Connecting to a Database in Non-Encrypted Mode
To connect to a database in non-encrypted mode, you need to load a driver and then establish a database connection. This section describes methods of loading drivers, APIs for creating database connections, and APIs for non-encrypted connections.
Methods of Loading Drivers
- Load a driver at any position in code before creating a connection.
Class.forName("com.huawei.opengauss.jdbc.Driver");
- Specify the driver name when a JVM is started. This parameter is used to execute Java code in the DOS window or on Linux. jdbctest is the name of a test application.
java -Djdbc.drivers=com.huawei.opengauss.jdbc.Driver jdbctest;
- If gsjdbc4.jar is used, change the driver class name to org.postgresql.Driver.
- GaussDB is compatible with PG in the use of JDBC. Therefore, when two JDBC drivers are used in the same process, class names may conflict.
- JDBC of this version does not support identity & access management suite (IAM) for authentication.
- Compared with the PG driver, the GaussDB JDBC driver has the following enhanced features:
- SHA-256 is supported for encrypted login.
- The third-party log framework that implements the sf4j API can be connected.
- Distributed load balancing at the connection level is supported.
- DR failover is supported.
APIs for Creating Database Connections
JDBC provides three APIs for creating database connections. For details about the url, info, user, and password parameters, see Table 1.
API 1: DriverManager.getConnection(String url). You need to write a database username and password in a URL, which is insecure and not recommended.
API 2: DriverManager.getConnection(String url, String user, String password). For details, see Connecting to a Database Using API 2.
API 3: DriverManager.getConnection(String url, Properties info). For details, see Connecting to a Database Using API 3.
Parameter |
Description |
---|---|
url |
Database connection descriptor when opengaussjdbc.jar is used. The format is as follows:
NOTE:
|
info |
Database connection property. For details about all parameters, see Connection Parameter Reference. |
user |
Database user. |
password |
Password of the database user. |
Connecting to a Database Using API 2
The following uses opengaussjdbc.jar as an example to describe how to use the DriverManager.getConnection(String url, String user, String password) API to establish a database connection. The procedure is as follows:
- Import java.sql.Connection and java.sql.DriverManager.
java.sql.Connection is a database connection API. The getConnection() method of java.sql.DriverManager is used to connect applications to a database. In addition, you need to import other APIs and classes based on the actual application scenario. For details, see JDBC Interface Reference.
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import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager;
- Specify the database sourceURL (change $ip, $port, and database as required), username, and password.
Writing the username and password to code has great security risks. You are advised to store the username and password in environment variables.
String sourceURL = "jdbc:opengauss://$ip:$port/database"; String userName = System.getenv("EXAMPLE_USERNAME_ENV"); String password = System.getenv("EXAMPLE_PASSWORD_ENV");
- Load the driver.
- Add the opengaussjdbc.jar package to the code running tool (such as IDE).
- Load the database driver com.huawei.opengauss.jdbc.Driver as follows:
String driver = "com.huawei.opengauss.jdbc.Driver"; Class.forName(driver);
- Establish a database connection.
Call DriverManager.getConnection(String url, String user, String password) to connect to the database.
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(sourceURL, userName, password);
Connecting to a Database Using API 3
The following uses opengaussjdbc.jar as an example to describe how to use the DriverManager.getConnection(String url, Properties info) API to establish a database connection. The procedure is as follows:
- Import java.sql.Connection, java.sql.DriverManager, and java.util.Properties.
The setProperty() method of java.util.Properties is used to set attribute values of the Properties object. In addition, you need to import other APIs and classes based on the actual application scenario. For details, see JDBC Interface Reference.
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import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.util.Properties;
- Specify the database sourceURL (change $ip, $port, and database as required), username, and password.
Writing the username and password to code has great security risks. You are advised to store the username and password in environment variables.
String sourceURL = "jdbc:opengauss://$ip:$port/database"; String userName = System.getenv("EXAMPLE_USERNAME_ENV"); String password = System.getenv("EXAMPLE_PASSWORD_ENV");
- Create a Properties object and set userName and password as the attribute values of the object.
Properties info = new Properties(); info.setProperty("user", userName); info.setProperty("password", password);
- Load the driver.
- Add the opengaussjdbc.jar package to the code running tool (such as IDE).
- Load the database driver com.huawei.opengauss.jdbc.Driver as follows:
String driver = "com.huawei.opengauss.jdbc.Driver"; Class.forName(driver);
- Establish a database connection.
Call DriverManager.getConnection(String url, Properties info) to connect to the database.
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Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(sourceURL, info);
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