX
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- START TRANSACTION
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- Appendix
- Stored Procedures
- Autonomous Transaction
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_ASP
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OBSSCANINFO
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OBSSCANINFO
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_PUBLICATION
- PG_PUBLICATION_REL
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_REDISTB
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
- STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
-
System Views
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS
- GLOBAL_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_CLEAR_BAD_BLOCK_INFO
- GLOBAL_COMM_CLIENT_INFO
- GLOBAL_STAT_HOTKEYS_INFO
- GLOBAL_WAL_SENDER_STATUS
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_DB_CU
- GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_USER_INFO
- GS_WLM_USER_SESSION_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_VIEWS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_POOLER_STATUS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
- PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PG_WLM_STATISTICS
- PGXC_COMM_DELAY
- PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PGXC_COMM_STATUS
- PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS
- PGXC_NODE_ENV
- PGXC_OS_THREADS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS
- PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PGXC_SQL_COUNT
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- PGXC_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESPOOL
- PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
- PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO
- PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
- PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- PLAN_TABLE
- PV_FILE_STAT
- PV_INSTANCE_TIME
- PV_OS_RUN_INFO
- PV_REDO_STAT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PV_SESSION_STAT
- PV_SESSION_TIME
- PV_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SYS_DUMMY
-
Schemas
- Information Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session and Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- GLOBAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
-
Query
- STATEMENT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT
- STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
-
Cache and I/O
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
- GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
- Communication Library
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_COMM_CHECK_CONNECTION_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_POOLER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Event
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plan Cache
- RTO & RPO
- WDR Snapshot Schema
- GTM Mode
- Materialized View
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Parallel Data Import
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Workload Management
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Cluster Transaction Parameters
- Dual-Cluster Replication Parameters
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- Transaction Monitoring
- CM Parameters
- GTM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Event
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Collaborative Analysis
- Acceleration Cluster
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Full Text Search
- Backup and Restoration
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- Error Log Reference
-
API Reference
-
JDBC Interface Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
- ODBC Interface Reference
- libpq Interface Reference
- Psycopg API Reference
-
JDBC Interface Reference
-
Developer Guide(Centralized_2.x)
- Overview
- Working with Databases
- Development and Design Proposal
- Best Practices
-
Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Obtaining the Driver Package
-
Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading the Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to a Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Log Management
- Examples: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example: Migrating Data from MY
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
- JDBC API Reference
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg-based Development
- Development Based on the Go Driver
- Database Security Management
-
API Reference
-
JDBC
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- PGReplicationConnection
- PGReplicationStream
- ChainedStreamBuilder
- ChainedCommonStreamBuilder
-
ODBC
- SQLAllocEnv
- SQLAllocConnect
- SQLAllocHandle
- SQLAllocStmt
- SQLBindCol
- SQLBindParameter
- SQLColAttribute
- SQLConnect
- SQLDisconnect
- SQLExecDirect
- SQLExecute
- SQLFetch
- SQLFreeStmt
- SQLFreeConnect
- SQLFreeHandle
- SQLFreeEnv
- SQLPrepare
- SQLGetData
- SQLGetDiagRec
- SQLSetConnectAttr
- SQLSetEnvAttr
- SQLSetStmtAttr
- Examples
- libpq
- Psycopg
- Go
-
JDBC
- Importing Data
-
Performance Tuning
- Performance Tuning Process
- Determining the Scope of Performance Tuning
-
SQL Optimization
- Query Execution Process
- Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan
- Tuning Process
- Updating Statistics
- Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition
- Typical SQL Optimization Methods
- Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements
- Resetting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning
-
Hint-based Tuning
- Plan Hint Optimization
- Join Order Hints
- Join Operation Hints
- Rows Hints
- Scan Operation Hints
- Sublink Name Hints
- Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings
- Optimizer GUC Parameter Hints
- Hint for Selecting the Custom Plan or Generic Plan
- Hint Specifying Not to Expand Subqueries
- Hint Specifying Not to Use Global Plan Cache
- Hint of Parameterized Paths at the Same Level
- Hint for Materializing a Sub-plan Result
- Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning
-
Optimization Cases
- Case: Modifying the GUC Parameter rewrite_rule
- Case: Adjusting I/O Parameters to Reduce the Log Bloat Rate
- Case: Creating an Appropriate Index
- Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns
- Case: Modifying a Partitioned Table
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (1)
- Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (2)
- Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause
- Configuring Running Parameters
-
SQL Reference
- SQL
- Keywords
- Data Types
- Constant and Macro
-
Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Mode Matching Operators
- Mathematical Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Equality Functions
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
-
System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- DR Control Functions for Dual Database Instances
- DR Query Functions for Dual-Database Instances
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Other Functions
- Undo System Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Global Temporary Table Functions
- Fault Injection System Function
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Hierarchical Recursion Query Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- Global SysCache Feature Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- Obsolete Functions
- Expressions
- Type Conversion
- Full Text Search
- System Operation
- Controlling Transactions
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
-
SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATA SOURCE
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER EXTENSION
- ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER LARGE OBJECT
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER PUBLICATION
- ALTER PACKAGE
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER USER MAPPING
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATA SOURCE
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE PACKAGE
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE PUBLICATION
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE USER MAPPING
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CAST
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATA SOURCE
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP EXTENSION
- DROP FOREIGN TABLE
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PACKAGE
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP RULE
- DROP PUBLICATION
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SUBSCRIPTION
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP USER MAPPING
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- INSERT
- LOCK
- MERGE INTO
- MOVE
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- PURGE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REINDEX
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- SNAPSHOT
- START TRANSACTION
- TIMECAPSULE TABLE
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- Appendix
- Stored Procedure
-
System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview of System Catalogs and System Views
-
System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_JOB_ARGUMENT
- GS_JOB_ATTRIBUTE
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_PACKAGE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_SQL_PATCH
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_PLAN_ENCODING_TABLE
- GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OBSSCANINFO
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_PUBLICATION
- PG_PUBLICATION_REL
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- STREAMING_STREAM
- STREAMING_CONT_QUERY
- STREAMING_REAPER_STATUS
-
System Views
- ADM_COL_COMMENTS
- ADM_CONSTRAINTS
- ADM_CONS_COLUMNS
- ADM_DATA_FILES
- ADM_HIST_SNAPSHOT
- ADM_HIST_SQL_PLAN
- ADM_HIST_SQLSTAT
- ADM_INDEXES
- ADM_IND_COLUMNS
- ADM_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- ADM_IND_PARTITIONS
- ADM_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_PART_INDEXES
- ADM_OBJECTS
- ADM_PART_TABLES
- ADM_PROCEDURES
- ADM_SCHEDULER_JOBS
- ADM_SEQUENCES
- ADM_SOURCE
- ADM_SYNONYMS
- ADM_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- ADM_TABLES
- ADM_TABLESPACES
- ADM_TAB_COLUMNS
- ADM_TAB_COMMENTS
- ADM_TAB_PARTITIONS
- ADM_TRIGGERS
- ADM_TYPE_ATTRS
- ADM_USERS
- ADM_VIEWS
- DB_ALL_TABLES
- DB_COL_COMMENTS
- DB_CONSTRAINTS
- DB_CONS_COLUMNS
- DB_DEPENDENCIES
- DB_IND_COLUMNS
- DB_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- DB_IND_PARTITIONS
- DB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_INDEXES
- DB_OBJECTS
- DB_PROCEDURES
- DB_PART_INDEXES
- DB_PART_TABLES
- DB_SEQUENCES
- DB_SOURCE
- DB_SYNONYMS
- DB_TAB_PARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- DB_TAB_COLUMNS
- DB_TAB_COMMENTS
- DB_TABLES
- DB_TRIGGERS
- DB_USERS
- DB_VIEWS
- DV_SESSIONS
- DV_SESSION_LONGOPS
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS (Discarded)
- GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_COMM_PROXY_THREAD_STATUS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_FILE_STAT
- GS_GET_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_INSTANCE_TIME
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_OS_RUN_INFO
- GS_REDO_STAT
- GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_STAT
- GS_SESSION_TIME
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
- GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_USER_INFO
- GS_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS
- GV_SESSION
- MPP_TABLES
- MY_COL_COMMENTS
- MY_CONSTRAINTS
- MY_CONS_COLUMNS
- MY_INDEXES
- MY_IND_COLUMNS
- MY_IND_EXPRESSIONS
- MY_IND_PARTITIONS
- MY_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_JOBS
- MY_OBJECTS
- MY_PART_INDEXES
- MY_PART_TABLES
- MY_PROCEDURES
- MY_SEQUENCES
- MY_SOURCE
- MY_SYNONYMS
- MY_TAB_COLUMNS
- MY_TAB_COMMENTS
- MY_TAB_PARTITIONS
- MY_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
- MY_TABLES
- MY_TRIGGERS
- MY_VIEWS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_GTT_RELSTATS
- PG_GTT_STATS
- PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
- PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_STATS
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VIEWS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_WLM_STATISTICS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PLAN_TABLE
- SYS_DUMMY
-
Schemas
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
-
Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
- STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- Workload
-
Session/Thread
- SESSION_STAT
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT
- SESSION_TIME
- GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME
- SESSION_MEMORY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY
- SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY
- THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS
- SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME
- SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION
- Transaction
-
Query
- STATEMENT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT
- STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT
- SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE
- STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY
- STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
- GS_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_HISTORY (Discarded)
- GLOBAL_SLOW_QUERY_INFO (Discarded)
-
Cache/IO
- STATIO_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU
- GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU
-
Utility
- REPLICATION_STAT
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT
- REPLICATION_SLOTS
- GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT
- GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS
- GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS
- GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME
- GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS
- GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS
- CLASS_VITAL_INFO
- USER_LOGIN
- SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN
- GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS
- GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS
- Lock
- Wait Events
- Configuration
- Operator
- Workload Manager
- Global Plancache
- RTO & RPO
- WDR Snapshot Schema
-
DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish
- DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var
- DBE_SQL_UTIL Schema
-
DBE_PERF Schema
- Logical Replication
- Materialized View
-
GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Workload Management
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Fault Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- Transaction
- Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- CM Parameters
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Events
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- Global Temporary Table
- HyperLogLog
- User-defined Functions
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- Backup and Restoration
- Undo
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Rollback Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Error Log Reference
-
Developer Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Tool Guide
-
Feature Guide
-
Feature Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Queries
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- FDW
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Centralized_8.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Query
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Automatic Partitioning
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- Partition Concurrency Control
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- Foreign Data Wrapper
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Distributed_3.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Queries
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- FDW
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Centralized_3.x)
- Materialized View
- Setting Encrypted Equality Query
-
Partitioned Table
- Large-Capacity Database
- Introduction to Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Table Query Optimization
- Partitioned Table O&M Management
- Partition Concurrency Control
- System Views & DFX Related to Partitioned Tables
- Storage Engine
- Foreign Data Wrapper
- Logical Replication
-
Feature Guide(Distributed_8.x)
- Best Practices
- Performance White Paper
-
API Reference
- Before You Start
- API Overview
- Calling APIs
-
APIs (Recommended)
- DB Engine Versions and Specifications
- Storage Management
-
Instance Management
- Creating a DB Instance (v3.2)
- Creating a DB Instance (v5)
- Adding CNs and DN Shards and Scaling Up Storage
- Deleting a DB Instance
- Querying DB Instances
- Resetting a Database Password
- Changing a DB Instance Name
- Rebooting a DB Instance
- Switching Roles of the Primary and Standby DNs in Shards
- Querying the Components of a DB Instance
- Changing the vCPUs and Memory of a DB Instance
- Checking Whether Host Load Is Unbalanced Due to a Primary/Standby Switchover
- Querying Solution Template Settings
- Querying EIPs Bound to a DB Instance
- Validating Password Strength
- Binding or Unbinding an EIP
- Querying the SSL Certificate Download Address of a DB Instance
- Querying the Instance Quotas of a Tenant
- Starting a DB Instance or Node
- Stopping a DB Instance or Node
- Enabling M Compatibility Port
- Changing or Disabling M Compatibility Port
- Querying the Top I/O Threads
- Querying CNs
- Querying Storage Autoscaling Policies of a DB Instance
- Querying Advanced Features
- Enabling or Disabling Advanced Features
-
Parameter Configuration
- Obtaining Parameter Templates
- Obtaining the Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
- Modifying Parameters of a Specified DB Instance
- Creating a Parameter Template
- Deleting a Parameter Template
- Querying Details About a Parameter Template
- Replicating a Parameter Template
- Resetting a Parameter Template
- Obtaining the Differences of Two Parameter Templates
- Querying Instances That a Parameter Template Can Be Applied To
- Checking Whether the Parameter Template Name Exists
- Applying a Parameter Template
- Querying Application Records of a Parameter Template
- Querying Change History of a Parameter Template
- Version Upgrade
-
Backup and Restoration
- Configuring an Automated Backup Policy
- Querying an Automated Backup Policy
- Querying Backups
- Creating a Manual Backup
- Stopping a Backup
- Deleting a Manual Backup
- Querying the Restoration Time Range
- Restoring Data to a New instance
- Querying Instances That Can Be Used for Backups and Restorations
- Querying Information About the Original Instance Based on a Specific Point of Time or a Backup File
- Restoring Data to the Original or Existing Instance
- Confirming Data Integrity After a Backup Is Restored
- Log Management
- SQL Throttling
-
Database and Account Management
- Creating a Database
- Creating a Database Account
- Creating a Database Schema
- Configuring Permissions of Database Accounts
- Resetting a Password for a Database Account
- Querying Databases
- Querying Database Users
- Querying Database Schemas
- Deleting a Database
- Deleting a Schema
- Creating a Database Role
- Querying Database Roles
- Configuring Permissions of a Database Role
- Tag Management
- Quota Management
- Task Management
- Recycle Bin
- Plug-in Management
- Historical APIs
- Permissions Policies and Supported Actions
- Appendix
- SDK Reference
-
FAQs
-
About GaussDB
- What Should I Pay Attention to When Using GaussDB?
- What Is the Availability of GaussDB Instances?
- Will My GaussDB Instances Be Affected by Other Users' Instances?
- What Can I Do About Slow Responses of Websites When They Use GaussDB?
- Can Multiple ECSs Connect to the Same GaussDB Instance?
- Can I Encrypt the Disk After Purchasing a GaussDB Instance?
- Will Backups Be Encrypted After Disk Encryption Is Enabled for My GaussDB Instance?
- Will Different GaussDB Instances Share CPU and Memory Resources?
- How Many Databases Can Run on a GaussDB Instance?
- What Is the Relationship Between GaussDB and PostgreSQL?
- Can Multiple Users Log In to a GaussDB Instance Through DAS at the Same Time? Will the Accounts Be Locked If I Enter Wrong Passwords Several Times in a Row?
- What Are the Differences Between the Independent Deployment Model and Combined Deployment Model of GaussDB Distributed Instances?
- What Are the Differences Between the General-Purpose, Dedicated, and Kunpeng Dedicated Specification Types Provided GaussDB?
- Can I Switch Between the GaussDB Enterprise Edition and Basic Edition?
- GaussDB Resource Freezing, Unfreezing, Release, Deletion, and Unsubscription
- Resource and Disk Management
-
Database Connections
- What Should I Do If I Can't Connect to My GaussDB Instance?
- Can an External Server Access GaussDB Instances?
- Do Applications Need to Support Automatic Reconnections to GaussDB Databases?
- Why Can't I Ping My EIP After It Is Bound to a GaussDB Instance?
- Can I Access a GaussDB Instance Over an Intranet Connection Across Regions?
- Database Storage
-
Database Usage
- How Do I Use DAS to Query SQL Statements Executed in GaussDB?
- What Should I Do If Garbled Characters Are Displayed After SQL Query Results Are Exported to an Excel File for My GaussDB Instance?
- What Do I Do If the root Account of My GaussDB Instance Is Locked?
- Why Did the New Password Not Take Effect After I Reset the Administrator Password of a GaussDB Instance?
- What Do I Do If Replay Speed of Standby DNs Cannot Catch Up with Write Speed of Primary DN?
- Can I Change the VPC to Which My GaussDB Instance Belongs?
-
Backup and Restoration
- How Long Does GaussDB Store Backup Data?
- How Do I Clear GaussDB Backup Space?
- Can My GaussDB Instance Still Be Used in the Backup Window?
- How Is GaussDB Backup Data Billed?
- How Can I Back Up a GaussDB Database to an ECS?
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CREATE INDEX
Description
Defines a new index.
Indexes are primarily used to enhance database performance (though inappropriate use can result in database performance deterioration). You are advised to create indexes on:
- Columns that are often queried.
- Join conditions. For a query on joined columns, you are advised to create a composite index on the columns. For example, for select * from t1 join t2 on t1.a=t2.a and t1.b=t2.b, you can create a composite index on columns a and b in table t1.
- Columns having filter criteria (especially scope criteria) of a WHERE clause.
- Columns that appear after ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and DISTINCT
Partitioned tables do not support partial index creation (when indexes contain the GLOBAL or LOCAL keyword or the created index is a GLOBAL index). If the GLOBAL or LOCAL keyword is declared during index creation, the index of the corresponding type is created. Otherwise, if the partition name is specified during index creation, the LOCAL index is created. If a unique index contains non-partition keys, a GLOBAL index is created. If a unique index contains all partition keys, a LOCAL index is created. Otherwise, a GLOBAL index is created by default.
Precautions
- Indexes consume storage and computing resources. Creating too many indexes has negative impact on database performance (especially the performance of data import. Therefore, you are advised to import the data before creating indexes). Therefore, create indexes only when they are necessary.
- All functions and operators used in an index definition must be immutable, that is, their results must depend only on their parameters and never on any outside influence (such as the contents of another table or the current time). This restriction ensures that the behavior of the index is well-defined. To use a user-defined function in an index or WHERE clause, mark it as an immutable function.
- Partitioned table indexes are classified into local indexes and global indexes. A local index binds to a specific partition, and a global index corresponds to the entire partitioned table.
- A user granted with the CREATE ANY INDEX permission can create indexes in both the public and user schemas.
- If a user-defined function is called in the expression index, the expression index function is executed based on the permission of the function creator.
- Data of the XML type cannot be used as common indexes, unique indexes, global indexes, local indexes, or partial indexes.
- Only B-tree and UB-tree indexes can be created online. Only common indexes of non-partitioned tables, as well as global and local indexes of partitioned tables can be created. PCR UB-tree indexes, level-2 partitions, and GSIs are not supported. Only common indexes, global indexes, and local indexes of Astore and Ustore can be created online in parallel.
Syntax
- Create an index on a table.
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] [ IF NOT EXISTS ] [ [schema_name.] index_name ] ON table_name [ USING method ] ({ { column_name [ ( length ) ] | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] }[, ...] ) [ INCLUDE ( column_name [, ...] ) ] [ WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] ) ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] { [ COMMENT 'string' ] [ ... ] } [ { VISIBLE | INVISIBLE } ] [ WHERE predicate ];
- Create an index on a partitioned table.
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] [ [schema_name.] index_name ] ON table_name [ USING method ] ( { { column_name [ ( length ) ] | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS LAST ] } [, ...] ) [ LOCAL [ ( { PARTITION index_partition_name [ FOR { partition_name | ( partition_value [, ...] ) } ] [ TABLESPACE index_partition_tablespace ] [ ( [SUBPARTITION index_subpartition_name] [ FOR { partition_name | ( partition_value [, ...] ) } ] [ TABLESPACE index_partition_tablespace ] [, ...] ) ] [, ...] } ) ] | GLOBAL ] [ INCLUDE ( column_name [, ...] ) ] [ WITH ( { storage_parameter = value } [, ...] ) ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] { [ COMMENT 'string' ] [ ... ] } [ { VISIBLE | INVISIBLE } ];
Parameters
- UNIQUE
Creates a unique index. In this way, the system checks whether new values are unique in the index column. Attempts to insert or update data which would result in duplicate entries will generate an error.
Currently, only B-tree indexes and UB-tree indexes support unique indexes.
- CONCURRENTLY
Creates an index (with ShareUpdateExclusiveLock) in a mode that does not block DML statements. When an index is created, other statements cannot access the table on which the index depends. If this keyword is specified, DML is not blocked during the creation.
- This option can only specify a name of one index.
- The CREATE INDEX statement can be run within a transaction, but CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot.
- For temporary tables, you can use CONCURRENTLY to create indexes. However, indexes are created in blocking mode because no other sessions concurrently access the temporary tables and the blocking mode is more cost-effective.
NOTE:
- This keyword is specified when an index is created. Astore needs to scan the entire table twice to build it. During the first scan, an index is created and the read and write operations are not blocked. During the second scan, changes that have occurred since the first scan are merged and updated. Ustore needs to scan the entire table only once. During the scan, the data generated by concurrent DML operations is inserted into the temporary table index_oid_cctmp. After the scan is complete, the data in the temporary table is merged to the primary index and the temporary table is deleted, the index is created. You can use the GUC parameter delete_cctmp_table to specify whether to delete temporary tables after indexes are created online. The default value of this parameter is on, indicating that temporary tables are deleted by default. If this parameter is set to off, temporary tables are retained.
- For Astore, the table needs to be scanned and built twice, and all existing transactions that may modify the table must be completed. This means that the creation of the index takes a longer time than normal. In addition, the CPU and I/O consumption also affects other services. Although the Ustore only needs to scan the entire table once to create indexes, the preceding consumption also exists.
- Exceptions may occur during online index creation (for example, manual cancellation, duplicate UNIQUE index key values, insufficient resources, thread startup failure, and lock timeout). As a result, online index creation fails. In this case, indexes in the not valid state may be retained to avoid occupying system resources. The system automatically clears the failed indexes. Before clearing the failed indexes, wait until the transaction in the table ends. If a long transaction exists, the system may keep waiting. If you cancel the thread, the failed indexes remain. Particularly, if the user cancels the online index creation thread, the process of clearing the failed indexes is started first. If the user cancels the thread again, the process of clearing the failed indexes is ended, and the failed indexes remain. For critical errors, such as FATAL, PANIC, and database faults, you need to manually clear indexes and temporary tables. If both online index creation and automatic residual clearing fail, indexes that are not valid are retained. The residual indexes may be ready or not ready (depending on the phase in which the online index creation fails. For example, the index failed in the first phase is not ready, and the index failed in the third phase is ready). If the residual indexes are ready, the DML statements still maintain the residual indexes. During the maintenance, other errors may occur (for example, the size of the index column exceeds the maximum value or the unique index constraint is violated). To prevent residual indexes from occupying system resources and generating unexpected errors, you need to manually delete them as soon as possible.
- For Astore, after the second scan, index creation must wait for any transaction that holds a snapshot earlier than the snapshot taken by the second scan to end. In addition, the ShareUpdateExclusiveLock (level 4) added during index creation conflicts with a lock whose level is greater than or equal to 4. Therefore, when such an index is created, the system is prone to hang or deadlock. Example:
- If two sessions create an index by using CONCURRENTLY for the same table, a deadlock occurs.
- If a session creates an index by using CONCURRENTLY for a table and the other session drops a table, a deadlock occurs.
- There are three sessions. Session 1 locks table a and does not commit it. Session 2 creates an index by using CONCURRENTLY for table b. Session 3 writes data to table a. Before the transaction of session 1 is committed, session 2 is blocked.
- The transaction isolation level is set to repeatable read (read committed by default). Two sessions are started. Session 1 writes data to table a and does not commit it. Session 2 creates an index by using CONCURRENTLY for table b. Before the transaction of session 1 is committed, session 2 is blocked.
- When the I/O and CPU resources are not limited, the service performance deterioration caused by online index creation can be controlled within 10%. However, in special scenarios, the service performance deterioration may exceed 10%. This is because online index creation is a long transaction that consumes a large number of I/O and CPU resources. It consumes more resources than offline index creation. The longer the online index creation transaction lasts, the greater the impact on service performance. The time for creating indexes online is positively correlated with the data volume of base tables and the data volume generated by concurrent DML statements. When the I/O and CPU resources are not limited, the time for creating indexes online is about two to six times that for creating indexes offline. However, when the number of concurrent transactions is large (> 10000 TPS) or resource contention occurs, the time may be even longer. If a long transaction exists during online index creation, the long transaction running time must be added. In Astore and Ustore modes, you can create indexes in parallel to shorten the index creation time. The performance of online parallel index creation increases to a certain value and becomes stable as the number of parallel worker threads increases. Compared with the performance of creating indexes in serial mode, the performance of creating indexes in parallel online is improved by about 30%. You are advised to create indexes online during off-peak hours to avoid great impact on services. In addition, do not execute long transactions during online index creation. Although online index creation provides the capability of uninterrupted services to some extent, it still needs to be implemented with caution.
- When a UNIQUE index is created online (by using CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY), the table is scanned to check whether the data in the table is unique. If the data in the table is not unique, an error is reported and the online index creation exits. During online index creation, whether data in the table is unique may change. Whether the creation fails depends on whether duplicate data is scanned. Consider the following situations: 1. Tuple A and tuple B are inserted during table scanning, and their index columns are the same. If both tuple A and tuple B are scanned during online index scanning, a uniqueness violation may be reported. However, if tuple B is deleted later, in this case, an error may be reported during online index creation, indicating that the uniqueness is violated. However, after the online index creation fails and exits, the data in the table is found to be unique. 2. During online index creation, if tuple A is inserted, deleted, and then inserted, and SnapshotNow is used to scan the table, tuple A may be scanned twice, which may violate the uniqueness constraint. During online index creation, Astore uses SnapshotMVCC to scan tables, and Ustore uses SnapshotNow to scan tables.
- IF NOT EXISTS
When IF NOT EXISTS is specified, the system checks whether a relationship with the same name already exists in the current schema before creating an index. It is not created and a NOTICE is returned if a relationship with the same name already exists. When IF NOT EXISTS is not specified and a relationship with the same name exists in the schema, an ERROR is returned.
- schema_name
Specifies the schema name.
Value range: an existing schema name
- index_name
Specifies the name of the index to be created. The schema of the index is the same as that of the table.
Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.
- table_name
Specifies the name of the table to be indexed (optionally schema-qualified).
Value range: an existing table name
- USING method
Specifies the name of the index method to be used.
Value range:
- btree: B-tree indexes store key values of data in a B+ tree structure. This structure helps users to quickly search for indexes. B-tree is applicable to comparison query and range query.
- ubtree: Multi-version B-tree index used only for Ustore tables. The index page contains transaction information and can be recycled. By default, the INSERTPT function is enabled for UB-tree indexes.
Row-store tables (Astore storage engine) support the following index types: btree (default). Row-store tables (Ustore) support the index type: ubtree.
NOTICE:
B-tree and UB-tree are closely related to the table storage type Astore or Ustore. When an index is created, if the specified index type does not correspond to the main table, the index type is automatically converted.
- column_name
Specifies the name of the column on which an index is to be created.
Multiple columns can be specified if the index method supports multi-column indexes. A global index supports a maximum of 31 columns, and other indexes support a maximum of 32 columns.
- column_name ( length )
Creates a prefix key index based on a column in the table. column_name indicates the column name of the prefix key, and length indicates the prefix length.
The prefix key uses the prefix of the specified column data as the index key value, which reduces the storage space occupied by the index. Indexes can be used for partial filter and join conditions that contain prefix key columns.
NOTE:
- The prefix key supports the following index methods: btree and ubtree.
- The data type of the prefix key column must be binary or character (excluding special characters).
- The prefix length must be a positive integer that does not exceed 2676 and cannot exceed the maximum length of the column. For the binary type, the prefix length is measured in bytes. For non-binary character types, the prefix length is measured in characters. The actual length of the key value is restricted by the internal page. If a column contains multi-byte characters or an index has multiple keys, the length of the index line may exceed the upper limit. As a result, an error is reported. Consider this situation when setting a long prefix length.
- In the CREATE INDEX syntax, the following keywords cannot be used as prefix keys for column names: COALESCE, EXTRACT, GREATEST, LEAST, LNNVL, NULLIF, NVL, NVL2, OVERLAY, POSITION, REGEXP_LIKE, SUBSTRING, TIMESTAMPDIFF, TREAT, TRIM, XMLCONCAT, XMLELEMENT, XMLEXISTS, XMLFOREST, XMLPARSE, XMLPI, XMLROOT and XMLSERIALIZE.
- The prefix key is a special expression key. Some constraints and restrictions that are not described are the same as those of the expression key. For details, see the description of the expression index.
- expression
Specifies an expression based on one or more columns of the table. The expression usually must be written with surrounding parentheses, as shown in the syntax. However, the parentheses can be omitted if the expression has the form of a function call.
Expression can be used to obtain fast access to data based on some transformation of the basic data. For example, an index computed on upper(col) would allow the clause WHERE upper(col) = 'JIM' to use an index.
If an expression contains IS NULL, the index for this expression is invalid. In this case, you are advised to create a partial index.
- COLLATE collation
Assigns a collation to the column (which must be of a collatable data type). If no collation is specified, the default collation is used. You can run the SELECT * FROM pg_collation command to query collation rules from the pg_collation system catalog. The default collation rule is the row starting with default in the query result.
- opclass
Specifies the name of an operator class. An operator class can be specified for each column of an index. The operator class identifies the operators to be used by the index for that column. For example, a B-tree index on the type int4 would use int4_ops; this operator class includes comparison functions for values of type int4. In practice, the default operator class for the column's data type is sufficient. The operator class applies to data with multiple sorts. For example, users might want to sort a complex-number data type either by absolute value or by real part. They could do this by defining two operator classes for the data type and then selecting the proper class when making an index.
- ASC
Specifies an ascending (default) sort order.
- DESC
Specifies a descending sort order.
- NULLS FIRST
Specifies that null values appear before non-null values in the sort ordering. This is the default when DESC is specified.
- NULLS LAST
Specifies that null values appear after non-null values in the sort ordering. This is the default when DESC is not specified.
- LOCAL
Specifies that the partitioned index to be created is a local index.
- GLOBAL
Specifies the partitioned index to be created as a global index. If no keyword is specified, a global index is created by default.
- INCLUDE ( column_name [, ...] )
The optional INCLUDE clause specifies that some non-key columns are included in indexes. Non-key columns cannot be used as search criteria for accelerating index scans, and they are omitted when the UNIQUE constraints of the indexes are checked.
An index-only scan can directly return content in the non-key columns without accessing the heap table corresponding to the indexes.
Exercise caution when adding non-key columns as INCLUDE columns, especially for wide columns. If the size of an index tuple exceeds the maximum size allowed by the index type, data insertion fails. Note that in any case, adding non-key columns to an index increases the space occupied by the index, which may slow down the search speed.
Currently, only UB-tree indexes access mode supports this feature. Non-key columns are stored in the index leaf tuple corresponding to the heap tuple and are not included in the tuple on the upper-layer index page.
- PARTITION clause
The syntax for specifying level-1 partition information is as follows:
PARTITION index_partition_name [ FOR { partition_name | ( partition_value [, ...] ) } ] [ TABLESPACE index_partition_tablespace ]
The syntax for specifying level-2 partition information is as follows:
SUBPARTITION index_subpartition_name [ FOR { partition_name | ( partition_value [, ...] ) } ] [ TABLESPACE index_partition_tablespace ]
If for partition_name or partition_value is specified in the PARTITION clause, the created partitioned index has the sparsely partitioned index attribute. If for partition_name or partition_value is not specified, the number of PARTITION clauses must be the same as the number of partitions in the target table.
NOTE:
- The sparsely partitioned index can be created only on a single partition.
- The sparsely partitioned index supports only B-tree and UB-tree indexes.
- The sparsely partitioned index does not support the UNIQUE attribute.
- The created sparsely partitioned index contains the sparsely_partitioned=true option. Note that the CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement cannot be used to explicitly specify a non-sparsely partitioned index as a sparsely partitioned index in this option. If the created index is a sparsely partitioned index, sparsely_partitioned=false will be ignored.
- If a version earlier than 505.0.0 is upgraded to 505.0.0 or later, sparsely partitioned indexes cannot be created during upgrade observation.
- If the specified partition does not exist during the sparsely partitioned index creation for partition_value and the partitioned table supports automatic partitioning, a new partition is created and the sparsely partitioned index is created in the new partition. The autonomous transaction solution is used to create a partition. After the primary transaction is rolled back due to an exception, the new partition may still exist.
- PARTITION index_partition_name
Specifies the name of an index partition.
Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.
- SUBPARTITION index_subpartition_name
Specifies the name of a level-2 index partition.
Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.
- FOR partition_name
Specifies the name of the target partition. If the specified partition does not exist, an error is reported.
- FOR (partition_value [, ...])
Specifies the value of the specified partition key. The level-1 partition key values are placed in the partition key value FOR list of the level-1 partition, and the level-2 partition key values are placed in the partition key value FOR list of the level-2 partition. If there are multiple columns of partition keys, specify multiple partition_value values.
- TABLESPACE index_partition_tablespace
Specifies the tablespace of an index partition.
Value range: If this parameter is not specified, the value of index_tablespace is used.
- WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] )
Specifies the storage parameter used for an index.
Value range:
For indexes other than Psort, you can also set it to FILLFACTOR. Only UB-tree indexes support INDEXSPLIT. Only non-partitioned B-tree indexes support the DEDUPLICATION parameter. Only UB-tree indexes support the INDEX_TXNTYPE parameter.- STORAGE_TYPE
Storage engine type of the table where the index is located. If storage_type specified by the index conflicts with the index type, the storage engine type is automatically changed to the correct one. Only B-tree and UB-tree are supported. This parameter can be specified only once.
Value range: USTORE (The table where the index is located uses the in-place update storage engine.) and ASTORE (The table where the index is located uses the append-only storage engine.)
Default value: USTORE for Ustore tables and ASTORE for Astore tables.
- FILLFACTOR
The fill factor of an index is a percentage from 10 to 100. In the scenario where a large number of concurrent insertions are performed and the key value range is dense, the contention of the same index page is high during the insertion. Therefore, a smaller fill factor is more appropriate.
Value range: 10–100
- INDEXSPLIT
Specifies the splitting policy of UB-tree indexes. The DEFAULT policy is the same as the splitting policy of B-tree indexes. The INSERTPT policy can significantly reduce the index space usage in some scenarios.
Value range: INSERTPT and DEFAULT
Default value: INSERTPT
- INDEX_TXNTYPE
Specifies the UB-tree index type (only UB-tree indexes support INDEX_TXNTYPE). When the value is PCR, flashback queries can be performed using UB-tree. PCR UB-tree indexes do not support online index creation, GSIs, ultimate RTO replay, and read on standby. If INDEX_TXNTYPE is not specified, the GUC parameter index_txntype specifies the type of the index to be created. INDEX_TXNTYPE cannot be modified by using ALTER INDEX INDEX_NAME SET (INDEX_TXNTYPE=PCR or RCR).
Type: character string (case insensitive)
Value range: RCR and PCR
Default value: RCR
For example:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t2_b_pkey ON t(b) WITH(index_txntype='pcr');
- ACTIVE_PAGES
Specifies the number of index pages, which may be less than the actual number of physical file pages and can be used for optimization. Currently, this parameter is valid only for the local index of the Ustore partitioned table and will be updated by VACUUM and ANALYZE (including AUTOVACUUM). You are advised not to manually set this parameter.
- DEDUPLICATION
Specifies whether to deduplicate and compress tuples with duplicate key values. This is an index parameter. When there are a large number of indexes with duplicate key values, enabling this parameter can effectively reduce the space occupied by indexes. This parameter does not take effect for primary key indexes and unique indexes. If non-unique indexes are used and the index key value duplication rate is low or the index key values are unique, enabling this parameter will slightly deteriorate the index insertion performance. Currently, local and global indexes of partitioned tables are not supported.
Value range: Boolean value. The default value is the value of the enable_default_index_deduplication GUC parameter (the default value is off).
- stat_state
Determines whether index statistics are locked. If locked, the index statistics cannot be updated.
Value range: locked and unlock.
Default value: unlock.
- enable_tde
Specifies whether the index is encrypted. If the index is encrypted, the database automatically encrypts the data in the encrypted index before storing it. Before using this parameter, ensure that the TDE function has been enabled using the GUC parameter enable_tde, the information for accessing the key service has been set using the GUC parameter tde_key_info, and the enable_tde attribute has been set for the base table. For details about how to use this parameter, see section "Transparent Data Encryption" in Feature Guide. This parameter supports only B-tree and UB-tree indexes. Other indexes such as hash indexes are not supported.
Value range: on and off If enable_tde is set to on, the values of key_type, tde_cmk_id, and dek_cipher are automatically generated in the database.
Default value: off
- encrypt_algo
Specifies the algorithm for encrypting indexes. This parameter must be used together with enable_tde.
Value range: a string. The value can be AES_128_CTR or SM4_CTR.
Default value: null if enable_tde is not set, or AES_128_CTR if enable_tde is set.
- dek_cipher
Specifies the DEK ciphertext. After you set the enable_tde parameter for an index, the index automatically copies the dek_cipher parameter in the base table. This parameter cannot be set or modified.
Value range: a string
Default value: null
- key_type
Specifies the type of the master key. After you set the enable_tde parameter for a table, the index automatically copies the key_type parameter of the base table. This parameter cannot be set or modified.
Default value: null
- cmk_id
Specifies the ID of the master key. After you set the enable_tde parameter for a table, the index automatically copies the cmk_id parameter of the base table. This parameter cannot be set or modified.
Value range: a string
Default value: null
- LPI_PARALLEL_METHOD
Index parameter, which is used to set the parallel creation mode of local indexes for partitioned tables.
Type: string
Value range: PAGE, PARTITION, and AUTO PAGE creates indexes for pages in parallel. Multiple subthreads are started to scan and sort data. Each subthread processes a data page at a time. After scanning and sorting, the main thread combines the sorting results in serial mode and inserts tuples into the indexes. PARTITION concurrently creates indexes at the partition level and starts multiple subthreads. Each subthread scans, sorts, and inserts indexes into a partition. AUTO estimates the cost of parallel index creation at the page level and partition level based on the partitioned table statistics, and selects the parallel index creation mode with a lower cost. (The statistics may be different from the actual data, resulting in inaccurate calculation results.)
Default value: PAGE
Setting suggestion: Set this parameter to PARTITION if the partitioned table data is evenly distributed in each partition. This parameter supports only the B-tree local index of Astore partitioned tables. It does not support the global index of partitioned tables, non-partitioned table indexes, segment-page table indexes, or online index creation.
For example:
CREATE INDEX idx ON tbl(col) WITH (lpi_parallel_method = 'partition');
- STORAGE_TYPE
- TABLESPACE tablespace_name
Specifies the tablespace for an index. If no tablespace is specified, the default tablespace is used.
Value range: an existing table name
- WHERE predicate
Creates a partial index. A partial index is an index that contains entries for only a portion of a table, usually a portion that is more useful for indexing than the rest of the table. For example, if you have a table that contains both billed and unbilled orders where the unbilled orders take up a small fraction of the total table and yet that is an often used portion, you can improve performance by creating an index on just that portion. In addition, WHERE with UNIQUE can be used to enforce uniqueness over a subset for a table.
Value range: The predicate expression can only refer to columns of the underlying table, but it can use all columns, not just the ones being indexed. Currently, subqueries and aggregate expressions are forbidden in WHERE. You are advised not to use numeric types such as int for predicate, because such types can be implicitly converted to bool values (non-zero values are implicitly converted to true and 0 is implicitly converted to false), which may cause unexpected results.
For a partitioned table index, if the created index contains the GLOBAL keyword or the created index is a GLOBAL index, the WHERE clause cannot be used to create an index.
- COMMENT 'string'
COMMENT 'string' is used to add comments to an index.
NOTICE:
- This clause is valid only when sql_compatibility is set to 'B'.
- An index-level comment can contain a maximum of 1024 characters.
- VISIBLE
Sets the index to be visible. This is the default option.
NOTE:
- VISIBLE can be set only in an A-compatible database (that is, sql_compatibility set to 'A').
- When disable_keyword_options is set to "visible", this keyword cannot be used.
- This keyword is not supported in the upgrade uncommitted phase.
- INVISIBLE
Sets the index to be invisible.
NOTE:
- INVISIBLE can be set only in an A-compatible database (that is, sql_compatibility set to 'A').
- When disable_keyword_options is set to "invisible", this keyword cannot be used.
- This keyword is not supported in the upgrade uncommitted phase.
Examples
- Common index
-- Create the tbl_test1 table. gaussdb=# CREATE TABLE tbl_test1( id int, -- User ID name varchar(50), -- Username postcode char(6) -- Postal code ); -- Create the tbs_index1 tablespace. gaussdb=# CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_index1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'test_tablespace/tbs_index1'; -- Create the idx_test1 index for the tbl_test1 table and specify a tablespace. gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX idx_test1 ON tbl_test1(name) TABLESPACE tbs_index1; -- Query information about the idx_test1 index. gaussdb=# SELECT indexname,tablename,tablespace FROM pg_indexes WHERE indexname = 'idx_test1'; indexname | tablename | tablespace -----------+-----------+------------ idx_test1 | tbl_test1 | tbs_index1 (1 row) -- Delete the index. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_test1; -- Drop the tablespace. gaussdb=# DROP TABLESPACE tbs_index1;
- Unique index
-- Create the unique index idx_test2 for the tbl_test1 table. gaussdb=# CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_test2 ON tbl_test1(id); -- Query index information. gaussdb=# \d tbl_test1 Table "public.tbl_test1" Column | Type | Modifiers ----------+-----------------------+----------- id | integer | name | character varying(50) | postcode | character(6) | Indexes: "idx_test2" UNIQUE, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default -- Delete the index. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_test2;
- Expression index
-- Create an expression index for the tbl_test1 table. gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX idx_test3 ON tbl_test1(substr(postcode,2)); -- Query index information. gaussdb=# \d tbl_test1 Table "public.tbl_test1" Column | Type | Modifiers ----------+-----------------------+----------- id | integer | name | character varying(50) | postcode | character(7) | Indexes: "idx_test3" btree (substr(postcode::text, 2)) TABLESPACE pg_default -- Delete the index. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_test3;
- Partial index
-- Create an index for data whose ID is not empty in the tbl_test1 table. gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX idx_test4 ON tbl_test1(id) WHERE id IS NOT NULL; -- Delete the index. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_test4; -- Delete the table. gaussdb=# DROP TABLE tbl_test1;
- Partitioned index
-- Create a table. gaussdb=# CREATE TABLE student(id int, name varchar(20)) PARTITION BY RANGE (id) ( PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (200), PARTITION pmax VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) ); -- Create a local partitioned index without specifying the index partition name. gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX idx_student1 ON student(id) LOCAL; -- Check the index partition information. It is found that the number of local index partitions is the same as the number of table partitions. gaussdb=# SELECT relname FROM pg_partition WHERE parentid = 'idx_student1'::regclass; relname ------------- p1_id_idx pmax_id_idx (2 rows) -- Delete the local partitioned index. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_student1; -- Create a global index. gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX idx_student2 ON student(name) GLOBAL; -- Check the index partition information. It is found that the number of global index partitions is different from the number of table partitions. gaussdb=# SELECT relname FROM pg_partition WHERE parentid = 'idx_student2'::regclass; relname --------- (0 rows) -- Delete the global partitioned index. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_student2; -- Create a local expression index without specifying the index partition name. gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX idx_student3 ON student(lower(name)) LOCAL; -- Check the index partition information. It is found that the number of local index partitions is the same as the number of table partitions. gaussdb=# SELECT relname FROM pg_partition WHERE parentid = 'idx_student3'::regclass; relname ------------- p1_id_idx pmax_id_idx (2 rows) -- Delete the expression index of the LOCAL partition. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_student3; -- Create a global expression index. gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX idx_student4 ON student(lower(name)) GLOBAL; -- Check the index partition information. It is found that the number of global expression index partitions is different from the number of table partitions. gaussdb=# SELECT relname FROM pg_partition WHERE parentid = 'idx_student4'::regclass; relname --------- (0 rows) -- Delete the expression index of the global partition. gaussdb=# DROP INDEX idx_student4; -- Delete the table. gaussdb=# DROP TABLE student;
Helpful Links
Suggestions
- create index
Constraints:
- An index of an ordinary table supports a maximum of 32 columns. A GLOBAL index of a partitioned table supports a maximum of 31 columns.
- The size of a single index cannot exceed the size of the index page (8 KB). The size of a B-tree or UB-tree cannot exceed one-third of the page size.
- Partial indexes cannot be created in a partitioned table.
- When a GLOBAL index is created on a partitioned table, the following constraints apply:
- Expression indexes and partial indexes are not supported.
- Only B-tree indexes are supported.
- In the same attribute column, the local index and global index of a partition cannot coexist.
- If the ALTER statement does not contain UPDATE GLOBAL INDEX, the original global index is invalid. In this case, other indexes are used for query. If the ALTER statement contains UPDATE GLOBAL INDEX, the original global index is still valid and the index function is correct.
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