Authentication of Signature in a URL

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class SignDemo {

    private static final String SIGN_SEP = "\n";

    private static final String OBS_PREFIX = "x-obs-";

    private static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING = "UTF-8";

    private static final List<String> SUB_RESOURCES = Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(
            "CDNNotifyConfiguration", "acl", "append", "attname", "backtosource", "cors", "customdomain", "delete",
            "deletebucket", "directcoldaccess", "encryption", "inventory", "length", "lifecycle", "location", "logging",
            "metadata", "mirrorBackToSource", "modify", "name", "notification", "obscompresspolicy", 
            "partNumber", "policy", "position", "quota","rename", "replication", "response-cache-control", 
            "response-content-disposition","response-content-encoding", "response-content-language", "response-content-type", 
            "response-expires","restore", "storageClass", "storagePolicy", "storageinfo", "tagging", "torrent", "truncate",
            "uploadId", "uploads", "versionId", "versioning", "versions", "website", "x-image-process",
            "x-image-save-bucket", "x-image-save-object", "x-obs-security-token", "object-lock", "retention"));

    private String ak;

    private String sk;

    private boolean isBucketNameValid(String bucketName) {
        if (bucketName == null || bucketName.length() > 63 || bucketName.length() < 3) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!Pattern.matches("^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9.-]+$", bucketName)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (Pattern.matches("(\\d{1,3}\\.){3}\\d{1,3}", bucketName)) {
            return false;
        }

        String[] fragments = bucketName.split("\\.");
        for (int i = 0; i < fragments.length; i++) {
            if (Pattern.matches("^-.*", fragments[i]) || Pattern.matches(".*-$", fragments[i])
                    || Pattern.matches("^$", fragments[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    public String encodeUrlString(String path) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        return URLEncoder.encode(path, DEFAULT_ENCODING)
                .replaceAll("\\+", "%20")
                .replaceAll("\\*", "%2A")
                .replaceAll("%7E", "~");
    }

    public String encodeObjectName(String objectName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        String[] tokens = objectName.split("/");
        for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
            result.append(this.encodeUrlString(tokens[i]));
            if (i < tokens.length - 1) {
                result.append("/");
            }
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    private String join(List<?> items, String delimiter) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) {
            String item = items.get(i).toString();
            sb.append(item);
            if (i < items.size() - 1) {
                sb.append(delimiter);
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private boolean isValid(String input) {
        return input != null && !input.equals("");
    }

    public String hmacSha1(String input) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        SecretKeySpec signingKey = new SecretKeySpec(this.sk.getBytes(DEFAULT_ENCODING), "HmacSHA1");
        Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA1");
        mac.init(signingKey);
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(mac.doFinal(input.getBytes(DEFAULT_ENCODING)));
    }

    private String stringToSign(String httpMethod, Map<String, String[]> headers, Map<String, String> queries,
                                String bucketName, String objectName, long expires) throws Exception { 
        String contentMd5 = ""; 
        String contentType = "";  
        TreeMap<String, String> canonicalizedHeaders = new TreeMap<String, String>(); 
        String key; 
        List<String> temp = new ArrayList<String>(); 
        for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry : headers.entrySet()) { 
            key = entry.getKey(); 
            if (key == null || entry.getValue() == null || entry.getValue().length == 0) { 
                continue; 
            } 
            key = key.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 
            if (key.equals("content-md5")) { 
                contentMd5 = entry.getValue()[0]; 
                continue; 
            } 
            if (key.equals("content-type")) { 
                contentType = entry.getValue()[0]; 
                continue; 
            } 
            if (key.startsWith(OBS_PREFIX)) { 
                for (String value : entry.getValue()) { 
                    if (value != null) { 
                        temp.add(value.trim()); 
                    } 
                } 
                canonicalizedHeaders.put(key, this.join(temp, ",")); 
                temp.clear(); 
            } 
        } 
        // handle method/content-md5/content-type
        StringBuilder stringToSign = new StringBuilder();
        stringToSign.append(httpMethod).append(SIGN_SEP)
                .append(contentMd5).append(SIGN_SEP)
                .append(contentType).append(SIGN_SEP)
                .append(expires).append(SIGN_SEP);


        // handle canonicalizedHeaders
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : canonicalizedHeaders.entrySet()) {
            stringToSign.append(entry.getKey()).append(":").append(entry.getValue()).append(SIGN_SEP);
        }


        // handle CanonicalizedResource
        stringToSign.append("/");
        if (this.isValid(bucketName)) {
            stringToSign.append(bucketName).append("/");
            if (this.isValid(objectName)) {
                stringToSign.append(this.encodeObjectName(objectName));
            }
        }

        TreeMap<String, String> canonicalizedResource = new TreeMap<String, String>();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : queries.entrySet()) {
            key = entry.getKey();
            if (key == null) {
                continue;
            }

            if (SUB_RESOURCES.contains(key)) {
                canonicalizedResource.put(key, entry.getValue());
            }
        }

        if (canonicalizedResource.size() > 0) {
            stringToSign.append("?");
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : canonicalizedResource.entrySet()) {
                stringToSign.append(entry.getKey());
                if (this.isValid(entry.getValue())) {
                    stringToSign.append("=").append(entry.getValue());
                }
                stringToSign.append("&");
            }
            stringToSign.deleteCharAt(stringToSign.length() - 1);
        }
        //		System.out.println(String.format("StringToSign:%s%s", SIGN_SEP, stringToSign.toString()));

        return stringToSign.toString();
    }

    public String querySignature(String httpMethod, Map<String, String[]> headers, Map<String, String> queries, 
                                  String bucketName, String objectName, long expires) throws Exception { 
         if (!isBucketNameValid(bucketName)) { 
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("the bucketName is illegal"); 
         } 
         //1. stringToSign 
         String stringToSign = this.stringToSign(httpMethod, headers, queries, bucketName, objectName, expires); 
  
         //2. signature 
         return this.encodeUrlString(this.hmacSha1(stringToSign)); 
     } 

    public String getURL(String endpoint, Map<String, String> queries,
                         String bucketName, String objectName, String signature, long expires) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        StringBuilder URL = new StringBuilder();
        URL.append("https://").append(bucketName).append(".").append(endpoint).append("/").
                append(this.encodeObjectName(objectName)).append("?");
        String key;
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : queries.entrySet()) {
            key = entry.getKey();
            if (key == null) {
                continue;
            }
            if (SUB_RESOURCES.contains(key)) {
                String value = entry.getValue();
                URL.append(key);
                if (value != null) {
                    URL.append("=").append(value).append("&");
                } else {
                    URL.append("&");
                }
            }
        }
        URL.append("AccessKeyId=").append(this.ak).append("&Expires=").append(expires).
                append("&Signature=").append(signature);
        return URL.toString();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SignDemo demo = new SignDemo();

        /* Hard-coded or plaintext AK and SK are risky. For security purposes, encrypt your AK and SK and store them in the configuration file or environment variables.
        In this example, the AK and SK are stored in environment variables for identity authentication. Before running the code in this example, configure environment variables HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK and HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK. */
	demo.ak = System.getenv("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
	demo.sk = System.getenv("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
        String endpoint = "<your-endpoint>";

        String bucketName = "bucket-test";
        String objectName = "hello.jpg";

        // A header cannot be included if you want to use a URL to access OBS with a browser. If a header is added to headers, the signature does not match. To use headers, it must be processed by the client.
        Map<String, String[]> headers = new HashMap<String, String[]>();
        Map<String, String> queries = new HashMap<String, String>();

        // Expiration time. Set it to expire in 24 hours.
        long expires = (System.currentTimeMillis() + 86400000L) / 1000;
        String signature = demo.querySignature("GET", headers, queries, bucketName, objectName, expires);
        System.out.println(signature);
        String URL = demo.getURL(endpoint, queries, bucketName, objectName, signature, expires);
        System.out.println(URL);
    }
}