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文档首页/ 云搜索服务 CSS/ 用户指南/ 使用Elasticsearch搜索数据/ Elasticsearch集群监控与日志管理/ 配置Elasticsearch集群监控/ 配置Elasticsearch集群索引监控

配置Elasticsearch集群索引监控

更新时间：2024-10-12 GMT+08:00

场景描述

索引监控功能用以监测集群索引的运行状态和变化趋势，评估业务使用情况，并能够协助及时发现并处理潜在风险，确保集群稳定运行。索引监控会收集索引的stats信息，并将其存储在集群的监控索引（索引名称是“monitoring-eye-css-[yyyy-mm-dd]”）。默认情况下，这些监控索引将保留一周时间，过期会直接删除。

约束限制

仅Elasticsearch 7.6.2和Elasticsearch 7.10.2集群支持索引监控。
索引监控不会监控以“monitoring-eye-css-*”开头的索引，避免使用的该索引名称匹配到监控索引。
索引监控不允许删除“monitoring-eye-css-*”的index pattern，否则会导致监控图表异常。

访问集群

登录云搜索服务管理控制台。
在“集群管理”页面，选择需要访问的集群，单击操作列“Kibana”，登录Kibana页面。
选择左侧导航栏的“Dev Tools”，进入操作页面。

启用索引监控

执行如下命令，打开索引监控开关。

PUT _cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "css.monitoring.index.enabled": "true"
  }
}

当需要监控单个索引时，可以执行如下命令。

PUT _cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "css.monitoring.index.enabled": "true",
    "css.monitoring.index.interval": "30s",
    "css.monitoring.index.indices": ["index_name"],
    "css.monitoring.history.duration": "3d"
  }
}

表1 配置项说明
配置项	类型	说明
css.monitoring.index.enabled	Boolean	索引监控的控制开关，设置为true将打开集群索引监控功能。默认值：false
css.monitoring.index.interval	Time	索引监控采集数据的时间间隔。最小值：1s 默认值：10s
css.monitoring.index.indices	String	索引监控的索引名称，默认监控所有索引，可以配置监控单个索引，也可以配置通配符监控某一类索引。例如： “"css.monitoring.index.indices": ["index_name"]”表示只监控“index_name”索引。 “"css.monitoring.index.indices": ["log_"]”表示监控以“log_”开头的索引。 “"css.monitoring.index.indices": ["index1", "index2"]”表示监控“index1”和“index2”两个索引。默认值：（表示监控所有索引）
css.monitoring.history.duration	Time	监控数据存储的索引保留时间，默认保存一周。最小值：1d 默认值：7d

查看索引读写流量

当集群启用了索引监控后，支持查询一段时间内的索引读写流量。

执行如下命令，查看所有索引读写流量。
```
GET  /_cat/monitoring
```
执行如下命令，查看某一索引的读写流量。
```
GET  /_cat/monitoring/{indexname}
```
{indexName}为需要查看读写流量的索引名称。

执行如下命令，查看索引不同时间段的读写流量。

GET _cat/monitoring?begin=1650099461000
GET _cat/monitoring?begin=2022-04-16T08:57:41
GET _cat/monitoring?begin=2022-04-16T08:57:41&end=2022-04-17T08:57:41

表2 配置项说明
配置项	是否必选	说明
indexname	否	索引名称。说明：不支持查看系统索引，以“.”开头的索引是系统索引。
begin	否	查看监控的起始时间，UTC时间，默认是当前时间的前5分钟。支持时间格式：strict_date_optional_time\|epoch_millis 默认值：当前时间减去5分钟。
end	否	查看监控的结束时间，UTC时间，默认是当前时间。支持时间格式： strict_date_optional_time\|epoch_millis 默认值：当前时间。

返回信息示例：

index   begin               end                 status pri rep init unassign docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size delete.rate indexing.rate search.rate
test 2022-03-25T09:46:53.765Z 2022-03-25T09:51:43.767Z yellow  1   1  0    1     9         0      5.9kb        5.9kb         0/s           0/s         0/s

表3 返回信息的参数说明
参数	说明
index	索引名称。
begin	查看监控数据的起始时间。
end	查看监控数据的结束时间。
status	查询监控时间间隔内的索引状态。
pri	查询监控时间间隔内的索引的shard数量。
rep	查询监控时间间隔内的索引副本数量。
init	查询监控时间间隔内的索引的初始化数量。
unassign	查询监控时间间隔内的索引的未分配数量。
docs.count	查询监控时间间隔内的文档数量。
docs.deleted	查询监控时间间隔内的文档删除数量。
store.size	查询监控时间间隔内存储的索引大小。
pri.store.size	查询监控时间间隔内的索引主分片的大小。
delete.rate	监控时间间隔内的索引每秒删除数量。
indexing.rate	监控时间间隔内的索引每秒写入数量。
search.rate	监控时间间隔内的索引每秒查询数量。

通过Kibana图表查看索引监控

为了方便查看索引的监控信息，CSS服务的索引监控预置了Kibana的Dashboard和Visualizations图表。

登录云搜索服务管理控制台。
在“集群管理”页面，选择已创建的集群，单击操作列“Kibana”，登录Kibana界面。

通过预置Dashboard图表查看索引监控。

单击Kibana左侧导航栏的“Dashboard”，打开Dashboard界面。

单击 “[Monitoring] Index monitoring Dashboard”查看预置Dashboard。

图1 预置dashboard图表

预置dashboard展示集群的每秒读写数量和每秒读写数量前10的索引情况。

表4 预置图表说明
图表名称	说明
[monitoring] markdown	Markdown图表，简单说明dashboard表达的内容。
[monitoring] Indexing Rate (/s)	集群每秒写入文档数。
[monitoring] Search Rate (/s)	集群每秒查询次数。
[monitoring] indexing rate of index for top10	每秒写入文档数最多的Top10索引。
[monitoring] search rate of index for top10	每秒查询次数最多的Top10索引。
[monitoring] total docs count	集群总文档数量变化。
[monitoring] total docs delete	集群总的删除文档数量变化。
[monitoring] total store size in bytes	集群总文档所占用的存储空间变化。
[monitoring] indices store_size for top10	占用存储空间最多的Top10索引。
[monitoring] indices docs_count for top10	文档数量最多的Top10索引。
[monitoring] indexing time in millis of index for top10(ms)	单位时间内文档写入时延最大的Top10索引（ms）。
[monitoring] search query time in millis of index for top10(ms)	单位时间内索引查询时间最大的Top10索引（ms）。
[monitoring] segment count of index for top10	索引Segment数量最多的Top10索引。
[monitoring] segment memory in bytes of index for top10	索引Segment占用堆内存最大的Top10索引。

通过自定义Visualizations图表查看索引监控。
索引监控定期把index/stats信息存储到monitoring-eys-css索引中，通过使用kibana图表功能可以绘制自定义的图表。

下面以文档数据为例介绍通过图表查看文档数量的变化趋势的操作步骤。
1. 单击Kibana左侧导航栏的“Visualize”进入图形列表。
2. 单击“Create visualization”，选择“TSVB” ，进入TSVB绘图页面。
3. 设置图表参数，查看Visualizations。
  如图所示，在“Data”页签，配置参数。
  - “Field”选择“index_stats.primaries.docs.count”表示主分片的文档数量。
  - “Aggreation”选择“Derivative”表示聚合桶之间的差异，“Units”设置为“1s”表示使用每秒代替速率。
  - “Aggreation”选择“Positive Only”避免数字重置后出现负数。
  - 当需要区分不同索引的情况时，则将“Group by”设置为“Terms”，“By”设置为“index_stats.index”，最终得到的聚合结果将按照索引名称区分。
  - 当需要查看不同时间段的数据时，则需要将时间聚合间隔设置好，否则将导致数据显示不完整。在“Panel options”页签，将“Interval”设置为“1m”或“30m”，即可调整“timestamp”的时间间隔。
  图2 TSVB绘图页面
  
  图3 设置时间间隔
当出现索引监控图表不显示时，可以在Kibana重新导入图表加载监控视图。
说明：

如果安全模式的Elasticsearch集群无法查看到预置的Dashboard和Visualizations图表，建议先切换Private或Global空间查看。如果依旧无法看到再重新导入图表。
1. 参考kibana-monitor配置文件创建“monitoring-kibana.ndjson”文件。
2. 在Kibana页面，选择“Management > Stack Management > Saved objects”。
  图4 选择Saved objects
3. 单击“Import ”，选择上传5.a中创建的“monitoring-kibana.ndjson”文件。
  图5 上传文件
4. 上传完成选择“done”，索引监控图表即导入成功。
  图6 索引监控图表导入成功

kibana-monitor配置文件

kibana-monitor配置文件内容如下，建议保存为“monitoring-kibana.ndjson”文件。

{"attributes":{"description":"","kibanaSavedObjectMeta":{"searchSourceJSON":"{}"},"title":"[monitoring] segment memory in bytes of index for top10","uiStateJSON":"{}","version":1,"visState":"{\"title\":\"[monitoring] segment memory in bytes of index for top10\",\"type\":\"metrics\",\"aggs\":[],\"params\":{\"id\":\"61ca57f0-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"timeseries\",\"series\":[{\"id\":\"61ca57f1-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"color\":\"#68BC00\",\"split_mode\":\"terms\",\"split_color_mode\":\"kibana\",\"metrics\":[{\"id\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"max\",\"field\":\"index_stats.total.segments.memory_in_bytes\"}],\"separate_axis\":0,\"axis_position\":\"right\",\"formatter\":\"bytes\",\"chart_type\":\"line\",\"line_width\":1,\"point_size\":1,\"fill\":0.5,\"stacked\":\"none\",\"label\":\"segments memory in bytes \",\"type\":\"timeseries\",\"terms_field\":\"index_stats.index\",\"terms_order_by\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\"}],\"time_field\":\"timestamp\",\"index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"interval\":\"\",\"axis_position\":\"left\",\"axis_formatter\":\"number\",\"axis_scale\":\"normal\",\"show_legend\":1,\"show_grid\":1,\"tooltip_mode\":\"show_all\",\"default_index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"default_timefield\":\"timestamp\",\"isModelInvalid\":false}}"},"id":"3ae5d820-6628-11ed-8cd7-973626cf6f70","references":[],"type":"visualization","updated_at":"2022-12-01T12:41:01.165Z","version":"WzIwNiwyXQ=="}
{"attributes":{"description":"","kibanaSavedObjectMeta":{"searchSourceJSON":"{}"},"title":"[monitoring] segment count of index for top10","uiStateJSON":"{}","version":1,"visState":"{\"aggs\":[],\"params\":{\"axis_formatter\":\"number\",\"axis_position\":\"left\",\"axis_scale\":\"normal\",\"default_index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"default_timefield\":\"timestamp\",\"filter\":{\"language\":\"kuery\",\"query\":\"\"},\"id\":\"61ca57f0-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"interval\":\"\",\"isModelInvalid\":false,\"series\":[{\"axis_position\":\"right\",\"chart_type\":\"line\",\"color\":\"rgba(231,102,76,1)\",\"fill\":0.5,\"formatter\":\"number\",\"id\":\"61ca57f1-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"label\":\"segment count of index for top10\",\"line_width\":1,\"metrics\":[{\"field\":\"index_stats.total.segments.count\",\"id\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"max\"}],\"point_size\":1,\"separate_axis\":0,\"split_color_mode\":\"kibana\",\"split_mode\":\"terms\",\"stacked\":\"none\",\"terms_field\":\"index_stats.index\",\"terms_order_by\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"timeseries\"}],\"show_grid\":1,\"show_legend\":1,\"time_field\":\"timestamp\",\"tooltip_mode\":\"show_all\",\"type\":\"timeseries\"},\"title\":\"[monitoring] segment count of index for top10\",\"type\":\"metrics\"}"},"id":"45d571c0-6626-11ed-8cd7-973626cf6f70","references":[],"type":"visualization","updated_at":"2022-12-01T12:41:01.165Z","version":"WzIwNywyXQ=="}
{"attributes":{"description":"","kibanaSavedObjectMeta":{"searchSourceJSON":"{}"},"title":"[monitoring] markdown","uiStateJSON":"{}","version":1,"visState":"{\"title\":\"[monitoring] markdown\",\"type\":\"markdown\",\"params\":{\"fontSize\":12,\"openLinksInNewTab\":false,\"markdown\":\"### Index Monitoring \\nThis dashboard contains default table for you to play with. You can view it, search it, and interact with the visualizations.\"},\"aggs\":[]}"},"id":"b2811c70-a5f1-11ec-9a68-ada9d754c566","references":[],"type":"visualization","updated_at":"2022-12-01T12:41:01.165Z","version":"WzIwOCwyXQ=="}
{"attributes":{"description":"number of document being indexing for primary and replica shards","kibanaSavedObjectMeta":{"searchSourceJSON":"{}"},"title":"[monitoring] Indexing Rate (/s)","uiStateJSON":"{}","version":1,"visState":"{\"title\":\"[monitoring] Indexing Rate (/s)\",\"type\":\"metrics\",\"params\":{\"id\":\"61ca57f0-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"timeseries\",\"series\":[{\"id\":\"61ca57f1-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,32,188,1)\",\"split_mode\":\"everything\",\"metrics\":[{\"id\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"max\",\"field\":\"indices_stats._all.total.indexing.index_total\"},{\"unit\":\"1s\",\"id\":\"fed72db0-a5f8-11ec-aa10-992297d21a2e\",\"type\":\"derivative\",\"field\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\"},{\"unit\":\"\",\"id\":\"14b66420-a5f9-11ec-aa10-992297d21a2e\",\"type\":\"positive_only\",\"field\":\"fed72db0-a5f8-11ec-aa10-992297d21a2e\"}],\"separate_axis\":0,\"axis_position\":\"right\",\"formatter\":\"number\",\"chart_type\":\"line\",\"line_width\":1,\"point_size\":1,\"fill\":0.5,\"stacked\":\"none\",\"label\":\"Indexing Rate (/s)\",\"type\":\"timeseries\",\"split_color_mode\":\"rainbow\",\"hidden\":false}],\"time_field\":\"timestamp\",\"index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"interval\":\"\",\"axis_position\":\"left\",\"axis_formatter\":\"number\",\"axis_scale\":\"normal\",\"show_legend\":1,\"show_grid\":1,\"default_index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"default_timefield\":\"timestamp\",\"isModelInvalid\":false,\"legend_position\":\"bottom\"},\"aggs\":[]}"},"id":"de4f8ab0-a5f8-11ec-9a68-ada9d754c566","references":[],"type":"visualization","updated_at":"2022-12-01T12:41:01.165Z","version":"WzIwOSwyXQ=="}
{"attributes":{"description":"number of search request being executed in primary and replica shards","kibanaSavedObjectMeta":{"searchSourceJSON":"{}"},"title":"[monitoring] Search Rate (/s)","uiStateJSON":"{}","version":1,"visState":"{\"title\":\"[monitoring] Search Rate (/s)\",\"type\":\"metrics\",\"params\":{\"id\":\"61ca57f0-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"timeseries\",\"series\":[{\"id\":\"61ca57f1-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,33,224,1)\",\"split_mode\":\"everything\",\"metrics\":[{\"id\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"max\",\"field\":\"indices_stats._all.total.search.query_total\"},{\"unit\":\"1s\",\"id\":\"b1093ac0-a5f7-11ec-aa10-992297d21a2e\",\"type\":\"derivative\",\"field\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\"},{\"unit\":\"\",\"id\":\"c17db930-a5f7-11ec-aa10-992297d21a2e\",\"type\":\"positive_only\",\"field\":\"b1093ac0-a5f7-11ec-aa10-992297d21a2e\"}],\"separate_axis\":0,\"axis_position\":\"right\",\"formatter\":\"number\",\"chart_type\":\"line\",\"line_width\":1,\"point_size\":1,\"fill\":0.5,\"stacked\":\"none\",\"split_color_mode\":\"rainbow\",\"label\":\"Search Rate (/s)\",\"type\":\"timeseries\",\"filter\":{\"query\":\"\",\"language\":\"kuery\"}}],\"time_field\":\"timestamp\",\"index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"interval\":\"\",\"axis_position\":\"left\",\"axis_formatter\":\"number\",\"axis_scale\":\"normal\",\"show_legend\":1,\"show_grid\":1,\"default_index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"default_timefield\":\"timestamp\",\"isModelInvalid\":false,\"legend_position\":\"bottom\"},\"aggs\":[]}"},"id":"811df7a0-a5f8-11ec-9a68-ada9d754c566","references":[],"type":"visualization","updated_at":"2022-12-01T12:41:01.165Z","version":"WzIxMCwyXQ=="}
{"attributes":{"description":"","kibanaSavedObjectMeta":{"searchSourceJSON":"{}"},"title":"[monitoring] total docs count","uiStateJSON":"{}","version":1,"visState":"{\"title\":\"[monitoring] total docs count\",\"type\":\"metrics\",\"aggs\":[],\"params\":{\"id\":\"61ca57f0-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"timeseries\",\"series\":[{\"id\":\"61ca57f1-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"color\":\"rgba(218,139,69,1)\",\"split_mode\":\"everything\",\"split_color_mode\":\"kibana\",\"metrics\":[{\"unit\":\"\",\"id\":\"61ca57f2-469d-11e7-af02-69e470af7417\",\"type\":\"max\",\"field\":\"indices_stats._all.total.docs.count\"}],\"separate_axis\":0,\"axis_position\":\"right\",\"formatter\":\"number\",\"chart_type\":\"line\",\"line_width\":1,\"point_size\":1,\"fill\":0.5,\"stacked\":\"none\",\"label\":\"total_docs_count\",\"type\":\"timeseries\"}],\"time_field\":\"timestamp\",\"index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"interval\":\"\",\"axis_position\":\"left\",\"axis_formatter\":\"number\",\"axis_scale\":\"normal\",\"show_legend\":1,\"show_grid\":1,\"tooltip_mode\":\"show_all\",\"default_index_pattern\":\"monitoring-eye-css-*\",\"default_timefield\":\"timestamp\",\"isModelInvalid\":false,\"legend_position\":\"bottom\"}}"},"id":"eea89780-664b-11ed-8cd7-973626cf6f70","references":[],"type":"visualization","updated_at":"2022-12-01T12:41:01.165Z","version":"WzIxMSwyXQ=="}
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