Help Center/ Data Replication Service/ Real-Time Synchronization/ Out of the Cloud/ From GaussDB(for MySQL) to GaussDB(DWS)
Updated on 2023-04-26 GMT+08:00
View PDF

From GaussDB(for MySQL) to GaussDB(DWS)

Supported Source and Destination Databases

Table 1 Supported databases

Source DB

Destination DB

GaussDB(for MySQL)

GaussDB(DWS) cluster

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to the DRS console.
  • Your account balance is greater than or equal to $0 USD.
  • For details about the DB types and versions supported by real-time synchronization, see Supported Databases.
  • If a subaccount is used to create a DRS task, ensure that an agency has been added. To create an agency, see Agency Management.

Suggestions

  • When a task is being started or in the full synchronization phase, do not perform DDL operations on the source database. Otherwise, the task may be abnormal.
  • To keep data consistency before and after the synchronization, ensure that no data is written to the destination database during the synchronization.
  • The success of database synchronization depends on environment and manual operations. To ensure a smooth synchronization, perform a synchronization trial before you start the synchronization to help you detect and resolve problems in advance.
  • Start your synchronization task during off-peak hours. A less active database is easier to synchronize successfully. If the data is fairly static, there is less likely to be any severe performance impacts during the synchronization.
    • If network bandwidth is not limited, the query rate of the source database increases by about 50 MB/s during full synchronization, and two to four CPUs are occupied.
    • To ensure data consistency, tables to be synchronized without a primary key may be locked for 3s.
    • The data being synchronized may be locked by other transactions for a long period of time, resulting in read timeout.
    • When DRS concurrently reads data from a database, it will use about 6 to 10 sessions. The impact of the connections on services must be considered.
    • If you read a table, especially a large table, during the full migration, the exclusive lock on that table may be blocked.
    • For more information about the impact of DRS on databases, see What Is the Impact of DRS on Source and Destination Databases?
  • Data-Level Comparison

    To obtain accurate comparison results, start data comparison at a specified time point during off-peak hours. If it is needed, select Start at a specified time for Comparison Time. Due to slight time difference and continuous operations on data, data inconsistency may occur, reducing the reliability and validity of the comparison results.

Precautions

Before creating a synchronization task, read the following notes:

  • You are advised to create an independent database account for DRS task connection to prevent task failures caused by database account password modification.
  • After changing the account passwords for the source or destination databases, modify the connection information in the DRS task as soon as possible to prevent automatic retry after a task failure. Automatic retry will lock the database accounts.
Table 2 Precautions

Type

Restrictions

Database permissions
  • The source database user must have the following permissions: SELECT, SHOW VIEW, EVENT, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION SLAVE, and REPLICATION CLIENT.
  • The destination database user must have the following permissions: INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CONNECT, CREATE, and REFERENCES.

Synchronization object
  • Only tables, indexes, and (primary key, null, not null) constraints can be synchronized. Views, foreign keys, stored procedures, triggers, functions, events, virtual columns, unique constraint, and unique index, cannot be synchronized.
  • Comment is supported in full synchronization mode, but not supported in incremental synchronization mode.
  • The following data types are not supported: XML, geometry, point, lineString, polygon, geometrycollection, multipoint, multilinestring, and multipolygon.
  • Tables with storage engine different to MyISAM and InnoDB cannot be synchronized.

Source database
  • The source database must be the primary node of the GaussDB(for MySQL) instance.
  • During the incremental synchronization, the binlog of the source database must be enabled and use the row-based format.
  • If the storage space is sufficient, store the source database binlog for as long as possible. The recommended retention period is three days.
  • If the expire_logs_days value of the source database is set to 0, the synchronization may fail.
  • Enable GTID for the source database. If GTID is not enabled for the source database, primary/standby switchover is not supported. DRS tasks will be interrupted and cannot be restored during a switchover.
  • The source database server-id must be set to a value ranging from 2 to 4294967296.
  • The source database name and table name cannot contain non-ASCII characters, or special characters '<`>/\

Destination database
  • The destination database is running properly.
  • The destination database must have sufficient disk space.
  • The time zone of the destination database must be the same as that of the source database.

Precautions
  • If the DCC does not support instances with 4 vCPUs and 8 GB memory or higher instance specifications, the synchronization task cannot be created.
  • Objects that have dependencies must be synchronized at the same time to avoid synchronization failure. Common association: Indexes reference tables.
  • If the network is reconnected within 30 seconds, real-time synchronization will not be affected. If the network is interrupted for more than 30 seconds, the synchronization task will fail.
  • Indexes can be synchronized, regardless of index types. After the synchronization, the index type becomes the default type.
  • If the character sets of the source and destination databases are different, data may be inconsistent or synchronization may fail.
  • If the data types are incompatible, the synchronization may fail.
  • Cascade operations cannot be performed on tables with foreign keys. If the foreign key index of a table is a common index, the table structure may fail to be created. You are advised to use a unique index.
  • The source database cannot be restored.
  • Binlogs cannot be forcibly deleted. Otherwise, the synchronization task fails.
  • The source database does not support the reset master or reset master to command, which may cause DRS task failures or data inconsistency.
  • During real-time synchronization, you can change the port number. If the synchronization task fails after the port is changed, you can retry the synchronization task.
  • During real-time synchronization, the IP address, account, and password cannot be changed.
  • During incremental synchronization, the following DDL operations are supported:
    • CREATE_TABLE, RENAME_TABLE, ADD_COLUMN, MODIFY_COLUMN, ALTER_COLUMN, DROP_CONSTRAINT, ADD_CONSTRAINT, CREATE_INDEX, DROP_INDEX and RENAME_INDEX are supported.
    • DROP_DATABASE, DROP_TABLE, TRUNCATE_TABLE, CREATE_VIEW and DROP_VIEW are not supported.
    • Tables can be created. For example: 
      create table `ddl_test` (id int, c1 varchar(25), primary key(id));
create table `ddl_test_gho` like `ddl_test`;
    • Columns in a table can be added and modified, but cannot be deleted. For example: 
      alter table `ddl_test` add column `c2` varchar(25); 
alter table `ddl_test` modify column `c1` varchar(50);
alter table `ddl_test` alter c1 set default 'xxx';
    • Table indexes can be modified. For example: 
      alter table `ddl_test` drop primary key; 
alter table `ddl_test` add primary key(id); 
alter table `ddl_test` add index  `ddl_test_uk`(id);
alter table `ddl_test` drop index `ddl_test_uk`;
    • In table-level synchronization, you can add columns, modify columns, and add primary keys and normal indexes. If you rename a column in many-to-one synchronization, you must stop services. Otherwise, data inconsistency may occur. For example: 
      alter table `ddl_test` modify column `c1` varchar(50);
    • During table-level synchronization, the renamed table may conflict with other tables in the destination database. As a result, the task fails. Currently, renaming table is not supported.
    • During database-level synchronization, you can create tables, rename tables, add columns, modify columns, and add primary keys and normal indexes.
    • The name of a table, column, or index to be added or modified cannot exceed 63 characters. Otherwise, the task fails.
    • If a primary key is added to a table that does not have a primary key in the source database, the DDL operation must contain the first column. Otherwise, the task fails.
  • During an incremental synchronization, database-level synchronization does not support online DDL, and table-level synchronization supports only online DDL generated by Alibaba Cloud DMS.
  • Set the expire_log_day parameter to a proper value to ensure that the binlog does not expire before data transfer resumes. This ensures that services can be recovered after interruption.

Procedure

  1. On the Data Synchronization Management page, click Create Synchronization Task.
  2. On the Create Synchronization Instance page, select a region and project, specify the task name, description, and the synchronization instance details, and click Create Now.

    • Task information description
      Figure 1 Synchronization task information
      Table 3 Task and recipient description

      Parameter

      Description

      Region

      The region where the synchronization instance is deployed. You can change the region.

      Project

      The project corresponds to the current region and can be changed.

      Task Name

      The task name must start with a letter and consist of 4 to 50 characters. It can contain only letters, digits, hyphens (-), and underscores (_).

      Description

      The description consists of a maximum of 256 characters and cannot contain special characters !=<>'&"\
    • Synchronization instance details
      Figure 2 Synchronization instance details
      Table 4 Synchronization instance settings

      Parameter

      Description

      Data Flow

      Select Out of the cloud.

      Source DB Engine

      Select GaussDB(for MySQL).

      Destination DB Engine

      Select GaussDB(DWS).

      Network Type

      The Public network is used as an example. Available options: Public network, VPC, VPN or Direct Connect

      Source DB Instance

      An available GaussDB(for MySQL) instance.

      Synchronization Instance Subnet

      Select the subnet where the synchronization instance is located. You can also click View Subnet to go to the network console to view the subnet where the instance resides.

      By default, the DRS instance and the destination DB instance are in the same subnet. You need to select the subnet where the DRS instance resides and ensure that there are available IP addresses. To ensure that the synchronization instance is successfully created, only subnets with DHCP enabled are displayed.

      Synchronization Mode
      • Full+Incremental

        This synchronization mode allows you to synchronize data in real time. After a full synchronization initializes the destination database, an incremental synchronization parses logs to ensure data consistency between the source and destination databases.

      NOTE:

      If you select Full+Incremental, data generated during the full synchronization will be continuously synchronized to the destination database, and the source remains accessible.
    • DRS instance specifications
      Figure 3 Specifications
      Table 5 Specifications

      Parameter

      Description

      Specifications

      DRS instance specifications. Different specifications have different performance upper limits. For details, see Real-Time Synchronization.

      NOTE:

      Currently, DRS supports specification upgrade only in MySQL-to-MySQL synchronization tasks with single-node DRS instances configured. Task specifications cannot be downgraded. For details, see Changing Specifications.
    • Enterprise Projects and Tags
      Figure 4 Enterprise projects and tags
      Table 6 Enterprise Projects and Tags

      Parameter

      Description

      Enterprise Project

      An enterprise project you would like to use to centrally manage your Global Accelerator resources. Select an enterprise project from the drop-down list. The default project is default. For more information about enterprise project, see Enterprise Management User Guide.

      To customize an enterprise project, click Enterprise in the upper right corner of the console. The Enterprise Management page is displayed. For details, see Creating an Enterprise Project in Enterprise Management User Guide.

      Tags
      • This setting is optional. Adding tags helps you better identify and manage your tasks. Each task can have up to 10 tags.
      • After a task is created, you can view its tag details on the Tags tab. For details, see Tag Management.

    If a task fails to be created, DRS retains the task for three days by default. After three days, the task automatically ends.

  3. On the Configure Source and Destination Databases page, wait until the synchronization instance is created. Then, specify source and destination database information and click Test Connection for both the source and destination databases to check whether they have been connected to the synchronization instance. After the connection tests are successful, select the check box before the agreement and click Next.

    Figure 5 Source database information
    Table 7 Source database settings

    Parameter

    Description

    DB Instance Name

    The GaussDB(for MySQL) instance you selected when creating the task. This parameter cannot be changed.

    Database Username

    The username for accessing the source database.

    Database Password

    The password for the database username.

    The username and password of the source database are encrypted and stored in the system and will be permanently deleted after the task is deleted.

    Figure 6 Destination database information
    Table 8 Destination database settings

    Parameter

    Description

    IP Address or Domain Name

    The IP address or domain name of the destination database.

    Port

    The port of the destination database. Range: 1 - 65535

    Database Username

    The username for accessing the destination database.

    Database Password

    The password for the database username.

    The IP address, username, and password of the destination database are encrypted and stored in the system. After the task is deleted, the information is permanently deleted.

  4. On the Set Synchronization Task page, select the synchronization object type and synchronization object. Click Next.

    Only whitelisted users can select Data Synchronization Topology and synchronize incremental DDL operations. To use these functions, submit a service ticket. In the upper right corner of the management console, choose Service Tickets > Create Service Ticket to submit a service ticket.

    Figure 7 Synchronization mode
    Table 9 Synchronization mode and object

    Parameter

    Description

    Flow Control

    You can choose whether to control the flow.

    • Yes

      You can customize the maximum migration speed.

      In addition, you can set the time range based on your service requirements. The traffic rate setting usually includes setting of a rate limiting time period and a traffic rate value. Flow can be controlled all day or during specific time ranges. The default value is All day. A maximum of three time ranges can be set, and they cannot overlap.

      The flow rate must be set based on the service scenario and cannot exceed 9,999 MB/s.

      Figure 8 Flow control
    • No
      The synchronization speed is not limited and the outbound bandwidth of the source database is maximally used, which will increase the read burden on the source database. For example, if the outbound bandwidth of the source database is 100 MB/s and 80% bandwidth is used, the I/O consumption on the source database is 80 MB/s.
      NOTE:
      • The flow control mode takes effect only in the full synchronization phase.
      • You can also change the flow control mode after creating a task. For details, see Modifying the Flow Control Mode.

    Synchronization Object Type

    Available options: Table structure, Data, and Constraint

    • Data is selected by default.
    • If Table structure is selected, the destination database cannot contain tables whose names are the same as the source tables to be synchronized.
    • If Table structure is not selected, the destination database must have tables that match the source tables, and the table structure must be the same as the selected source table structures.

    Incremental Conflict Policy

    The conflict policy refers to the conflict handling policy during incremental synchronization. By default, conflicts in the full synchronization phase are ignored.

    Data Synchronization Topology

    This parameter is available when Incremental DDLs is selected for Synchronize. Data synchronization supports multiple synchronization topologies. You can plan your synchronization instances based on service requirements. For details, see Data Synchronization Topologies.

    NOTE:

    Data Synchronization Topology can be selected only for whitelisted users. You need to submit a service ticket to apply for this function. In the upper right corner of the management console, choose Service Tickets > Create Service Ticket to submit a service ticket.

    Synchronize DDLs

    This parameter is available when Incremental DDLs is selected for Synchronize. Select DDL type for incremental synchronization. You can select Default or Custom based on your service requirements.

    • Default
      • During database-level synchronization, all DDL operations in the binlog related to database objects, except DDL related to permissions, are synchronized to the destination. Common DDL statements are CREATE_TABLE and RENAME_TABLE.
      • During table-level synchronization, only DDL operations in the binlog related to the selected tables are synchronized. Common DDL statements are ADD_COLUMN, MODIFY_COLUMN, and ALTER_COLUMN.
    • Custom: You can select the DDL type to be synchronized as required. The DDL types supported by different data flow types are displayed on the GUI.
    NOTE:
    • Only whitelisted users can synchronize incremental DDL operations. You need to submit a service ticket to apply for this function. In the upper right corner of the management console, choose Service Tickets > Create Service Ticket to submit a service ticket.
    • One-to-one and one-to-many scenarios: If the DDL usage of the source and destination databases must be consistent, high-risk DDLs must be synchronized. If you do not want a high-risk DDL to be performed in the destination, deselect the high-risk DDL to protect destination data. However, this may cause the synchronization to fail. However, filtering DDL may cause synchronization to fail, for example, column deletion.
    • Many-to-one scenarios: Synchronize only the Add Column operation, or tasks may fail or data may be inconsistent due to changes in destination tables.

    Synchronization Object

    The left pane displays the source database objects, and the right pane displays the selected objects. You can select Tables, Import object file, or Databases for Synchronization Object as required.

    • If the synchronization objects in source and destination databases have different names, you can map the source object name to the destination one. For details, see Mapping Object Names.
    • For details about how to import an object file, see Importing Synchronization Objects.
      NOTE:
      • To quickly select the desired database objects, you can use the search function.
      • If there are changes made to the source databases or objects, click in the upper right corner to update the objects to be synchronized.
      • If the object name contains spaces, the spaces before and after the object name are not displayed. If there are multiple spaces between the object name and the object name, only one space is displayed.
      • The name of the selected synchronization object cannot contain spaces.

  5. On the Data Processing page, select the table object to be processed, click Add in the Operation column, enter the column name, type, and operation type, confirm the information, and click Next. You can configure related rules by referring to Processing Data.

    Figure 9 Processing data
    • If you fill in a new column in serverName@database@table format, the new column and the primary key of the source table form a composite primary key.

  6. On the Check Task page, check the synchronization task.

    • If any check fails, review the cause and rectify the fault. After the fault is rectified, click Check Again.

      For details about how to handle check failures, see Checking Whether the Source Database Is Connected in Data Replication Service User Guide.

    • If all check items are successful, click Next.
      Figure 10 Pre-check

      You can proceed to the next step only when all checks are successful. If there are any items that require confirmation, view and confirm the details first before proceeding to the next step.

  7. On the displayed page, specify Start Time, Send Notification, SMN Topic, Synchronization Delay Threshold, and Stop Abnormal Tasks After, confirm that the configured information is correct, select the check box before the agreement, and click Submit to submit the task.

    Figure 11 Task startup settings
    Table 10 Task startup settings

    Parameter

    Description

    Started Time

    Set Start Time to Start upon task creation or Start at a specified time based on site requirements.

    NOTE:

    After a synchronization task is started, the performance of the source and destination databases may be affected. You are advised to start a synchronization task during off-peak hours.

    Send Notifications

    SMN topic. This parameter is optional. If an exception occurs during synchronization, the system will send a notification to the specified recipients.

    SMN Topic

    This parameter is available only after you enable Send Notifications and create a topic on the SMN console and add a subscriber.

    For details, see Simple Message Notification User Guide.

    Synchronization Delay Threshold

    During an incremental synchronization, a synchronization delay indicates a time difference (in seconds) of synchronization between the source and destination database.

    If the synchronization delay exceeds the threshold you specify, DRS will send alarms to the specified recipients. The value ranges from 0 to 3,600. To avoid repeated alarms caused by the fluctuation of delay, an alarm is sent only after the delay has exceeded the threshold for six minutes.

    NOTE:
    • If the delay threshold is set to 0, no notifications will be sent to the recipient.
    • In the early stages of an incremental synchronization, the synchronization delay is long because a large quantity of data is awaiting synchronization. In this case, no notifications will be sent.
    • Before setting the delay threshold, enable Send Notification.

    Stop Abnormal Tasks After

    Number of days after which an abnormal task is automatically stopped. The value must range from 14 to 100. The default value is 14.

    NOTE:

    Tasks in the abnormal state are still charged. If tasks remain in the abnormal state for a long time, they cannot be resumed. Abnormal tasks run longer than the period you set (unit: day) will automatically stop to avoid unnecessary fees.

  8. After the task is submitted, you can view and manage it on the Data Synchronization Management page.

    • You can view the task status. For more information about task status, see Task Statuses.
    • You can click in the upper-right corner to view the latest task status.
    • By default, DRS retains a task in the Configuration state for three days. After three days, DRS automatically deletes background resources, and the task status remains unchanged. When you restart the task configuration, DRS applies for resources again.

Parent topic: Out of the Cloud