更新时间：2022-06-13 GMT+08:00
ODBC开发示例
常用功能示例代码
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// 此示例演示如何通过ODBC方式获取GaussDB(DWS)中的数据。
// DBtest.c (compile with: libodbc.so)
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif
SQLHENV V_OD_Env; // Handle ODBC environment
SQLHSTMT V_OD_hstmt; // Handle statement
SQLHDBC V_OD_hdbc; // Handle connection
char typename[100];
SQLINTEGER value = 100;
SQLINTEGER V_OD_erg,V_OD_buffer,V_OD_err,V_OD_id;
SQLLEN V_StrLen_or_IndPtr;
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
// 1. 申请环境句柄
V_OD_erg = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV,SQL_NULL_HANDLE,&V_OD_Env);
if ((V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS) && (V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))
{
printf("Error AllocHandle\n");
exit(0);
}
// 2. 设置环境属性（版本信息）
SQLSetEnvAttr(V_OD_Env, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (void*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0);
// 3. 申请连接句柄
V_OD_erg = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, V_OD_Env, &V_OD_hdbc);
if ((V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS) && (V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))
{
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, V_OD_Env);
exit(0);
}
// 4. 设置连接属性
SQLSetConnectAttr(V_OD_hdbc, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_ON, 0);
// 5. 连接数据源，这里的“userName”与“password”分别表示连接数据库的用户名和用户密码，请根据实际情况修改。
// 如果odbc.ini文件中已经配置了用户名密码，那么这里可以留空（""）；但是不建议这么做，因为一旦odbc.ini权限管理不善，将导致数据库用户密码泄露。
V_OD_erg = SQLConnect(V_OD_hdbc, (SQLCHAR*) "gaussdb", SQL_NTS,
(SQLCHAR*) "userName", SQL_NTS, (SQLCHAR*) "password", SQL_NTS);
if ((V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS) && (V_OD_erg != SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))
{
printf("Error SQLConnect %d\n",V_OD_erg);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, V_OD_Env);
exit(0);
}
printf("Connected !\n");
// 6. 设置语句属性
SQLSetStmtAttr(V_OD_hstmt,SQL_ATTR_QUERY_TIMEOUT,(SQLPOINTER *)3,0);
// 7. 申请语句句柄
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, V_OD_hdbc, &V_OD_hstmt);
// 8. 直接执行SQL语句。
SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"drop table IF EXISTS customer_t1",SQL_NTS);
SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"CREATE TABLE customer_t1(c_customer_sk INTEGER, c_customer_name VARCHAR(32));",SQL_NTS);
SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"insert into customer_t1 values(25,'li')",SQL_NTS);
// 9. 准备执行
SQLPrepare(V_OD_hstmt,"insert into customer_t1 values(?)",SQL_NTS);
// 10. 绑定参数
SQLBindParameter(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_PARAM_INPUT,SQL_C_SLONG,SQL_INTEGER,0,0,
&value,0,NULL);
// 11. 执行准备好的语句
SQLExecute(V_OD_hstmt);
SQLExecDirect(V_OD_hstmt,"select id from testtable",SQL_NTS);
// 12. 获取结果集某一列的属性
SQLColAttribute(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_DESC_TYPE_NAME,typename,sizeof(typename),NULL,NULL);
printf("SQLColAtrribute %s\n",typename);
// 13. 绑定结果集
SQLBindCol(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_C_SLONG, (SQLPOINTER)&V_OD_buffer,150,
(SQLLEN *)&V_StrLen_or_IndPtr);
// 14. 通过SQLFetch取结果集中数据
V_OD_erg=SQLFetch(V_OD_hstmt);
// 15. 通过SQLGetData获取并返回数据。
while(V_OD_erg != SQL_NO_DATA)
{
SQLGetData(V_OD_hstmt,1,SQL_C_SLONG,(SQLPOINTER)&V_OD_id,0,NULL);
printf("SQLGetData ----ID = %d\n",V_OD_id);
V_OD_erg=SQLFetch(V_OD_hstmt);
};
printf("Done !\n");
// 16. 断开数据源连接并释放句柄资源
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT,V_OD_hstmt);
SQLDisconnect(V_OD_hdbc);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC,V_OD_hdbc);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, V_OD_Env);
return(0);
}
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批量绑定示例代码
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/**********************************************************************
* 请在数据源中打开UseBatchProtocol，同时指定数据库中参数support_batch_bind
* 为on
* CHECK_ERROR的作用是检查并打印错误信息。
* 此示例将与用户交互式获取DSN、模拟的数据量，忽略的数据量，并将最终数据入库到test_odbc_batch_insert中
***********************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "util.c"
void Exec(SQLHDBC hdbc, SQLCHAR* sql)
{
SQLRETURN retcode; // Return status
SQLHSTMT hstmt = SQL_NULL_HSTMT; // Statement handle
SQLCHAR loginfo[2048];
// Allocate Statement Handle
retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT)",
hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
// Prepare Statement
retcode = SQLPrepare(hstmt, (SQLCHAR*) sql, SQL_NTS);
sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLPrepare log: %s", (char*)sql);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLExecute(hstmt);
sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLExecute stmt log: %s", (char*)sql);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLFreeHandle stmt log: %s", (char*)sql);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
int main ()
{
SQLHENV henv = SQL_NULL_HENV;
SQLHDBC hdbc = SQL_NULL_HDBC;
int batchCount = 1000;
SQLLEN rowsCount = 0;
int ignoreCount = 0;
SQLRETURN retcode;
SQLCHAR dsn[1024] = {'\0'};
SQLCHAR loginfo[2048];
// 交互获取数据源名称
getStr("Please input your DSN", (char*)dsn, sizeof(dsn), 'N');
// 交互获取批量绑定的数据量
getInt("batchCount", &batchCount, 'N', 1);
do
{
// 交互获取批量绑定的数据中，不要入库的数据量
getInt("ignoreCount", &ignoreCount, 'N', 1);
if (ignoreCount > batchCount)
{
printf("ignoreCount(%d) should be less than batchCount(%d)\n", ignoreCount, batchCount);
}
}while(ignoreCount > batchCount);
retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV)",
henv, SQL_HANDLE_ENV);
// Set ODBC Verion
retcode = SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION,
(SQLPOINTER*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetEnvAttr(SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION)",
henv, SQL_HANDLE_ENV);
// Allocate Connection
retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC)",
henv, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);
// Set Login Timeout
retcode = SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc, SQL_LOGIN_TIMEOUT, (SQLPOINTER)5, 0);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetConnectAttr(SQL_LOGIN_TIMEOUT)",
hdbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);
// Set Auto Commit
retcode = SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
(SQLPOINTER)(1), 0);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetConnectAttr(SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT)",
hdbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);
// Connect to DSN
sprintf(loginfo, "SQLConnect(DSN:%s)", dsn);
retcode = SQLConnect(hdbc, (SQLCHAR*) dsn, SQL_NTS,
(SQLCHAR*) NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hdbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC);
// init table info.
Exec(hdbc, "drop table if exists test_odbc_batch_insert");
Exec(hdbc, "create table test_odbc_batch_insert(id int primary key, col varchar2(50))");
// 下面的代码根据用户输入的数据量，构造出将要入库的数据:
{
SQLRETURN retcode;
SQLHSTMT hstmtinesrt = SQL_NULL_HSTMT;
int i;
SQLCHAR *sql = NULL;
SQLINTEGER *ids = NULL;
SQLCHAR *cols = NULL;
SQLLEN *bufLenIds = NULL;
SQLLEN *bufLenCols = NULL;
SQLUSMALLINT *operptr = NULL;
SQLUSMALLINT *statusptr = NULL;
SQLULEN process = 0;
// 这里是按列构造，每个字段的内存连续存放在一起。
ids = (SQLINTEGER*)malloc(sizeof(ids[0]) * batchCount);
cols = (SQLCHAR*)malloc(sizeof(cols[0]) * batchCount * 50);
// 这里是每个字段中，每一行数据的内存长度。
bufLenIds = (SQLLEN*)malloc(sizeof(bufLenIds[0]) * batchCount);
bufLenCols = (SQLLEN*)malloc(sizeof(bufLenCols[0]) * batchCount);
// 该行是否需要被处理，SQL_PARAM_IGNORE 或 SQL_PARAM_PROCEED
operptr = (SQLUSMALLINT*)malloc(sizeof(operptr[0]) * batchCount);
memset(operptr, 0, sizeof(operptr[0]) * batchCount);
// 该行的处理结果。
// 注：由于数据库中处理方式是同一语句隶属同一事务中，所以如果出错，那么待处理数据都将是出错的，并不会部分入库。
statusptr = (SQLUSMALLINT*)malloc(sizeof(statusptr[0]) * batchCount);
memset(statusptr, 88, sizeof(statusptr[0]) * batchCount);
if (NULL == ids || NULL == cols || NULL == bufLenCols || NULL == bufLenIds)
{
fprintf(stderr, "FAILED:\tmalloc data memory failed\n");
goto exit;
}
for (int i = 0; i < batchCount; i++)
{
ids[i] = i;
sprintf(cols + 50 * i, "column test value %d", i);
bufLenIds[i] = sizeof(ids[i]);
bufLenCols[i] = strlen(cols + 50 * i);
operptr[i] = (i < ignoreCount) ? SQL_PARAM_IGNORE : SQL_PARAM_PROCEED;
}
// Allocate Statement Handle
retcode = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmtinesrt);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT)",
hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
// Prepare Statement
sql = (SQLCHAR*)"insert into test_odbc_batch_insert values(?, ?)";
retcode = SQLPrepare(hstmtinesrt, (SQLCHAR*) sql, SQL_NTS);
sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLPrepare log: %s", (char*)sql);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAMSET_SIZE, (SQLPOINTER)batchCount, sizeof(batchCount));
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLBindParameter(hstmtinesrt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SLONG, SQL_INTEGER, sizeof(ids[0]), 0,&(ids[0]), 0, bufLenIds);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLBindParameter for id", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLBindParameter(hstmtinesrt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_CHAR, 50, 50, cols, 50, bufLenCols);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLBindParameter for cols", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAMS_PROCESSED_PTR, (SQLPOINTER)&process, sizeof(process));
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAMS_PROCESSED_PTR", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAM_STATUS_PTR, (SQLPOINTER)statusptr, sizeof(statusptr[0]) * batchCount);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAM_STATUS_PTR", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmtinesrt, SQL_ATTR_PARAM_OPERATION_PTR, (SQLPOINTER)operptr, sizeof(operptr[0]) * batchCount);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAM_OPERATION_PTR", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLExecute(hstmtinesrt);
sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLExecute stmt log: %s", (char*)sql);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
retcode = SQLRowCount(hstmtinesrt, &rowsCount);
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, "SQLRowCount execution", hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
if (rowsCount != (batchCount - ignoreCount))
{
sprintf(loginfo, "(batchCount - ignoreCount)(%d) != rowsCount(%d)", (batchCount - ignoreCount), rowsCount);
CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
else
{
sprintf(loginfo, "(batchCount - ignoreCount)(%d) == rowsCount(%d)", (batchCount - ignoreCount), rowsCount);
CHECK_ERROR(SQL_SUCCESS, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
if (rowsCount != process)
{
sprintf(loginfo, "process(%d) != rowsCount(%d)", process, rowsCount);
CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
else
{
sprintf(loginfo, "process(%d) == rowsCount(%d)", process, rowsCount);
CHECK_ERROR(SQL_SUCCESS, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
for (int i = 0; i < batchCount; i++)
{
if (i < ignoreCount)
{
if (statusptr[i] != SQL_PARAM_UNUSED)
{
sprintf(loginfo, "statusptr[%d](%d) != SQL_PARAM_UNUSED", i, statusptr[i]);
CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
}
else if (statusptr[i] != SQL_PARAM_SUCCESS)
{
sprintf(loginfo, "statusptr[%d](%d) != SQL_PARAM_SUCCESS", i, statusptr[i]);
CHECK_ERROR(SQL_ERROR, loginfo, NULL, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
}
retcode = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmtinesrt);
sprintf((char*)loginfo, "SQLFreeHandle hstmtinesrt");
CHECK_ERROR(retcode, loginfo, hstmtinesrt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT);
}
exit:
printf ("\nComplete.\n");
// Connection
if (hdbc != SQL_NULL_HDBC) {
SQLDisconnect(hdbc);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
}
// Environment
if (henv != SQL_NULL_HENV)
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
return 0;
}
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