Help Center/ Cloud Container Engine/ Best Practices/ Storage/ Expanding the Storage Space
Updated on 2024-11-12 GMT+08:00
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Expanding the Storage Space

The storage classes that can be expanded for CCE nodes are as follows:

Table 1 Capacity expansion methods

Type

Name

Purpose

Capacity Expansion Method

Node disk

System disk

A disk attached to a node for installing the operating system

Expanding System Disk Capacity

Data disk

The first data disk attached to a node for container engine and kubelet

Container storage

Pod container space

The base size of a container, which is, the upper limit of the disk space occupied by each pod (including the storage space occupied by container images)

Expanding the Capacity of a Data Disk Used by Pod (basesize)

PVC

Storage resources mounted to the containers

Expanding a PVC

Expanding System Disk Capacity

EulerOS 2.9 is used as the sample OS. There is only one partition (/dev/vda1) with a capacity of 50 GiB in the system disk /dev/vda, and then 50 GiB is added to the system disk. In this example, the additional 50 GiB is allocated to the existing /dev/vda1 partition.

  1. Expand the system disk capacity on the EVS console.

    Only the storage capacity of the EVS disk is expanded. You also need to perform the following steps to expand the partition and file system.

  2. Log in to the node and run the growpart command to check whether growpart has been installed.

    If the tool operation guide is displayed, the growpart has been installed. Otherwise, run the following command to install growpart:

    yum install cloud-utils-growpart

  3. Run the following command to view the total capacity of the system disk /dev/vda: 

    fdisk -l

    If the following information is displayed, the total capacity of /dev/vda is 100 GiB.

    [root@test-48162 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x78d88f0b

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *     2048 104857566 104855519  50G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/vgpaas-dockersys: 90 GiB, 96632569856 bytes, 188735488 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/vgpaas-kubernetes: 10 GiB, 10733223936 bytes, 20963328 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  4. Run the following command to check the capacity of the system disk partition /dev/vda1: 

    df -TH

    Information similar to the following is displayed:

    [root@test-48162 ~]# df -TH
Filesystem                    Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                      devtmpfs  1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G   13M  1.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1                     ext4      53G  3.3G   47G   7% /
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G   75M  1.8G   5% /tmp
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-dockersys  ext4       95G  1.3G   89G   2% /var/lib/docker
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-kubernetes ext4       11G   39M   10G   1% /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet
...

  5. Run the following command to extend the partition using growpart: 

    growpart System disk Partition number

    The partition number is 1 because there is only one /dev/vda1 partition in the system disk, as shown in the following command:

    growpart /dev/vda 1

    Information similar to the following is displayed:

    CHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=104855519 end=104857567 new: size=209713119 end=209715167

  6. Run the following command to extend the file system: 

    resize2fs Disk partition

    An example command is as follows:

    resize2fs /dev/vda1

    Information similar to the following is displayed:

    resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/vda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 7, new_desc_blocks = 13
The filesystem on /dev/vda1 is now 26214139 (4k) blocks long.

  7. Run the following command to view the new capacity of the /dev/vda1 partition: 

    df -TH

    Information similar to the following is displayed:

    [root@test-48162 ~]# df -TH
Filesystem                    Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                      devtmpfs  1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G   13M  1.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1                     ext4     106G  3.3G   98G   4% /
tmpfs                         tmpfs     1.8G   75M  1.8G   5% /tmp
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-dockersys  ext4       95G  1.3G   89G   2% /var/lib/docker
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-kubernetes ext4       11G   39M   10G   1% /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet
...

  8. Log in to the CCE console and click the cluster. In the navigation pane, choose Nodes. Click More > Sync Server Data in the row containing the target node.

Expanding Data Disk Capacity

The first data disk of a CCE node is composed of container engine and kubelet space by default. If either of them reaches full capacity, you can expand the disk space as needed.

In clusters of v1.21.10-r0, v1.23.8-r0, v1.25.3-r0, and later, CCE enables container engine (Docker/containerd) and kubelet to share the space of the first data disk. If the shared disk space is insufficient, you can expand it.

The available container engine space affects image pulls and container startup and running. This section uses containerd as an example to describe how to expand the container engine capacity.

  1. Expand the capacity of a data disk on the EVS console.

    Only the storage capacity of the EVS disk is expanded. You also need to perform the following steps to expand the capacity of the logical volume and file system.

  2. Log in to the CCE console and click the cluster. In the navigation pane, choose Nodes. Click More > Sync Server Data in the row containing the target node.
  3. Log in to the target node.
  4. Run the lsblk command to check the block device information of the node.

    A data disk is divided depending on the container storage Rootfs:

    Overlayfs: No independent thin pool is allocated. Image data is stored in dockersys.

    1. Check the disk and partition sizes of the device. 
      # lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                   8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─sda1                8:1    0   50G  0 part /
sdb                   8:16   0  150G  0 disk      # The data disk has been expanded to 150 GiB, but 50 GiB space is not allocated.
├─vgpaas-dockersys  253:0    0   90G  0 lvm  /var/lib/containerd
└─vgpaas-kubernetes 253:1    0   10G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet
    2. Expand the disk capacity.

      Add the new disk capacity to the dockersys logical volume used by the container engine.

      1. Expand the PV capacity so that LVM can identify the new EVS capacity. /dev/sdb specifies the physical volume where dockersys is located. 
        pvresize /dev/sdb

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
      2. Expand 100% of the free capacity to the logical volume. vgpaas/dockersys specifies the logical volume used by the container engine. 
        lvextend -l+100%FREE -n vgpaas/dockersys

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Size of logical volume vgpaas/dockersys changed from <90.00 GiB (23039 extents) to 140.00 GiB (35840 extents).
Logical volume vgpaas/dockersys successfully resized.
      3. Adjust the size of the file system. /dev/vgpaas/dockersys specifies the file system path of the container engine. 
        resize2fs /dev/vgpaas/dockersys

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Filesystem at /dev/vgpaas/dockersys is mounted on /var/lib/containerd; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 12, new_desc_blocks = 18
The filesystem on /dev/vgpaas/dockersys is now 36700160 blocks long.
    3. Check whether the capacity is expanded. 
      # lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                   8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─sda1                8:1    0   50G  0 part /
sdb                   8:16   0  150G  0 disk
├─vgpaas-dockersys  253:0    0   140G  0 lvm  /var/lib/containerd
└─vgpaas-kubernetes 253:1    0   10G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet

    Devicemapper: A thin pool is allocated to store image data.

    1. Check the disk and partition sizes of the device. 
      # lsblk
NAME                                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda                                   8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─vda1                                8:1    0   50G  0 part /
vdb                                   8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─vgpaas-dockersys                  253:0    0   18G  0 lvm  /var/lib/docker    
├─vgpaas-thinpool_tmeta             253:1    0    3G  0 lvm                   
│ └─vgpaas-thinpool                 253:3    0   67G  0 lvm                   # Space used by thinpool
│   ...
├─vgpaas-thinpool_tdata             253:2    0   67G  0 lvm  
│ └─vgpaas-thinpool                 253:3    0   67G  0 lvm  
│   ...
└─vgpaas-kubernetes                 253:4    0   10G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet
    2. Expand the disk capacity.

      Option 1: Add the new disk capacity to the thin pool disk.

      1. Expand the PV capacity so that LVM can identify the new EVS capacity. /dev/vdb specifies the physical volume where thinpool is located. 
        pvresize /dev/vdb

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Physical volume "/dev/vdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
      2. Expand 100% of the free capacity to the logical volume. vgpaas/thinpool specifies the logical volume used by the container engine. 
        lvextend -l+100%FREE -n vgpaas/thinpool

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Size of logical volume vgpaas/thinpool changed from <67.00 GiB (23039 extents) to <167.00 GiB (48639 extents).
Logical volume vgpaas/thinpool successfully resized.
      3. Do not need to adjust the size of the file system, because the thin pool is not mounted to any devices.
      4. Check whether the capacity is expanded. Run the lsblk command to check the disk and partition sizes of the device. If the new disk capacity has been added to the thin pool, the capacity is expanded. 
        # lsblk
NAME                                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda                                   8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─vda1                                8:1    0   50G  0 part /
vdb                                   8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─vgpaas-dockersys                  253:0    0   18G  0 lvm  /var/lib/docker    
├─vgpaas-thinpool_tmeta             253:1    0    3G  0 lvm                   
│ └─vgpaas-thinpool                 253:3    0   167G  0 lvm             # Thin pool space after capacity expansion
│   ...
├─vgpaas-thinpool_tdata             253:2    0   67G  0 lvm  
│ └─vgpaas-thinpool                 253:3    0   67G  0 lvm  
│   ...
└─vgpaas-kubernetes                 253:4    0   10G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet

      Option 2: Add the new disk capacity to the dockersys disk.

      1. Expand the PV capacity so that LVM can identify the new EVS capacity. /dev/vdb specifies the physical volume where dockersys is located. 
        pvresize /dev/vdb

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Physical volume "/dev/vdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
      2. Expand 100% of the free capacity to the logical volume. vgpaas/dockersys specifies the logical volume used by the container engine. 
        lvextend -l+100%FREE -n vgpaas/dockersys

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Size of logical volume vgpaas/dockersys changed from <18.00 GiB (4607 extents) to <118.00 GiB (30208 extents).
Logical volume vgpaas/dockersys successfully resized.
      3. Adjust the size of the file system. /dev/vgpaas/dockersys specifies the file system path of the container engine. 
        resize2fs /dev/vgpaas/dockersys

        Information similar to the following is displayed:

        Filesystem at /dev/vgpaas/dockersys is mounted on /var/lib/docker; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 15
The filesystem on /dev/vgpaas/dockersys is now 30932992 blocks long.
      4. Check whether the capacity is expanded. Run the lsblk command to check the disk and partition sizes of the device. If the new disk capacity has been added to the dockersys, the capacity is expanded. 
        # lsblk
NAME                                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda                                   8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─vda1                                8:1    0   50G  0 part /
vdb                                   8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─vgpaas-dockersys                  253:0    0   118G  0 lvm  /var/lib/docker     # dockersys after capacity expansion
├─vgpaas-thinpool_tmeta             253:1    0    3G  0 lvm                   
│ └─vgpaas-thinpool                 253:3    0   67G  0 lvm             
│   ...
├─vgpaas-thinpool_tdata             253:2    0   67G  0 lvm  
│ └─vgpaas-thinpool                 253:3    0   67G  0 lvm  
│   ...
└─vgpaas-kubernetes                 253:4    0   10G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet

The kubelet space serves as a temporary storage location for kubelet components and EmptyDir. You can follow the following steps to increase the kubelet capacity:

  1. Expand the capacity of a data disk on the EVS console.

    Only the storage capacity of the EVS disk is expanded. You also need to perform the following steps to expand the capacity of the logical volume and file system.

  2. Log in to the CCE console and click the cluster. In the navigation pane, choose Nodes. Click More > Sync Server Data in the row containing the target node.
  3. Log in to the target node.
  4. Run lsblk to view the block device information of the node. 

    # lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                   8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─sda1                8:1    0   50G  0 part /
sdb                   8:16   0  200G  0 disk       #The data disk has been expanded to 200 GiB, but 50 GiB space is not allocated.
├─vgpaas-dockersys  253:0    0  140G  0 lvm  /var/lib/containerd
└─vgpaas-kubernetes 253:1    0   10G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet

  5. Perform the following operations on the node to add the new disk capacity to the kubelet space:

    1. Expand the PV capacity so that LVM can identify the new EVS capacity. /dev/sdb specifies the physical volume where kubelet is located. 
      pvresize /dev/sdb

      Information similar to the following is displayed:

      Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
    2. Expand 100% of the free capacity to the logical volume. vgpaas/kubernetes specifies the logical volume used by kubelet. 
      lvextend -l+100%FREE -n vgpaas/kubernetes

      Information similar to the following is displayed:

      Size of logical volume vgpaas/kubernetes changed from <10.00 GiB (2559 extents) to <60.00 GiB (15359 extents).
Logical volume vgpaas/kubernetes successfully resized.
    3. Adjust the size of the file system. /dev/vgpaas/kubernetes specifies the file system path of the container engine. 
      resize2fs /dev/vgpaas/kubernetes

      Information similar to the following is displayed:

      Filesystem at /dev/vgpaas/kubernetes is mounted on /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/vgpaas/kubernetes is now 15727616 blocks long.

  6. Run lsblk to view the block device information of the node. 

    # lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                   8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─sda1                8:1    0   50G  0 part /
sdb                   8:16   0  200G  0 disk   
├─vgpaas-dockersys  253:0    0  140G  0 lvm  /var/lib/containerd
└─vgpaas-kubernetes 253:1    0   60G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas/kubernetes/kubelet  # Allocate the new disk to the kubelet space.

To expand the capacity of the disk shared by container engine and kubelet, perform the following steps:

  1. Expand the capacity of a data disk on the EVS console.

    Only the storage capacity of the EVS disk is expanded. You also need to perform the following steps to expand the capacity of the logical volume and file system.

  2. Log in to the CCE console and click the cluster. In the navigation pane, choose Nodes. Click More > Sync Server Data in the row containing the target node.
  3. Log in to the target node.
  4. Run lsblk to view the block device information of the node. 

    # lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─sda1           8:1    0   50G  0 part /
sdb              8:16   0  120G  0 disk   # The data disk has been expanded to 120 GiB, but 20 GiB space is not allocated.
└─vgpaas-share 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas # Space used by the container engine and the kubelet component

  5. Run the following commands on the node to add the new disk capacity to the shared disk:

    1. Expand the PV capacity so that LVM can identify the new EVS capacity. /dev/sdb specifies the physical volume where the shared disk is located. 
      pvresize /dev/sdb

      Information similar to the following is displayed:

      Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
    2. Expand 100% of the free capacity to the logical volume. vgpaas/share specifies the logical volume shared by the container engine and the kubelet component. 
      lvextend -l+100%FREE -n vgpaas/share

      Information similar to the following is displayed:

      Size of logical volume vgpaas/share changed from <100.00 GiB (25599 extents) to <120.00 GiB (30719 extents).
Logical volume vgpaas/share successfully resized.
    3. Adjust the size of the file system. /dev/vgpaas/share specifies the file system path of the shared disk. 
      resize2fs /dev/vgpaas/share

      Information similar to the following is displayed:

      Filesystem at /dev/vgpaas/share is mounted on /mnt/paas; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 13, new_desc_blocks = 15
The filesystem on /dev/vgpaas/share is now 31456256 blocks long.

  6. Run lsblk to view the block device information of the node. 

    # lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
└─sda1           8:1    0   50G  0 part /
sdb              8:16   0  120G  0 disk  
└─vgpaas-share 253:0    0  120G  0 lvm  /mnt/paas # Space of the new disk used by the container engine and the kubelet component

Expanding the Capacity of a Data Disk Used by Pod (basesize)

  1. Log in to the CCE console and click the cluster name to access the cluster console.
  2. Choose Nodes from the navigation pane.
  3. Click the Nodes tab, locate the row containing the target node, and choose More > Reset Node in the Operation column.

    Resetting a node may make the node-specific resources (such as local storage and workloads scheduled to this node) unavailable. Exercise caution when performing this operation to avoid impact on running services.

  4. Reconfigure node parameters.

    If you need to adjust the container storage space, pay attention to the following configurations:

    Storage Settings: Click Expand next to the data disk to set the following parameter:

    Space Allocation for Pods: indicates the base size of a pod. It is the maximum size that a workload's pods (including the container images) can grow to in the disk space. Proper settings can prevent pods from taking all the disk space available and avoid service exceptions. It is recommended that the value is less than or equal to 80% of the container engine space. This parameter is related to the node OS and container storage rootfs and is not supported in some scenarios.

  5. After the node is reset, log in to the node and check whether the container capacity has been expanded. The command output varies with the container storage rootfs.

    • Overlayfs: No independent thin pool is allocated. Image data is stored in dockersys. Run the following command to check whether the container capacity has been expanded:

      docker exec -it container_id /bin/sh or kubectl exec -it container_id /bin/sh

      df -h

      If the information similar to the following is displayed, the overlay capacity has been expanded from 10 GiB to 15 GiB.

      Filesystem                    Size   Used   Avail   Use%   Mounted on
overlay                        15G   104K     15G     1%   /
tmpfs                          64M      0     64M     0%   /dev
tmpfs                         3.6G      0    3.6G     0%   /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-share       98G   4.0G     89G     5%   /etc/hosts
...
    • Devicemapper: A thin pool is allocated to store image data. Run the following command to check whether the container capacity has been expanded:

      docker exec -it container_id /bin/sh or kubectl exec -it container_id /bin/sh

      df -h

      If the information similar to the following is displayed, the thin pool capacity has been expanded from 10 GiB to 15 GiB.

      Filesystem                            Size   Used   Avail   Use%   Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-thinpool-snap-84    15G   232M     15G     2%   /
tmpfs                                  64M      0     64M     0%   /dev
tmpfs                                 3.6G      0    3.6G     0%   /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-kubernetes          11G    41M     11G     1%   /etc/hosts
/dev/mapper/vgpaas-dockersys           20G   1.1G     18G     6%   /etc/hostname
...

Expanding a PVC

Cloud storage:

  • OBS and SFS: There is no storage restriction and capacity expansion is not required.
  • EVS:
    • You can expand the capacity of automatically created pay-per-use volumes on the console. The procedure is as follows:
      1. Choose Storage in the navigation pane. In the right pane, click the PVCs tab. Click More in the Operation column of the target PVC and select Scale-out.
      2. Enter the capacity to be added and click OK.
  • SFS Turbo: You can expand the capacity on the SFS console and then change the capacity in the PVC.
Parent Topic: Storage