Help Center/ MapReduce Service/ Component Operation Guide (LTS)/ Using HDFS/ HDFS O&M Management/ Changing the DataNode Storage Directory
Updated on 2024-10-09 GMT+08:00
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Changing the DataNode Storage Directory

Scenario

If the storage directory defined by the HDFS DataNode is incorrect or the HDFS storage plan changes, the MRS cluster administrator needs to modify the DataNode storage directory on FusionInsight Manager to ensure smooth HDFS running. Changing the ZooKeeper storage directory includes the following scenarios:

  • Change the storage directory of the DataNode role. In this way, the storage directories of all DataNode instances are changed.
  • Change the storage directory of a single DataNode instance. In this way, only the storage directory of this instance is changed, and the storage directories of other instances remain the same.

Impact on the System

  • The HDFS service needs to be stopped and restarted during the process of changing the storage directory of the DataNode role, and the cluster cannot provide services before it is completely started.
  • The DataNode instance needs to stopped and restarted during the process of changing the storage directory of the instance, and the instance at this node cannot provide services before it is started.
  • The directory for storing service parameter configurations must also be updated.

Prerequisites

  • New disks have been prepared and installed on each data node, and the disks are formatted.
  • New directories have been planned for storing data in the original directories.
  • The HDFS client has been installed.
  • The service user hdfs is available.
  • When changing the storage directory of a single DataNode instance, ensure that the number of active DataNode instances is greater than the value of dfs.replication.

Procedure

Check the environment.

  1. Log in to the server where the HDFS client is installed as user root, and run the following command to configure environment variables:

    source Installation directory of the HDFS client/bigdata_env

  2. If the cluster is in security mode, run the following command to authenticate the user:

    kinit hdfs

  3. Run the following command on the HDFS client to check whether all directories and files in the HDFS root directory are normal:

    hdfs fsck /

    Check the fsck command output.

    • If the following information is displayed, no file is lost or damaged. Go to 4. 
      The filesystem under path '/' is HEALTHY
    • If other information is displayed, some files are lost or damaged. Go to 5.

  4. Log in to FusionInsight Manager, choose Cluster > Name of the desired cluster > Services, and check whether Running Status of HDFS is Normal.

    • If yes, go to 6.
    • If no, the HDFS status is unhealthy. Go to 5.

  5. Rectify the HDFS fault.. The task is complete.
  6. Determine whether to change the storage directory of the DataNode role or that of a single DataNode instance:

    • To change the storage directory of the DataNode role, go to 7.
    • To change the storage directory of a single DataNode instance, go to 12.

Changing the storage directory of the DataNode role

  1. Choose Cluster > Name of the desired cluster > Services > HDFS > Stop Instance to stop the HDFS service.
  2. Log in to each data node where the HDFS service is installed as user root and perform the following operations:

    1. Create a target directory (data1 and data2 are original directories in the cluster).

      For example, to create a target directory ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn, run the following command:

      mkdir -p ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn

    2. Mount the target directory to the new disk. For example, mount ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3 to the new disk.
    3. Modify permissions on the new directory.

      For example, to create a target directory ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn, run the following commands:

      chmod 700 ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn -R and chown omm:wheel ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn -R

    4. Copy the data to the target directory.

      For example, if the old directory is ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data1/dn and the target directory is ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn, run the following command:

      cp -af ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data1/dn/* ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn

  3. On FusionInsight Manager, choose Cluster > Name of the desired cluster > Services > HDFS > Configurations > All Configurations to go to the HDFS service configuration page.

    Change the value of dfs.datanode.data.dir from the default value %{@auto.detect.datapart.dn} to the new target directory, for example, ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn.

    For example, the original data storage directories are /srv/BigData/hadoop/data1, /srv/BigData/hadoop/data2. To migrate data from the /srv/BigData/hadoop/data1 directory to the newly created /srv/BigData/hadoop/data3 directory, replace the whole parameter with /srv/BigData/hadoop/data2, /srv/BigData/hadoop/data3. Separate multiple storage directories with commas (,). In this example, changed directories are /srv/BigData/hadoop/data2, /srv/BigData/hadoop/data3.

  4. Click Save. Choose Cluster > Name of the desired cluster > Services. On the page that is displayed, start the services that have been stopped.
  5. After the HDFS is started, run the following command on the HDFS client to check whether all directories and files in the HDFS root directory are correctly copied:

    hdfs fsck /

    Check the fsck command output.

    • If the following information is displayed, no file is lost or damaged, and data replication is successful. No further action is required. 
      The filesystem under path '/' is HEALTHY
    • If other information is displayed, some files are lost or damaged. In this case, check whether 8.d is correct and run the hdfs fsck Name of the damaged file -delete command.

Changing the storage directory of a single DataNode instance

  1. Choose Cluster > Name of the desired cluster > Services > HDFS > Instance. Select the HDFS instance whose storage directory needs to be modified, and choose More > Stop Instance.

  2. Log in to the DataNode node as user root, and perform the following operations:

    1. Create a target directory.

      For example, to create a target directory ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn, run the following command:

      mkdir -p ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn

    2. Mount the target directory to the new disk.

      For example, mount ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3 to the new disk.

    3. Modify permissions on the new directory.

      For example, to create a target directory ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn, run the following commands:

      chmod 700 ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn -R and chown omm:wheel ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn -R

    4. Copy the data to the target directory.

      For example, if the old directory is ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data1/dn and the target directory is ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn, run the following command:

      cp -af ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data1/dn/* ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn

  3. On FusionInsight Manager, choose Cluster > Name of the desired cluster > Service > HDFS > Instance. Click the specified DataNode instance and go to the Configurations page.

    Change the value of dfs.datanode.data.dir from the default value %{@auto.detect.datapart.dn} to the new target directory, for example, ${BIGDATA_DATA_HOME}/hadoop/data3/dn.

    For example, the original data storage directories are /srv/BigData/hadoop/data1,/srv/BigData/hadoop/data2. To migrate data from the /srv/BigData/hadoop/data1 directory to the newly created /srv/BigData/hadoop/data3 directory, replace the whole parameter with /srv/BigData/hadoop/data2,/srv/BigData/hadoop/data3.

  4. Click Save, and then click OK.

    Operation succeeded is displayed. click Finish.

  5. Choose More > Restart Instance to restart the DataNode instance.
Parent topic: HDFS O&M Management