Security Functions

Security Functions

• gs_encrypt_aes128(encryptstr,keystr)

  Description: Encrypts encryptstr strings using keystr as the encryption password and returns encrypted strings. The value of keystr ranges from 8 to 16 bytes and contains at least three types of the following characters: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters.

  Return type: text

  Length of the return value: At least 92 bytes and no more than (4*[Len/3]+68) bytes, where Len indicates the length of the data before encryption (unit: byte).

  Example:

  1 2 3 4 5 6

  gaussdb=# SELECT gs_encrypt_aes128('MPPDB','Asdf1234'); gs_encrypt_aes128 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- kbJdlK5LSlAzqNjVvuHUPCphlkuSeD5n2Hel0HiGaSbDQdCmsz1Ky5ZneOurUr56/jtE/U+BmCw9BgTR2wjQD9440m8= (1 row)

  

  An encryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.

• gs_encrypt(encryptstr,keystr, encrypttype)

  Description: Encrypts encryptstr strings using keystr as the encryption password and returns encrypted strings based on encrypttype.

  Return type: text

  Parameter	Type	Description	Value Range
  encryptstr	text	Data to be encrypted	-
  keystr	text	Encryption password	The value ranges from 8 to 16 bytes and contains at least three types of the following characters: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters.
  encrypttype	text	Encryption/Decryption type (case-insensitive)	aes128, sm4, aes128_cbc_sha256, aes256_cbc_sha256, aes128_gcm_sha256, aes256_gcm_sha256, and sm4_ctr_sm3

  Example:

  gaussdb=#  SELECT gs_encrypt('MPPDB', 'Asdf1234', 'sm4'); 
           gs_encrypt         
   ------------------------------
   ZBzOmaGA4Bb+coyucJ0B8AkIShqc
  (1 row)

  

  An encryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.

  aes128 and sm4 are compatible with earlier versions. The aes128 encryption and decryption algorithm in CBC mode is used for AES128 encryption and decryption, and SHA1 is used for integrity check. The sm4 encryption and decryption algorithm uses the SM4 CTR mode and does not perform integrity check.

  • gs_encrypt_bytea(encryptstr, keystr, encrypttype)

    Description: Encrypts encryptstr strings using keystr as the encryption password and returns encrypted strings based on encrypttype.

    Return type: bytea

    Parameter	Type	Description	Value Range
    encryptstr	text	Data to be decrypted	-
    keystr	text	Encryption password	The value ranges from 8 to 16 bytes and contains at least three types of the following characters: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters.
    encrypttype	text	Encryption/Decryption type (case-insensitive)	aes128_cbc_sha256, aes256_cbc_sha256, aes128_gcm_sha256, aes256_gcm_sha256, and sm4_ctr_sm3

    Example:

    gaussdb=#  SELECT gs_encrypt_bytea('MPPDB', 'Asdf1234', 'sm4_ctr_sm3'); 
                                             gs_encrypt_bytea         
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     \x90e286971c2c70410def0a2814af4ac44c737926458b66271d9d1547bc937395ca018d7755672fa9dc3cdc6ec4a76001dc0e137f3bc5c8a5c51143561f1d09a848bfdebfec5e
    (1 row)

    

    An encryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.

• gs_decrypt_aes128(decryptstr,keystr)

  Description: Decrypts decrypt strings using keystr as the decryption password and returns decrypted strings. The keystr used for decryption must be consistent with that used for encryption. keystr cannot be empty.

  

  This parameter needs to be used with the gs_encrypt_aes128 encryption function.

  Return type: text

  Example:

  1 2 3 4 5

  gaussdb=# SELECT gs_decrypt_aes128('kbJdlK5LSlAzqNjVvuHUPCphlkuSeD5n2Hel0HiGaSbDQdCmsz1Ky5ZneOurUr56/jtE/U+BmCw9BgTR2wjQD9440m8=','Asdf1234'); gs_decrypt_aes128 ------------------- MPPDB (1 row)

  

  A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.

• gs_decrypt(decryptstr, keystr, decrypttype)

  Description: Decrypts decrypt strings using keystr as the decryption password and returns decrypted strings based on decrypttype. decrypttype and keystr used for decryption must be consistent with encrypttype and keystr used for encryption. keystr cannot be empty.

  This function needs to be used with the gs_encrypt encryption function.

  Return type: text

  Parameter	Type	Description	Value Range
  decryptstr	text	Data to be decrypted	-
  keystr	text	Decryption password	The value ranges from 8 to 16 bytes and contains at least three types of the following characters: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters.
  decrypttype	text	Encryption/Decryption type (case-insensitive)	aes128, sm4, aes128_cbc_sha256, aes256_cbc_sha256, aes128_gcm_sha256, aes256_gcm_sha256, and sm4_ctr_sm3

  Example:

  gaussdb=# SELECT gs_decrypt('ZBzOmaGA4Bb+coyucJ0B8AkIShqc', 'Asdf1234', 'sm4');
   gs_decrypt 
  ------------
   MPPDB
  (1 row)

  

  A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.

  aes128 and sm4 are compatible with earlier versions. The aes128 encryption and decryption algorithm in CBC mode is used for AES128 encryption and decryption, and SHA1 is used for integrity check. The sm4 encryption and decryption algorithm uses the SM4 CTR mode and does not perform integrity check.

  • gs_decrypt_bytea(decryptstr, keystr, decrypttype)

    Description: Decrypts decrypt strings using keystr as the decryption password and returns decrypted strings based on decrypttype. decrypttype and keystr used for decryption must be consistent with encrypttype and keystr used for encryption. keystr cannot be empty.

    This function needs to be used with the gs_encrypt_bytea encryption function.

    Return type: text

    Parameter	Type	Description	Value Range
    decryptstr	bytea	Data to be decrypted	-
    keystr	text	Decryption password	The value ranges from 8 to 16 bytes and contains at least three types of the following characters: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters.
    decrypttype	text	Encryption/Decryption type (case-insensitive)	aes128_cbc_sha256, aes256_cbc_sha256, aes128_gcm_sha256, aes256_gcm_sha256, and sm4_ctr_sm3

    Example:

    gaussdb=# SELECT gs_decrypt_bytea('\x90e286971c2c70410def0a2814af4ac44c737926458b66271d9d1547bc937395ca018d7755672fa9dc3cdc6ec4a76001dc0e137f3bc5c8a5c51143561f1d09a848bfdebfec5e', 'Asdf1234', 'sm4_ctr_sm3');
     gs_decrypt_bytea 
    ------------------
     MPPDB
    (1 row)

    

    A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.

• aes_encrypt(str, key_str, init_vector)

  Description: Encrypts the string str using the encryption password key_str and initialization vector init_vector based on the AES algorithm.

  Parameters in the command above are as follows:

  • str: character string to be encrypted. If str is set to NULL, the function returns NULL.
  • key_str: encryption password. If key_str is set to NULL, the function returns NULL. For security purposes, you are advised to use a 128-bit, 192-bit, or 256-bit secure random number as the key character string if the key length is 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits (determined by the value of block_encryption_mode).
  • init_vector: An initialization variable is provided for the required block encryption mode. The length is greater than or equal to 16 bytes. Bytes greater than 16 bytes are automatically ignored. If neither str nor key_str is NULL, this parameter cannot be NULL. Otherwise, an error is reported. For security purposes, you are advised to ensure that the IV for each encryption is unique in OFB mode and that the IV for each encryption is unpredictable in CBC or CFB mode.

  Return type: text

  Example:

  gaussdb=# SELECT aes_encrypt('huwei123','123456vfhex4dyu,vdaladhjsadad','1234567890123456');
   aes_encrypt
  -------------
   u*8\x05c?0
  (1 row)

  

  • This function is valid only when GaussDB is compatible with the MY type (that is, sql_compatibility is set to 'B').
  • An encryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.
  • Do not call this function during operations related to stored procedures, preventing the risk of sensitive information disclosure. In addition, when using the stored procedure that contains the function, you are advised to filter the parameter information of the function before providing the information for external maintenance personnel to locate the fault. Delete the logs after using them.
  • Do not call the function when debug_print_plan is set to on, preventing the risk of sensitive information disclosure. You are advised to filter parameter information of the function in the log files generated when debug_print_plan is set to on before providing the log files to external maintenance engineers for fault locating. After you finish using the logs, delete them as soon as possible.
  • The SQL_ASCII setting performs quite differently from other settings. If the character set of the server is SQL_ASCII, the server interprets the byte values 0 to 127 according to the ASCII standard. The byte values 128 to 255 are regarded as the characters that cannot be parsed. If this parameter is set to SQL_ASCII, no code conversion occurs. When this function calls the third-party OpenSSL library, the returned data is non-ASCII data. Therefore, when the character set of the database server is set to SQL_ASCII, the encoding of the client must also be set to SQL_ASCII. Otherwise, an error is reported. The database does not convert or verify non-ASCII characters.
• aes_decrypt(pass_str, key_str, init_vector)

  Description: Decrypts the string str using the decryption password key_str and initialization vector init_vector based on the AES algorithm.

  Parameters in the command above are as follows:

  • pass_str: character string to be decrypted. If pass_str is set to NULL, the function returns NULL.
  • key_str: decryption password. If key_str is set to NULL, the function returns NULL. For security purposes, you are advised to use a 128-bit, 192-bit, or 256-bit secure random number as the key character string if the key length is 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits (determined by the value of block_encryption_mode).
  • init_vector: An initialization variable is provided for the required block decryption mode. The length is greater than or equal to 16 bytes. Bytes greater than 16 bytes are automatically ignored. If neither pass_str nor key_str is NULL, this parameter cannot be NULL. Otherwise, an error is reported. For security purposes, you are advised to ensure that the IV for each encryption is unique in OFB mode and that the IV for each encryption is unpredictable in CBC or CFB mode.

  Return type: text

  Example:

  gaussdb=# SELECT aes_decrypt(aes_encrypt('huwei123','123456vfhex4dyu,vdaladhjsadad','1234567890123456'),'123456vfhex4dyu,vdaladhjsadad','1234567890123456');
   aes_decrypt
  -------------
   huwei123
  (1 row)

  

  • This function is valid only when GaussDB is compatible with the MY type (that is, sql_compatibility is set to 'B').
  • A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record the SQL statements containing the function name in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in gsql by paging up and down.
  • Do not call this function during operations related to stored procedures, preventing the risk of sensitive information disclosure. In addition, when using the stored procedure that contains the function, you are advised to filter the parameter information of the function before providing the information for external maintenance personnel to locate the fault. Delete the logs after using them.
  • Do not call the function when debug_print_plan is set to on, preventing the risk of sensitive information disclosure. You are advised to filter parameter information of the function in the log files generated when debug_print_plan is set to on before providing the log files to external maintenance engineers for fault locating. After you finish using the logs, delete them as soon as possible.
  • To ensure successful decryption, ensure that the values of block_encryption_mode, key_str and IV are the same as those during encryption.
  • Due to encoding differences, encrypted data cannot be directly copied from the gsql client for decryption. In this scenario, the decryption result may not be the character string before encryption.
  • The SQL_ASCII setting performs quite differently from other settings. If the character set of the server is SQL_ASCII, the server interprets the byte values 0 to 127 according to the ASCII standard. The byte values 128 to 255 are regarded as the characters that cannot be parsed. If this parameter is set to SQL_ASCII, no code conversion occurs. When this function calls the third-party OpenSSL library, the returned data is non-ASCII data. Therefore, when the character set of the database server is set to SQL_ASCII, the encoding of the client must also be set to SQL_ASCII. Otherwise, an error is reported. The database does not convert or verify non-ASCII characters.
• gs_digest(input_string, hash_algorithm)

  Description: Hashes the input string using the specified hash algorithm and returns a hexadecimal number.

  Parameters in the command above are as follows:

  • input_string: character string to be hashed. The value cannot be NULL.
  • hash_algorithm: specifies the hash algorithm. Currently, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, and SM3 are supported. Both uppercase and lowercase letters are supported. If an unsupported hash algorithm is used, an error is reported.

  Return type: text

  Example:

  1 2 3 4 5

  gaussdb=# SELECT pg_catalog.gs_digest('gaussdb', 'sha256'); gs_digest ------------------------------------------------------------------ 4dc50d746f4e04f9b446986b34a0050e358fbfb8bc1fba314c54b52a417b0b8e (1 row)

• gs_password_deadline

  Description: Indicates the number of remaining days before the password of the current user expires.

  Return type: interval

  Example:

  1 2 3 4 5

  gaussdb=# SELECT gs_password_deadline(); gs_password_deadline ------------------------- 83 days 17:44:32.196094 (1 row)

• gs_password_notifytime()

  Description: Specifies the number of days prior to password expiration that a user will receive a reminder.

  Return type: int32

• login_audit_messages(BOOLEAN)

  Description: Queries login information about a login user.

  Return type: tuple

  Example:

  • Check the date, time, and IP address of the last successful login.

    1 2 3 4 5

    gaussdb=> SELECT * FROM login_audit_messages(true); username | database | logintime | mytype | result | client_conninfo ----------+----------+------------------------+---------------+--------+----------------- omm | testdb | 2020-06-29 21:56:40+08 | login_success | ok | gsql@[local] (1 row)

  • Check the number, date, and time of failed attempts since the previous successful login.

    1 2 3 4 5 6

    gaussdb=> SELECT * FROM login_audit_messages(false); username | database | logintime | mytype | result | client_conninfo ----------+----------+------------------------+--------------+--------+------------------- omm | testdb | 2020-06-29 21:57:55+08 | login_failed | failed | [unknown]@[local] omm | testdb | 2020-06-29 21:57:53+08 | login_failed | failed | [unknown]@[local] (2 rows)

• login_audit_messages_pid

  Description: Queries login information about a login user. Different from login_audit_messages, this function queries login information based on backendid. Information about subsequent logins of the same user does not alter the query result of previous logins and cannot be found using this function.

  Return type: tuple

  

  When the thread pool is enabled, the backendid obtained in the same session may change due to thread switchover. As a result, the return values are different when the function is called for multiple times. You are advised not to call this function when the thread pool is enabled.

  Example:

  • Check the date, time, and IP address of the last successful login.

    1 2 3 4 5

    gaussdb=> SELECT * FROM login_audit_messages_pid(true); username | database | logintime | mytype | result | client_conninfo | backendid ----------+----------+------------------------+---------------+--------+-----------------+----------------- omm | testdb | 2020-06-29 21:56:40+08 | login_success | ok | gsql@[local] | 139823109633792 (1 row)

  • Check the number, date, and time of failed attempts since the previous successful login.

    1 2 3 4 5 6

    gaussdb=> SELECT * FROM login_audit_messages_pid(false); username | database | logintime | mytype | result | client_conninfo | backendid ----------+----------+------------------------+--------------+--------+-------------------+----------------- omm | testdb | 2020-06-29 21:57:55+08 | login_failed | failed | [unknown]@[local] | 139823109633792 omm | testdb | 2020-06-29 21:57:53+08 | login_failed | failed | [unknown]@[local] | 139823109633792 (2 rows)

• inet_server_addr

  Description: Displays the server IP address.

  Return type: inet

  Example:

  1 2 3 4 5

  gaussdb=# SELECT inet_server_addr(); inet_server_addr ------------------ 10.10.0.13 (1 row)

  

  • The client IP address 10.10.0.50 and server IP address 10.10.0.13 are used as an example.
  • If the database is connected to the local PC, the value is empty.
• inet_client_addr

  Description: Displays the client IP address.

  Return type: inet

  Example:

  1 2 3 4 5

  gaussdb=# SELECT inet_client_addr(); inet_client_addr ------------------ 10.10.0.50 (1 row)

  

  • The client IP address 10.10.0.50 and server IP address 10.10.0.13 are used as an example.

  • If the database is connected to the local PC, the value is empty.
• pg_query_audit

  Description: Views audit logs of the primary database node.

  Return type: record

  The following table describes return columns.

  Name	Type	Description
  time	timestamp with time zone	Operation time
  type	text	Operation
  result	text	Operation result
  userid	oid	User ID
  username	text	Name of the user who performs the operation
  database	text	Database name
  client_conninfo	text	Client connection information
  object_name	text	Object name
  detail_info	text	Operation details
  node_name	text	Node name
  thread_id	text	Thread ID
  local_port	text	Local port
  remote_port	text	Remote port

• pg_delete_audit()

  Description: Deletes audit logs in a specified period.

  Return type: void