更新时间:2024-02-07 GMT+08:00
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管理对象元数据

使用场景

元数据(Metadata)为描述对象属性的信息,是一组名称值对,用作对象管理的一部分。

当前仅支持系统定义的元数据。

系统定义的元数据又分为两种类别:系统控制和用户控制。如Last-Modified日期等数据由系统控制,不可修改;如为对象配置的ContentLanguage,用户可以通过接口进行修改。用户可控制修改的元数据描述如下:

表1 OBS的元数据

名称

说明

ContentDisposition

为请求的对象提供一个默认的文件名赋值给该对象,当下载对象或者访问对象时,以默认文件名命名的文件将直接在浏览器上显示或在访问时弹出文件下载对话框。

例如:元数据名称选择为“ContentDisposition”,元数据值填写为“attachment;filename="testfile.xls"”,当通过链接访问设置了该元数据的对象时,会直接弹出一个对象下载的对话框,且对象名称会被修改为“testfile.xls”。

详情请参见HTTP协议中关于ContentDisposition的定义。

ContentLanguage

说明访问者希望采用的语言或语言组合,以根据自己偏好的语言来定制。详情请参见HTTP协议中关于ContentLanguage的定义。

WebsiteRedirectLocation

为对象提供重定向功能,重定向到其他对象或者外部的URL。重定向功能通过静态网站托管实现。

例如,可根据如下步骤实现对象重定向功能。

  1. 为桶“testbucket”根目录下的对象“testobject.html”设置元数据,元数据名称选择为“WebsiteRedirectLocation”,元数据值填写为“http://www.example.com”
    说明:

    OBS仅支持为桶根目录下的对象设置重定向,不支持为桶中文件夹下的对象设置重定向。

  2. 在桶“testbucket”中配置静态网站托管,将该桶中的对象“testobject.html”设置为静态网站托管的“默认首页”。
  3. 当通过静态网站托管页面上的“访问地址”访问对象“testobject.html”时,会直接重定向访问http://www.example.com。

ContentEncoding

指定对象被下载时的内容编码格式,可以设置如下类型:

  • 标准定义:compress、deflate、exi、identity、gzip、pack200-gzip
  • 其他:br、bzip2、lzma 、peerdist、sdch、xpress、xz

CacheControl

指定对象被下载时的网页的缓存行为。

  • 可缓冲性:public、private、no-cache、only-if-cached
  • 到期时间:max-age=<seconds>、s-maxage=<seconds>、max-stale[=<seconds>]、min-fresh=<seconds>、stale-while-revalidate=<seconds>、stale-if-error=<seconds>
  • 重新验证和重新加载:must-revalidate、proxy-revalidate、immutable
  • 其他:no-store、no-transform

Expires

设置缓存过期时间(GMT)。

ContentType

设置对象的文件类型。

详情请参见对象元数据Content-Type介绍

  • 当桶开启多版本控制时,最新版本的对象支持设置元数据,历史版本的对象不支持设置元数据。
  • 对于存储类别为归档存储或深度归档存储的对象,不能对其设置对象的元数据。

对象元数据Content-Type介绍

使用控制台和工具上传到OBS中的对象,会根据对象的文件扩展名,自动匹配Content-Type值。使用浏览器访问对象时,会根据Content-Type类型来指定应用程序来打开。您可以根据对象的文件扩展来修改Content-Type。

调用API上传对象时,不会自动匹配Content-Type值,需要指定Content-Type值。

表2 常见的Content-Type类型

文件扩展名

Content-Type

文件扩展名

Content-Type

.*(二进制流,不知道下载文件类型)

application/octet-stream

.7z

application/x-7z-compressed

.001

application/x-001

.301

application/x-301

.323

text/h323

.906

application/x-906

.907

drawing/907

.a11

application/x-a11

.acp

audio/x-mei-aac

.ai

application/postscript

.aif

audio/aiff

.aifc

audio/aiff

.aiff

audio/aiff

.anv

application/x-anv

.asa

text/asa

.asf

video/x-ms-asf

.asp

text/asp

.asx

video/x-ms-asf

.au

audio/basic

.avi

video/avi

.awf

application/vnd.adobe.workflow

.biz

text/xml

.bmp

application/x-bmp

.bot

application/x-bot

.c4t

application/x-c4t

.c90

application/x-c90

.cal

application/x-cals

.cat

application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat

.cdf

application/x-netcdf

.cdr

application/x-cdr

.cel

application/x-cel

.cer

application/x-x509-ca-cert

.cg4

application/x-g4

.cgm

application/x-cgm

.cit

application/x-cit

.class

java/*

.cml

text/xml

.cmp

application/x-cmp

.cmx

application/x-cmx

.cot

application/x-cot

.crl

application/pkix-crl

.crt

application/x-x509-ca-cert

.csi

application/x-csi

.css

text/css

.cut

application/x-cut

.dbf

application/x-dbf

.dbm

application/x-dbm

.dbx

application/x-dbx

.dcd

text/xml

.dcx

application/x-dcx

.der

application/x-x509-ca-cert

.dgn

application/x-dgn

.dib

application/x-dib

.dll

application/x-msdownload

.doc

application/msword

.docx

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document

.drw

application/x-drw

.dot

application/msword

.dwf

Model/vnd.dwf

.dtd

text/xml

.dwg

application/x-dwg

.dwf

application/x-dwf

.dxf

application/x-dxf

.dxb

application/x-dxb

.emf

application/x-emf

.edn

application/vnd.adobe.edn

.ent

text/xml

.eml

message/rfc822

.eps

application/x-ps

.epi

application/x-epi

.etd

application/x-ebx

.eps

application/postscript

.fax

image/fax

.exe

application/x-msdownload

.fif

application/fractals

.fdf

application/vnd.fdf

.frm

application/x-frm

.fo

text/xml

.gbr

application/x-gbr

.g4

application/x-g4

.gif

image/gif

.

application/x-

.gp4

application/x-gp4

.gl2

application/x-gl2

.hmr

application/x-hmr

.hgl

application/x-hgl

.hpl

application/x-hpl

.hpg

application/x-hpgl

.hrf

application/x-hrf

.hqx

application/mac-binhex40

.htc

text/x-component

.hta

application/hta

.html

text/html

.htm

text/html

.htx

text/html

.htt

text/webviewhtml

.ico

image/x-icon

.icb

application/x-icb

.iff

application/x-iff

.ico

application/x-ico

.igs

application/x-igs

.ig4

application/x-g4

.img

application/x-img

.iii

application/x-iphone

.isp

application/x-internet-signup

.ins

application/x-internet-signup

.java

java/*

.IVF

video/x-ivf

.jpe

image/jpeg

.jfif

image/jpeg

.jpeg

image/jpeg

.jpe

application/x-jpe

.jpg

application/x-jpg

.jpg

image/jpeg

.jsp

text/html

.js

text/javascript

.lar

application/x-laplayer-reg

.la1

audio/x-liquid-file

.lavs

audio/x-liquid-secure

.latex

application/x-latex

.lmsff

audio/x-la-lms

.lbm

application/x-lbm

.ltr

application/x-ltr

.ls

application/x-javascript

.m2v

video/x-mpeg

.m1v

video/x-mpeg

.m4e

video/mpeg4

.m3u

audio/mpegurl

.man

application/x-troff-man

.mac

application/x-mac

.mdb

application/msaccess

.math

text/xml

.mfp

application/x-shockwave-flash

.mdb

application/x-mdb

.mhtml

message/rfc822

.mht

message/rfc822

.mid

audio/mid

.mi

application/x-mi

.mil

application/x-mil

.midi

audio/mid

.mnd

audio/x-musicnet-download

.mml

text/xml

.mocha

application/x-javascript

.mns

audio/x-musicnet-stream

.mp1

audio/mp1

.movie

video/x-sgi-movie

.mp2v

video/mpeg

.mp2

audio/mp2

.mp4

video/mp4

.mp3

audio/mp3

.mpd

application/vnd.ms-project

.mpa

video/x-mpg

.mpeg

video/mpg

.mpe

video/x-mpeg

.mpga

audio/rn-mpeg

.mpg

video/mpg

.mps

video/x-mpeg

.mpp

application/vnd.ms-project

.mpv

video/mpg

.mpt

application/vnd.ms-project

.mpw

application/vnd.ms-project

.mpv2

video/mpeg

.mtx

text/xml

.mpx

application/vnd.ms-project

.net

image/pnetvue

.mxp

application/x-mmxp

.nws

message/rfc822

.nrf

application/x-nrf

.out

application/x-out

.odc

text/x-ms-odc

.p12

application/x-pkcs12

.p10

application/pkcs10

.p7c

application/pkcs7-mime

.p7b

application/x-pkcs7-certificates

.p7r

application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp

.p7m

application/pkcs7-mime

.pc5

application/x-pc5

.p7s

application/pkcs7-signature

.pcl

application/x-pcl

.pci

application/x-pci

.pdf

application/pdf

.pcx

application/x-pcx

.pdx

application/vnd.adobe.pdx

.pfx

application/x-pkcs12

.pgl

application/x-pgl

.pic

application/x-pic

.pko

application/vnd.ms-pki.pko

.pl

application/x-perl

.plg

text/html

.pls

audio/scpls

.plt

application/x-plt

.png

image/png

.png

application/x-png

.pot

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

.ppa

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

.ppm

application/x-ppm

.pps

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

.ppt

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

.ppt

application/x-ppt

.pr

application/x-pr

.prf

application/pics-rules

.prn

application/x-prn

.prt

application/x-prt

.ps

application/x-ps

.ps

application/postscript

.ptn

application/x-ptn

.pwz

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

.r3t

text/vnd.rn-realtext3d

.ra

audio/vnd.rn-realaudio

.ram

audio/x-pn-realaudio

.ras

application/x-ras

.rat

application/rat-file

.rdf

text/xml

.rec

application/vnd.rn-recording

.red

application/x-red

.rgb

application/x-rgb

.rjs

application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjs

.rjt

application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjt

.rlc

application/x-rlc

.rle

application/x-rle

.rm

application/vnd.rn-realmedia

.rmf

application/vnd.adobe.rmf

.rmi

audio/mid

.rmj

application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmj

.rmm

audio/x-pn-realaudio

.rmp

application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package

.rms

application/vnd.rn-realmedia-secure

.rmvb

application/vnd.rn-realmedia-vbr

.rmx

application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmx

.rnx

application/vnd.rn-realplayer

.rp

image/vnd.rn-realpix

.rpm

audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin

.rsml

application/vnd.rn-rsml

.rt

text/vnd.rn-realtext

.rtf

application/msword

.rtf

application/x-rtf

.rv

video/vnd.rn-realvideo

.sam

application/x-sam

.sat

application/x-sat

.sdp

application/sdp

.sdw

application/x-sdw

.sit

application/x-stuffit

.slb

application/x-slb

.sld

application/x-sld

.slk

drawing/x-slk

.smi

application/smil

.smil

application/smil

.smk

application/x-smk

.snd

audio/basic

.sol

text/plain

.sor

text/plain

.spc

application/x-pkcs7-certificates

.spl

application/futuresplash

.spp

text/xml

.ssm

application/streamingmedia

.sst

application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore

.stl

application/vnd.ms-pki.stl

.stm

text/html

.sty

application/x-sty

.svg

text/svg+xml

.swf

application/x-shockwave-flash

.tdf

application/x-tdf

.tg4

application/x-tg4

.tga

application/x-tga

.tif

image/tiff

.tif

application/x-tif

.tiff

image/tiff

.tld

text/xml

.top

drawing/x-top

.torrent

application/x-bittorrent

.tsd

text/xml

.txt

text/plain

.uin

application/x-icq

.uls

text/iuls

.vcf

text/x-vcard

.vda

application/x-vda

.vdx

application/vnd.visio

.vml

text/xml

.vpg

application/x-vpeg005

.vsd

application/vnd.visio

.vsd

application/x-vsd

.vss

application/vnd.visio

.vst

application/vnd.visio

.vst

application/x-vst

.vsw

application/vnd.visio

.vsx

application/vnd.visio

.vtx

application/vnd.visio

.vxml

text/xml

.wav

audio/wav

.wax

audio/x-ms-wax

.wb1

application/x-wb1

.wb2

application/x-wb2

.wb3

application/x-wb3

.wbmp

image/vnd.wap.wbmp

.wiz

application/msword

.wk3

application/x-wk3

.wk4

application/x-wk4

.wkq

application/x-wkq

.wks

application/x-wks

.wm

video/x-ms-wm

.wma

audio/x-ms-wma

.wmd

application/x-ms-wmd

.wmf

application/x-wmf

.wml

text/vnd.wap.wml

.wmv

video/x-ms-wmv

.wmx

video/x-ms-wmx

.wmz

application/x-ms-wmz

.wp6

application/x-wp6

.wpd

application/x-wpd

.wpg

application/x-wpg

.wpl

application/vnd.ms-wpl

.wq1

application/x-wq1

.wr1

application/x-wr1

.wri

application/x-wri

.wrk

application/x-wrk

.ws

application/x-ws

.ws2

application/x-ws

.wsc

text/scriptlet

.wsdl

text/xml

.wvx

video/x-ms-wvx

.xdp

application/vnd.adobe.xdp

.xdr

text/xml

.xfd

application/vnd.adobe.xfd

.xfdf

application/vnd.adobe.xfdf

.xhtml

text/html

.xls

application/vnd.ms-excel

.xls

application/x-xls

.xlw

application/x-xlw

.xml

text/xml

.xpl

audio/scpls

.xq

text/xml

.xql

text/xml

.xquery

text/xml

.xsd

text/xml

.xsl

text/xml

.xslt

text/xml

.xwd

application/x-xwd

.x_b

application/x-x_b

.sis

application/vnd.symbian.install

.sisx

application/vnd.symbian.install

.x_t

application/x-x_t

.ipa

application/vnd.iphone

.apk

application/vnd.android.package-archive

.xap

application/x-silverlight-app

.zip

application/zip

.rar

application/x-rar-compressed

对象自定义元数据介绍

OBS支持用户使用以“x-obs-meta-”开头的消息头来加入自定义的元数据,以便对对象进行自定义管理。当用户获取此对象或查询此对象元数据时,加入的自定义元数据将会在返回的消息头中出现。自定义元数据大小限制为8K,计算方式为:每个键和值的UTF-8 编码中的字节总数来测量用户定义的元数据的大小。

自定义元数据的key值不区分大小写,OBS统一转为小写进行存储。value值区分大小写。

示例:

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PUT /key HTTP/1.1
Host: bucket01.obs.myhuaweicloud.com
x-obs-meta-Test1: Test Meta1

HEAD /Key HTTP/1.1
Host: bucket01.obs.myhuaweicloud.com
x-obs-meta-test1: Test Meta1

自定义元数据key-value对都必须符合US-ASCII。如果一定要使用非ASCII码或不可识别字符,需要客户端自行做编解码处理,可以采用URL编码或者Base64编码,服务端不会做解码处理。例如x-obs-meta-中文:中文 经URL编码后发送,“中文”的URL编码为:%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87,则响应为x-obs-meta-%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87: %E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87

示例:

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PUT /key HTTP/1.1
Host: bucket01.obs.myhuaweicloud.com
x-obs-meta-%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87: %E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87

HEAD /Key HTTP/1.1
Host: bucket01.obs.myhuaweicloud.com
x-obs-meta-%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87: %E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87

使用方式

OBS支持通过控制台、API、SDK、OBS Browser+、obsutil方式配置对象自定义元数据。

支持的使用方式

参考文档

控制台

可以在上传文件时在高级配置页配置元数据,也可以对桶中已有对象配置对象元数据

SDK

OBS支持多种语言SDK,请从SDK概述页面选择进入对应的开发指南查阅。

API

修改对象元数据

OBS Browser+

-

obsutil

上传对象

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