Concepts

Updated on 2025-03-03 GMT+08:00

View PDF

GaussDB(DWS) Management Concepts

Cluster
A cluster is a server group that consists of multiple nodes. GaussDB(DWS) is organized using clusters. A data warehouse cluster contains nodes with the same flavor in the same subnet. These nodes work together to provide services.
Node
A GaussDB(DWS) cluster can have 3 to 256 nodes. A storage-compute coupled data warehouse (standalone) can only have one node. Each node can store and analyze data. For details, see GaussDB(DWS) Technical Specifications.
Type
You need to specify the node flavors when you create a data warehouse cluster. CPU, memory, and storage resources vary depending on node flavors.
Snapshot
You can create snapshots to back up GaussDB(DWS) cluster data. A snapshot is retained until you delete it on the management console. Automated snapshots cannot be manually deleted. Snapshots will occupy your OBS quotas.
Project
Projects are used to group and isolate OpenStack resources (computing resources, storage resources, and network resources). A project can be a department or a project team. Multiple projects can be created for one account.

GaussDB(DWS) Database Concepts

Databases
A database manages data objects and is isolated from other databases. While creating an object, you can specify a tablespace for it. If you do not specify it, the object will be saved to the PG_DEFAULT space by default. Objects managed by a database can be distributed to multiple tablespaces.
OLAP
OLAP is a major function of data warehouse clusters. It supports complex analysis, provides decision-making support tailored to analysis results, and delivers intuitive query results.
MPP
On each node in the data warehouse cluster, memory computing and disk storage systems are independent from each other. With MPP, GaussDB(DWS) distributes service data to different nodes based on the database model and application characteristics. Nodes are connected through the network and collaboratively process computing tasks as a cluster and provide database services that meet service needs.
Shared-Nothing Architecture
The shared-nothing architecture is a distributed computing architecture. Each node is independent so that nodes do not compete for resources, which improves work efficiency.
Database Version
Each data warehouse cluster has a specific database version. You can check the version when creating a data warehouse cluster.
Database Connections
You can use a client to connect to the GaussDB(DWS) cluster. The client can be used for connection on the Huawei Cloud platform and over the Internet.
Database users and roles
GaussDB(DWS) uses users and roles to control the access to databases. A role can be a database user or a group of database users based on the role setting. In GaussDB(DWS), the difference between roles and users is that a role does not have the LOGIN permission by default. In GaussDB(DWS), one user can have only one role, but you can put a user's role under a parent role to grant multiple permissions to the user.
Instance
In GaussDB(DWS), instances are a group of database processes running in the memory. An instance can manage one or more databases that form a cluster. A cluster is an area in the storage disk. This area is initialized during installation and composed of a directory. The directory, called data directory, stores all data and is created by initdb. Theoretically, one server can start multiple instances on different ports, but GaussDB(DWS) manages only one instance at a time. The start and stop of an instance rely on the specific data directory. For compatibility purposes, the concept of instance name may be introduced.
Tablespaces
In GaussDB(DWS), a tablespace is a directory storing physical files of the databases the tablespace contains. Multiple tablespaces can coexist. Files are physically isolated using tablespaces and managed by a file system.
Schema
GaussDB(DWS) schemas logically separate databases. All database objects are created under certain schemas. In GaussDB(DWS), schemas and users are loosely bound. When you create a user, a schema with the same name as the user will be created automatically. You can also create a schema or specify another schema.
Transaction management
In GaussDB(DWS), transactions are managed by multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) and two-phase locking (2PL). It enables smooth data reads and writes. In GaussDB(DWS), MVCC saves historical version data together with the current tuple version. GaussDB(DWS) uses the VACUUM process instead of rollback segments to routinely delete historical version data. This does not affect user operations, unless in performance tuning. Transactions are automatically submitted in GaussDB(DWS).