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Help Center/ GaussDB(DWS)/ Best Practices/ Data Development/ Managing Data Permissions Through Views

Managing Data Permissions Through Views

Updated on 2024-10-29 GMT+08:00

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This section describes how to use views to allow various users to access specific data within the same table, ensuring data permissions management and security.

Scenario

After connecting to a cluster as user dbadmin, create an example table customer.

    
       CREATE TABLE customer (id bigserial NOT NULL, province_id bigint NOT NULL, user_info varchar, primary key (id)) DISTRIBUTE BY HASH(id);

Insert test data into the example table customer.

    
       INSERT INTO customer(province_id,user_info) VALUES (1,'Alice'),(1,'Jack'),(2,'Jack'),(3,'Matu');
INSERT 0 4

Query the customer table.

    
       SELECT * FROM customer;
 id | province_id | user_info
----+-------------+-----------
  3 |           2 | Jack
  1 |           1 | Alice
  2 |           1 | Jack
  4 |           3 | Matu
(4 rows)

Requirement: User u1 can view only the data of province 1 (province_id = 1), and user u2 can view only the data of province 2 (province_id = 2).

Implementation

You can create a view to meet the requirements in the preceding scenario. The procedure is as follows:

After connecting to a cluster as user dbadmin, create views v1 and v2 for provinces 1 and 2 in dbadmin mode.

Run the CREATE VIEW statement to create view v1 for querying the data of province 1.

       
          CREATE VIEW v1 AS
    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE province_id=1;

Run the CREATE VIEW statement to create view v2 for querying the data of province 2.

      
         CREATE VIEW v2 AS
    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE province_id=2;

Create users u1 and u2.

      
         CREATE USER u1 PASSWORD '*********';
CREATE USER u2 PASSWORD '*********';

Run the GRANT statement to grant the data query permission to the target user.

Grant the permission on the target view schema to u1 and u2.
1

GRANT USAGE ON schema dbadmin TO u1,u2;
Grant u1 the permission to query data of province 1 in the v1 view.
1

GRANT SELECT ON v1 TO u1;
Grant u2 the permission to query data of province 2 in the v2 view.
1

GRANT SELECT ON v2 TO u2;

Verifying the Query Result

Switch to u1 to connect to the cluster.

      
         SET ROLE u1 PASSWORD '*********';

Query the v1 view. u1 can query only the v1 view data.

       
          SELECT * FROM dbadmin.v1;
 id | province_id | user_info
----+-------------+-----------
  1 |           1 | Alice
  2 |           1 | Jack
(2 rows)

If u1 attempts to query data in view v2, the following error information is displayed:

       
          SELECT * FROM dbadmin.v2;
ERROR:  SELECT permission denied to user "u1" for relation "dbadmin.v2"

The result shows that user u1 can view only the data of province 1 (province_id = 1).

Use u2 to connect to the cluster.

      
         SET ROLE u2 PASSWORD '*********';

Query the v2 view. u2 can query only the v2 view data.

       
          SELECT * FROM dbadmin.v2;
 id | province_id | user_info
----+-------------+-----------
  3 |           2 | Jack
(1 row)

If u2 attempts to query data in view v1, the following error information is displayed:

      
         SELECT * FROM dbadmin.v1;
ERROR:  SELECT permission denied to user "u2" for relation "dbadmin.v1"

The result shows that user u2 can view only the data of province 2 (province_id = 2).

Parent topic: Data Development

Previous topic: Encrypting and Decrypting Data Columns

Next topic: Database Management

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