聚集函数
聚集函数
- sum(expression)
返回类型:
通常情况下输入数据类型和输出数据类型是相同的,但以下情况会发生类型转换:
- 对于SMALLINT或INT输入,输出类型为BIGINT。
- 对于BIGINT输入,输出类型为NUMBER 。
- 对于浮点数输入,输出类型为DOUBLE PRECISION。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT SUM(ss_ext_tax) FROM tpcds.STORE_SALES; sum -------------- 213267594.69 (1 row)
- max(expression)
参数类型:任意数组、数值、字符串、日期/时间类型。
返回类型:与参数数据类型相同
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT MAX(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory;
- min(expression)
参数类型:任意数组、数值、字符串、日期/时间类型。
返回类型:与参数数据类型相同
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT MIN(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory; min ----- 0 (1 row)
- avg(expression)
返回类型:
对于任何整数类型输入,结果都是NUMBER类型。
对于任何浮点输入,结果都是DOUBLE PRECISION类型。
否则和输入数据类型相同。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT AVG(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory; avg ---------------------- 500.0387129084044604 (1 row)
- count(expression)
返回类型:BIGINT
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT COUNT(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory; count ---------- 11158087 (1 row)
- count(*)
返回类型:BIGINT
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tpcds.inventory; count ---------- 11745000 (1 row)
- array_agg(expression)
返回类型:参数类型的数组
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT ARRAY_AGG(sr_fee) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk = 2; array_agg --------------- {22.18,63.21} (1 row)
- string_agg(expression, delimiter)
返回类型:和参数数据类型相同。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT string_agg(sr_item_sk, ',') FROM tpcds.store_returns where sr_item_sk < 3; string_agg --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 1,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,2,1,2,1,2,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2, 2,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,1 (1 row)
- listagg(expression [, delimiter]) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY order-list)
描述:将聚集列数据按WITHIN GROUP指定的排序方式排列,并用delimiter指定的分隔符拼接成一个字符串。
- expression:必选。指定聚集列名或基于列的有效表达式,不支持DISTINCT关键字和VARIADIC参数。
- delimiter:可选。指定分隔符,可以是字符串常数或基于分组列的确定性表达式,缺省时表示分隔符为空。
- order-list:必选。指定分组内的排序方式。
返回类型:text
listagg是兼容Oracle 11g2的列转行聚集函数,可以指定OVER子句用作窗口函数。为了避免与函数本身WITHIN GROUP子句的ORDER BY造成二义性,listagg用作窗口函数时,OVER子句不支持ORDER BY的窗口排序或窗口框架。
示例:
聚集列是文本字符集类型。
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openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(ename, ',') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY ename) AS employees FROM emp GROUP BY deptno; deptno | employees --------+-------------------------------------- 10 | CLARK,KING,MILLER 20 | ADAMS,FORD,JONES,SCOTT,SMITH 30 | ALLEN,BLAKE,JAMES,MARTIN,TURNER,WARD (3 rows)
聚集列是整型。
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openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(mgrno, ',') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY mgrno NULLS FIRST) AS mgrnos FROM emp GROUP BY deptno; deptno | mgrnos --------+------------------------------- 10 | 7782,7839 20 | 7566,7566,7788,7839,7902 30 | 7698,7698,7698,7698,7698,7839 (3 rows)
聚集列是浮点类型。
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openGauss=# SELECT job, listagg(bonus, '($); ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY bonus DESC) || '($)' AS bonus FROM emp GROUP BY job; job | bonus ------------+------------------------------------------------- CLERK | 10234.21($); 2000.80($); 1100.00($); 1000.22($) PRESIDENT | 23011.88($) ANALYST | 2002.12($); 1001.01($) MANAGER | 10000.01($); 2399.50($); 999.10($) SALESMAN | 1000.01($); 899.00($); 99.99($); 9.00($) (5 rows)
聚集列是时间类型。
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openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(hiredate, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY hiredate DESC) AS hiredates FROM emp GROUP BY deptno; deptno | hiredates --------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00, 1981-11-17 00:00:00, 1981-06-09 00:00:00 20 | 2001-04-02 00:00:00, 1999-12-17 00:00:00, 1987-05-23 00:00:00, 1987-04-19 00:00:00, 1981-12-03 00:00:00 30 | 2015-02-20 00:00:00, 2010-02-22 00:00:00, 1997-09-28 00:00:00, 1981-12-03 00:00:00, 1981-09-08 00:00:00, 1981-05-01 00:00:00 (3 rows)
聚集列是时间间隔类型。
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openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(vacationTime, '; ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY vacationTime DESC) AS vacationTime FROM emp GROUP BY deptno; deptno | vacationtime --------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 | 1 year 30 days; 40 days; 10 days 20 | 70 days; 36 days; 9 days; 5 days 30 | 1 year 1 mon; 2 mons 10 days; 30 days; 12 days 12:00:00; 4 days 06:00:00; 24:00:00 (3 rows)
分隔符缺省时,默认为空。
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openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(job) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY job) AS jobs FROM emp GROUP BY deptno; deptno | jobs --------+---------------------------------------------- 10 | CLERKMANAGERPRESIDENT 20 | ANALYSTANALYSTCLERKCLERKMANAGER 30 | CLERKMANAGERSALESMANSALESMANSALESMANSALESMAN (3 rows)
listagg作为窗口函数时,OVER子句不支持ORDER BY的窗口排序,listagg列为对应分组的有序聚集。
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openGauss=# SELECT deptno, mgrno, bonus, listagg(ename,'; ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY hiredate) OVER(PARTITION BY deptno) AS employees FROM emp; deptno | mgrno | bonus | employees --------+-------+----------+------------------------------------------- 10 | 7839 | 10000.01 | CLARK; KING; MILLER 10 | | 23011.88 | CLARK; KING; MILLER 10 | 7782 | 10234.21 | CLARK; KING; MILLER 20 | 7566 | 2002.12 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES 20 | 7566 | 1001.01 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES 20 | 7788 | 1100.00 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES 20 | 7902 | 2000.80 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES 20 | 7839 | 999.10 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES 30 | 7839 | 2399.50 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN 30 | 7698 | 9.00 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN 30 | 7698 | 1000.22 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN 30 | 7698 | 99.99 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN 30 | 7698 | 1000.01 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN 30 | 7698 | 899.00 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN (14 rows)
- covar_pop(Y, X)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT COVAR_POP(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; covar_pop ------------------ 829.749627587403 (1 row)
- covar_samp(Y, X)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT COVAR_SAMP(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; covar_samp ------------------ 830.052235037289 (1 row)
- stddev_pop(expression)
返回类型:对于浮点类型的输入返回double precision,其他输入返回numeric。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT STDDEV_POP(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; stddev_pop ------------------ 289.224294957556 (1 row)
- stddev_samp(expression)
返回类型:对于浮点类型的输入返回double precision,其他输入返回numeric。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; stddev_samp ------------------ 289.224359757315 (1 row)
- var_pop(expression)
返回类型:对于浮点类型的输入返回double precision类型,其他输入返回numeric类型。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT VAR_POP(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; var_pop -------------------- 83650.692793695475 (1 row)
- var_samp(expression)
返回类型:对于浮点类型的输入返回double precision类型,其他输入返回numeric类型。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT VAR_SAMP(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; var_samp -------------------- 83650.730277028768 (1 row)
- bit_and(expression)
描述:所有非NULL输入值的按位与(AND),如果全部输入值皆为NULL,那么结果也为NULL 。
返回类型:和参数数据类型相同。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT BIT_AND(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; bit_and --------- 0 (1 row)
- bit_or(expression)
描述:所有非NULL输入值的按位或(OR),如果全部输入值皆为NULL,那么结果也为NULL。
返回类型:和参数数据类型相同
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT BIT_OR(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; bit_or -------- 1023 (1 row)
- bool_and(expression)
返回类型:bool
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT bool_and(100 <2500); bool_and ---------- t (1 row)
- bool_or(expression)
返回类型:bool
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT bool_or(100 <2500); bool_or ---------- t (1 row)
- corr(Y, X)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT CORR(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; corr ------------------- .0381383624904186 (1 row)
- every(expression)
返回类型:bool
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT every(100 <2500); every ------- t (1 row)
- rank(expression)
描述:根据expression对不同组内的元组进行跳跃排序。
返回类型:BIGINT
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT d_moy, d_fy_week_seq, rank() OVER(PARTITION BY d_moy ORDER BY d_fy_week_seq) FROM tpcds.date_dim WHERE d_moy < 4 AND d_fy_week_seq < 7 ORDER BY 1,2; d_moy | d_fy_week_seq | rank -------+---------------+------ 1 | 1 | 1 1 | 1 | 1 1 | 1 | 1 1 | 1 | 1 1 | 1 | 1 1 | 1 | 1 1 | 1 | 1 1 | 2 | 8 1 | 2 | 8 1 | 2 | 8 1 | 2 | 8 1 | 2 | 8 1 | 2 | 8 1 | 2 | 8 1 | 3 | 15 1 | 3 | 15 1 | 3 | 15 1 | 3 | 15 1 | 3 | 15 1 | 3 | 15 1 | 3 | 15 1 | 4 | 22 1 | 4 | 22 1 | 4 | 22 1 | 4 | 22 1 | 4 | 22 1 | 4 | 22 1 | 4 | 22 1 | 5 | 29 1 | 5 | 29 2 | 5 | 1 2 | 5 | 1 2 | 5 | 1 2 | 5 | 1 2 | 5 | 1 2 | 6 | 6 2 | 6 | 6 2 | 6 | 6 2 | 6 | 6 2 | 6 | 6 2 | 6 | 6 2 | 6 | 6 (42 rows)
- regr_avgx(Y, X)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_AVGX(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_avgx ------------------ 578.606576740795 (1 row)
- regr_avgy(Y, X)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_AVGY(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_avgy ------------------ 50.0136711629602 (1 row)
- regr_count(Y, X)
返回类型:bigint
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_COUNT(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_count ------------ 2743 (1 row)
- regr_intercept(Y, X)
描述:根据所有输入的点(X, Y)按照最小二乘法拟合成一个线性方程,然后返回该直线的Y轴截距。
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_INTERCEPT(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_intercept ------------------ 49.2040847848607 (1 row)
- regr_r2(Y, X)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_R2(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_r2 -------------------- .00145453469345058 (1 row)
- regr_slope(Y, X)
描述:根据所有输入的点(X, Y)按照最小二乘法拟合成一个线性方程, 然后返回该直线的斜率。
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_SLOPE(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_slope -------------------- .00139920009665259 (1 row)
- regr_sxx(Y, X)
描述:sum(X^2) - sum(X)^2/N (自变量的“平方和”)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_SXX(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_sxx ------------------ 1626645991.46135 (1 row)
- regr_sxy(Y, X)
描述:sum(X*Y) - sum(X) * sum(Y)/N (自变量和因变量的“乘方积”)
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_SXY(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_sxy ------------------ 2276003.22847225 (1 row)
- regr_syy(Y, X)
描述:sum(Y^2) - sum(Y)^2/N(因变量的"平方和")
返回类型:double precision
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT REGR_SYY(sr_fee, sr_net_loss) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk < 1000; regr_syy ----------------- 2189417.6547314 (1 row)
- stddev(expression)
返回类型:对于浮点类型的输入返回double precision,其他输入返回numeric。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT STDDEV(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; stddev ------------------ 289.224359757315 (1 row)
- variance(expexpression,ression)
返回类型:对于浮点类型的输入返回double precision类型,其他输入返回numeric类型。
示例:
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openGauss=# SELECT VARIANCE(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory WHERE inv_warehouse_sk = 1; variance -------------------- 83650.730277028768 (1 row)
- spread
参数:real
返回值类型:real
- checksum(expression)
描述:返回所有输入值的CHECKSUM值。使用该函数可以用来验证GaussDB数据库(不支持GaussDB之外的其他数据库)的备份恢复或者数据迁移操作前后表中的数据是否相同。在备份恢复或者数据迁移操作前后都需要用户通过手工执行SQL命令的方式获取执行结果,通过对比获取的执行结果判断操作前后表中的数据是否相同。
- 对于大表,CHECKSUM函数可能会需要很长时间。
- 如果某两表的CHECKSUM值不同,则表明两表的内容是不同的。由于CHECKSUM函数中使用散列函数不能保证无冲突,因此两个不同内容的表可能会得到相同的CHECKSUM值,存在这种情况的可能性较小。对于列进行的CHECKSUM也存在相同的情况。
- 对于时间类型timestamp, timestamptz和smalldatetime,计算CHECKSUM值时请确保时区设置一致。
- 若计算某列的CHECKSUM值,且该列类型可以默认转为TEXT类型,则expression为列名。
- 若计算某列的CHECKSUM值,且该列类型不能默认转为TEXT类型,则expression为列名::TEXT。
- 若计算所有列的CHECKSUM值,则expression为表名::TEXT。
可以默认转换为TEXT类型的类型包括:char, name, int8, int2, int1, int4, raw, pg_node_tree, float4, float8, bpchar, varchar, nvarchar2, date, timestamp, timestamptz, numeric, smalldatetime,其他类型需要强制转换为TEXT。
返回类型:numeric。
示例:
表中可以默认转为TEXT类型的某列的CHECKSUM值。
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openGauss=# SELECT CHECKSUM(inv_quantity_on_hand) FROM tpcds.inventory; checksum ------------------- 24417258945265247 (1 row)
表中不能默认转为TEXT类型的某列的CHECKSUM值。注意此时CHECKSUM参数是列名::TEXT。
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openGauss=# SELECT CHECKSUM(inv_quantity_on_hand::TEXT) FROM tpcds.inventory; checksum ------------------- 24417258945265247 (1 row)
表中所有列的CHECKSUM值。注意此时CHECKSUM参数是表名::TEXT,且表名前不加Schema。
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openGauss=# SELECT CHECKSUM(inventory::TEXT) FROM tpcds.inventory; checksum ------------------- 25223696246875800 (1 row)