Lettuce

Prerequisites

• A DCS Redis instance has been created and is in the Running state.
• View the IP address/domain name and port number of the DCS Redis instance to be accessed.

  For details, see Viewing Instance Details.

• An ECS has been created. For details about how to create an ECS, see Purchasing an ECS.
• If the ECS runs the Linux OS, ensure that the Java compilation environment has been installed on the ECS.

Pom Configuration

<!-- Enable Spring Data Redis, Lettuce-supported SDK is integrated by default -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.properties Configuration

• Single-node, master/standby, read/write splitting, and Proxy Cluster

  #Redis host
  spring.redis.host=<host>
  #Redis port
  spring.redis.port=<port>
  #Redis database number
  spring.redis.database=0
  #Redis password
  spring.redis.password=<password>
  #Redis read/write timeout
  spring.redis.timeout=2000

• Redis Cluster

  #Redis Cluster node information
  spring.redis.cluster.nodes=<ip:port>,<ip:port>,<ip:port>
  #Redis Cluster max redirecting times
  spring.redis.cluster.max-redirects=3
  #Redis Cluster node password
  spring.redis.password=<password>
  #Redis Cluster timeout
  spring.redis.timeout=2000
  #Enable adaptive topology refresh
  spring.redis.lettuce.cluster.refresh.adaptive=true
  #Enable topology refresh every 10 seconds
  spring.redis.lettuce.cluster.refresh.period=10S

Bean Configuration

• Configuration for single-node, master/standby, read/write splitting, and Proxy Cluster instances

  import java.time.Duration;
  
  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceClientConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
  
  import io.lettuce.core.ClientOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.SocketOptions;
  
  /**
  * Lettuce non-pooling configuration (use either this or the application.properties configuration)
  */
  @Configuration
  public class RedisConfiguration {
  
      @Value("${redis.host}")
      private String redisHost;
  
      @Value("${redis.port:6379}")
      private Integer redisPort = 6379;
  
      @Value("${redis.database:0}")
      private Integer redisDatabase = 0;
  
      @Value("${redis.password:}")
      private String redisPassword;
  
      @Value("${redis.connect.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisConnectTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.read.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisReadTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Bean
      public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration) {
  
          RedisStandaloneConfiguration standaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
          standaloneConfiguration.setHostName(redisHost);
          standaloneConfiguration.setPort(redisPort);
          standaloneConfiguration.setDatabase(redisDatabase);
          standaloneConfiguration.setPassword(redisPassword);
  
          LettuceConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new LettuceConnectionFactory(standaloneConfiguration, clientConfiguration);
          connectionFactory.setDatabase(redisDatabase);
          return connectionFactory;
      }
  
      @Bean
      public LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {
  
          SocketOptions socketOptions = SocketOptions.builder().connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisConnectTimeout)).build();
  
          ClientOptions clientOptions = ClientOptions.builder()
                  .autoReconnect(true)
                  .pingBeforeActivateConnection(true)
                  .cancelCommandsOnReconnectFailure(false)
                  .disconnectedBehavior(ClientOptions.DisconnectedBehavior.ACCEPT_COMMANDS)
                  .socketOptions(socketOptions)
                  .build();
  
          LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration = LettuceClientConfiguration.builder()
                  .commandTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisReadTimeout))
                  .clientOptions(clientOptions)
                  .build();
          return clientConfiguration;
      }
  }

• Pooling configuration for single-node, master/standby, read/write splitting, and Proxy Cluster instances
  Enable the pooling component

  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
      <version>2.11.1</version>
  </dependency>

  Code

  import java.time.Duration;
  
  import org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPoolConfig;
  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceClientConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettucePoolingClientConfiguration;
  
  import io.lettuce.core.ClientOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.SocketOptions;
  
  /**
  * Lettuce pooling configuration
  */
  @Configuration
  public class RedisPoolConfiguration {
      @Value("${redis.host}")
      private String redisHost;
  
      @Value("${redis.port:6379}")
      private Integer redisPort = 6379;
  
      @Value("${redis.database:0}")
      private Integer redisDatabase = 0;
  
      @Value("${redis.password:}")
      private String redisPassword;
  
      @Value("${redis.connect.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisConnectTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.read.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisReadTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.minSize:50}")
      private Integer redisPoolMinSize = 50;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.maxSize:200}")
      private Integer redisPoolMaxSize = 200;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.maxWaitMillis:2000}")
      private Integer redisPoolMaxWaitMillis = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis:1800000}")
      private Integer redisPoolSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 30 * 60 * 1000;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis:60000}")
      private Integer redisPoolBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = 60 * 1000;
  
      @Bean
      public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration) {
  
          RedisStandaloneConfiguration standaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
          standaloneConfiguration.setHostName(redisHost);
          standaloneConfiguration.setPort(redisPort);
          standaloneConfiguration.setDatabase(redisDatabase);
          standaloneConfiguration.setPassword(redisPassword);
  
          LettuceConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new LettuceConnectionFactory(standaloneConfiguration, clientConfiguration);
          connectionFactory.setDatabase(redisDatabase);
          //Disable sharing native connection before enabling pooling
          connectionFactory.setShareNativeConnection(false);
          return connectionFactory;
      }
  
      @Bean
      public LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {
  
          SocketOptions socketOptions = SocketOptions.builder().connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisConnectTimeout)).build();
  
          ClientOptions clientOptions = ClientOptions.builder()
                  .autoReconnect(true)
                  .pingBeforeActivateConnection(true)
                  .cancelCommandsOnReconnectFailure(false)
                  .disconnectedBehavior(ClientOptions.DisconnectedBehavior.ACCEPT_COMMANDS)
                  .socketOptions(socketOptions)
                  .build();
  
          LettucePoolingClientConfiguration poolingClientConfiguration = LettucePoolingClientConfiguration.builder()
                  .poolConfig(redisPoolConfig())
                  .commandTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisReadTimeout))
                  .clientOptions(clientOptions)
                  .build();
          return poolingClientConfiguration;
      }
  
      private GenericObjectPoolConfig redisPoolConfig() {
          GenericObjectPoolConfig poolConfig = new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
          //Minimum idle connections in the pool
          poolConfig.setMinIdle(redisPoolMinSize);
          //Maximum idle connections in the pool
          poolConfig.setMaxIdle(redisPoolMaxSize);
          //Maximum total connections in the pool
          poolConfig.setMaxTotal(redisPoolMaxSize);
          //Wait when pool is exhausted? Set to true to wait. To validate setMaxWait, it has to be true.
          poolConfig.setBlockWhenExhausted(true);
          //Max allowed time to wait for connection after pool is exhausted. The default value -1 indicates to wait indefinitely.
          poolConfig.setMaxWait(Duration.ofMillis(redisPoolMaxWaitMillis));
          //Set to true to enable connectivity test on creating connections. Default: false.
          poolConfig.setTestOnCreate(false);
          //Set to true to enable connectivity test on borrowing connections. Default: false. Set to false for heavy-traffic services to reduce overhead.
          poolConfig.setTestOnBorrow(true);
          //Set to true to enable connectivity test on returning connections. Default: false. Set to false for heavy-traffic services to reduce overhead.
          poolConfig.setTestOnReturn(false);
          //Indicates whether to check for idle connections. If this is set to false, idle connections are not evicted.
          poolConfig.setTestWhileIdle(true);
          //Idle duration after which a connection is evicted. If the actual duration is greater than this value and the maximum number of idle connections is reached, idle connections are directly evicted.
          poolConfig.setSoftMinEvictableIdleTime(Duration.ofMillis(redisPoolSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis));
          //Disable eviction policy MinEvictableIdleTimeMillis().
          poolConfig.setMinEvictableIdleTime(Duration.ofMillis(-1));
          //Interval for checking and evicting idle connections. Default: 60s.
          poolConfig.setTimeBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration.ofMillis(redisPoolBetweenEvictionRunsMillis));
          return poolConfig;
      }
  }

• Configuration for Redis Cluster instances

  import java.time.Duration;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.List;
  
  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceClientConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
  
  import io.lettuce.core.ClientOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.SocketOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.cluster.ClusterClientOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.cluster.ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions;
  
  /**
  * Lettuce Cluster non-pooling configuration (use either this or the application.properties configuration)
  */
  @Configuration
  public class RedisConfiguration {
  
      @Value("${redis.cluster.nodes}")
      private String redisClusterNodes;
  
      @Value("${redis.cluster.maxDirects:3}")
      private Integer redisClusterMaxDirects;
  
      @Value("${redis.password:}")
      private String redisPassword;
  
      @Value("${redis.connect.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisConnectTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.read.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisReadTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.cluster.topology.refresh.period.millis:10000}")
      private Integer redisClusterTopologyRefreshPeriodMillis = 10000;
  
      @Bean
      public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration) {
  
          RedisClusterConfiguration clusterConfiguration = new RedisClusterConfiguration();
  
          List<RedisNode> clusterNodes = new ArrayList<>();
          for (String clusterNodeStr : redisClusterNodes.split(",")) {
              String[] nodeInfo = clusterNodeStr.split(":");
              clusterNodes.add(new RedisNode(nodeInfo[0], Integer.valueOf(nodeInfo[1])));
          }
          clusterConfiguration.setClusterNodes(clusterNodes);
  
          clusterConfiguration.setPassword(redisPassword);
          clusterConfiguration.setMaxRedirects(redisClusterMaxDirects);
  
          LettuceConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new LettuceConnectionFactory(clusterConfiguration, clientConfiguration);
          return connectionFactory;
      }
  
      @Bean
      public LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {
  
          SocketOptions socketOptions = SocketOptions.builder().connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisConnectTimeout)).build();
  
          ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions topologyRefreshOptions = ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions.builder()
                  .enableAllAdaptiveRefreshTriggers()
                  .enablePeriodicRefresh(Duration.ofMillis(redisClusterTopologyRefreshPeriodMillis))
                  .build();
  
          ClusterClientOptions clientOptions = ClusterClientOptions.builder()
                  .autoReconnect(true)
                  .pingBeforeActivateConnection(true)
                  .cancelCommandsOnReconnectFailure(false)
                  .disconnectedBehavior(ClientOptions.DisconnectedBehavior.ACCEPT_COMMANDS)
                  .socketOptions(socketOptions)
                  .topologyRefreshOptions(topologyRefreshOptions)
                  .build();
  
          LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration = LettuceClientConfiguration.builder()
                  .commandTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisReadTimeout))
                  .clientOptions(clientOptions)
                  .build();
          return clientConfiguration;
      }
  }

• Pooling configuration for Redis Cluster instances
  Enable the pooling component

  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
      <version>2.11.1</version>
  </dependency>

  Code

  import java.time.Duration;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.List;
  
  import org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPoolConfig;
  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceClientConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
  import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettucePoolingClientConfiguration;
  
  import io.lettuce.core.ClientOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.SocketOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.cluster.ClusterClientOptions;
  import io.lettuce.core.cluster.ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions;
  
  /**
  * Lettuce pooling configuration
  */
  @Configuration
  public class RedisPoolConfiguration {
  
      @Value("${redis.cluster.nodes}")
      private String redisClusterNodes;
  
      @Value("${redis.cluster.maxDirects:3}")
      private Integer redisClusterMaxDirects;
  
      @Value("${redis.password:}")
      private String redisPassword;
  
      @Value("${redis.connect.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisConnectTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.read.timeout:2000}")
      private Integer redisReadTimeout = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.cluster.topology.refresh.period.millis:10000}")
      private Integer redisClusterTopologyRefreshPeriodMillis = 10000;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.minSize:50}")
      private Integer redisPoolMinSize = 50;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.maxSize:200}")
      private Integer redisPoolMaxSize = 200;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.maxWaitMillis:2000}")
      private Integer redisPoolMaxWaitMillis = 2000;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis:1800000}")
      private Integer redisPoolSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 30 * 60 * 1000;
  
      @Value("${redis.pool.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis:60000}")
      private Integer redisPoolBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = 60 * 1000;
  
      @Bean
      public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration) {
  
          RedisClusterConfiguration clusterConfiguration = new RedisClusterConfiguration();
  
          List<RedisNode> clusterNodes = new ArrayList<>();
          for (String clusterNodeStr : redisClusterNodes.split(",")) {
              String[] nodeInfo = clusterNodeStr.split(":");
              clusterNodes.add(new RedisNode(nodeInfo[0], Integer.valueOf(nodeInfo[1])));
          }
          clusterConfiguration.setClusterNodes(clusterNodes);
  
          clusterConfiguration.setPassword(redisPassword);
          clusterConfiguration.setMaxRedirects(redisClusterMaxDirects);
  
          LettuceConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new LettuceConnectionFactory(clusterConfiguration, clientConfiguration);
          //Disable native connection sharing before validating connection pool
          connectionFactory.setShareNativeConnection(false);
          return connectionFactory;
      }
  
      @Bean
      public LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {
  
          SocketOptions socketOptions = SocketOptions.builder().connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisConnectTimeout)).build();
  
          ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions topologyRefreshOptions = ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions.builder()
                  .enableAllAdaptiveRefreshTriggers()
                  .enablePeriodicRefresh(Duration.ofMillis(redisClusterTopologyRefreshPeriodMillis))
                  .build();
  
          ClusterClientOptions clientOptions = ClusterClientOptions.builder()
                  .autoReconnect(true)
                  .pingBeforeActivateConnection(true)
                  .cancelCommandsOnReconnectFailure(false)
                  .disconnectedBehavior(ClientOptions.DisconnectedBehavior.ACCEPT_COMMANDS)
                  .socketOptions(socketOptions)
                  .topologyRefreshOptions(topologyRefreshOptions)
                  .build();
  
          LettucePoolingClientConfiguration clientConfiguration = LettucePoolingClientConfiguration.builder()
                  .poolConfig(poolConfig())
                  .commandTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(redisReadTimeout))
                  .clientOptions(clientOptions)
                  .build();
          return clientConfiguration;
      }
  
      private GenericObjectPoolConfig poolConfig() {
          GenericObjectPoolConfig poolConfig = new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
          //Minimum connections in the pool
          poolConfig.setMinIdle(redisPoolMinSize);
          //Maximum idle connections in the pool
          poolConfig.setMaxIdle(redisPoolMaxSize);
          //Maximum total connections in the pool
          poolConfig.setMaxTotal(redisPoolMaxSize);
          //Wait when pool is exhausted? Set to true to wait. To validate setMaxWait, it has to be true.
          poolConfig.setBlockWhenExhausted(true);
          //Max allowed time to wait for connection after pool is exhausted. The default value -1 indicates to wait indefinitely.
          poolConfig.setMaxWait(Duration.ofMillis(redisPoolMaxWaitMillis));
          //Set to true to enable connectivity test on creating connections. Default: false.
          poolConfig.setTestOnCreate(false);
          //Set to true to enable connectivity test on borrowing connections. Default: false. Set to false for heavy-traffic services to reduce overhead.
          poolConfig.setTestOnBorrow(true);
          //Set to true to enable connectivity test on returning connections. Default: false. Set to false for heavy-traffic services to reduce overhead.
          poolConfig.setTestOnReturn(false);
          //Indicates whether to check for idle connections. If this is set to false, idle connections are not evicted.
          poolConfig.setTestWhileIdle(true);
          //Disable connection closure when the minimum idle time is reached.
          poolConfig.setMinEvictableIdleTime(Duration.ofMillis(-1));
          //Idle duration before a connection being evicted. If the actual duration is greater than this value and the maximum number of idle connections is reached, idle connections are directly evicted. MinEvictableIdleTimeMillis (default eviction policy) is no longer used.
          poolConfig.setSoftMinEvictableIdleTime(Duration.ofMillis(redisPoolSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis));
          //Interval for checking and evicting idle connections. Default: 60s.
          poolConfig.setTimeBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration.ofMillis(redisPoolBetweenEvictionRunsMillis));
  
          return poolConfig;
      }
  
  }

Parameter Description

Suggestion for Configuring DCS Instances

• Pooling connection

  Different from Jedis's BIO, the bottom layer of Lettuce communicates with Redis Server based on Netty's NIO. Combining persistent connections and queues, Lettuce sends and receives multiple requests and responses spontaneously with sequential sending and receiving features of TCP. A single connection supports 3000 to 5000 QPS, but you are not advised to allow more than 3000 QPS in production systems. Pooling is not supported by Lettuce, and is disabled by default in Spring Boot. To enable pooling, validate the commons-pool2 dependency and disable native connection sharing.

  By default, each Lettuce connection needs two thread pools, I/O thread pool and computation thread pool, to support I/O event reading and asynchronous event processing. If you configure connection pooling, each connection creates two thread pools, consuming high memory resources. Lettuce is strong at processing single connections based on its bottom-layer implementation, so you are not advised to use Lettuce with pooling.

• Topology refresh

  When connecting to a Redis Cluster instance, Lettuce randomly sends cluster nodes to the node list during initialization to obtain the distribution of cluster slots. Cluster topology structure changes when the cluster capacity is increased or decreased or a master/standby switchover occurs. Lettuce does not detect such changes by default. You can enable detection with the following configurations:

  • application.properties configuration

    #Enable adaptive topology refresh.
    spring.redis.lettuce.cluster.refresh.adaptive=true
    #Enable topology refresh every 10 seconds.
    spring.redis.lettuce.cluster.refresh.period=10S

  • API configuration

    ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions topologyRefreshOptions = ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions.builder()
        .enableAllAdaptiveRefreshTriggers()
        .enablePeriodicRefresh(Duration.ofMillis(redisClusterTopologyRefreshPeriodMillis))
        .build();
    
    ClusterClientOptions clientOptions = ClusterClientOptions.builder()
            ...
            ...
            .topologyRefreshOptions(topologyRefreshOptions)
            .build();

• Blast radius

  The bottom layer of Lettuce uses a combination of single persistent connection and request queue. Once network jitter or intermittent disconnection occurs or connection times out, all requests are affected. Especially when connection times out, an attempt is made to resend TCP pockets until timeout and connection drops. Requests do not recover until connections are reestablished. Requests accumulate during resending attempts. If upper-layer services time out in batches, or the resending timeout is too long in some OSs' kernels, the service system remains unavailable for a long time. Therefore, you are advised to use Jedis instead of Lettuce.