Help Center/ Data Warehouse Service / SQL Syntax Reference (8.1.3.x)/ TCL Syntax/ START TRANSACTION
Updated on 2025-09-18 GMT+08:00
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START TRANSACTION

Function

START TRANSACTION starts a transaction. If the isolation level, read/write mode, or deferrable mode is specified, a new transaction will have those characteristics. You can also specify them using SET TRANSACTION.

Precautions

None

Syntax

Format 1: START TRANSACTION

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START TRANSACTION
  [ 
    { 
       ISOLATION LEVEL { READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED | SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ }
       | { READ WRITE | READ ONLY }
     } [, ...] 
  ];

Format 2: BEGIN

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BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
  [ 
    { 
       ISOLATION LEVEL { READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED | SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ }
       | { READ WRITE | READ ONLY }
      } [, ...] 
  ];

Parameter Description

Table 1 START TRANSACTION parameters

Parameter

Description

Value Range

WORK | TRANSACTIO

Optional keyword in the BEGIN format, which does not affect the operation.

-

ISOLATION LEVEL

Transaction isolation level. This parameter determines the data that a transaction can view if other concurrent transactions exist.

NOTE:

The isolation level of a transaction cannot be reset after the first clause (INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, FETCH, COPY) for modifying data is executed in the transaction.
  • READ COMMITTED: Only committed data is read. The default value is READ COMMITTED.
  • READ UNCOMMITTED: DWS does not support READ UNCOMMITTED. If READ UNCOMMITTED is set, READ COMMITTED is executed instead.
  • REPEATABLE READ: Only the data committed before transaction start is read. Uncommitted data or data committed in other concurrent transactions cannot be read.
  • SERIALIZABLE: DWS does not support SERIALIZABLE. If SERIALIZABLE is set, REPEATABLE READ is executed instead.

READ WRITE | READ ONLY

Transaction access mode.

Read-write mode or read-only mode.

Examples

  • Start a transaction in default mode. 
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    START TRANSACTION;
SELECT * FROM tpcds.reason;
END;
  • Start a transaction with the isolation level being READ COMMITTED and the access mode being READ WRITE: 
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    START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED READ WRITE;
SELECT * FROM tpcds.reason;
COMMIT;

Helpful Links

COMMIT | END, ROLLBACK, SET TRANSACTION

Parent Topic: TCL Syntax