Mathematical Functions

Table 1 lists the mathematical functions supported in DLI.

**Table 1** Mathematical functions
Function	Return Type	Description
round(DOUBLE a)	DOUBLE	Round a.
round(DOUBLE a, INT d)	DOUBLE	Round a to d decimal places. Example: round(21.263,2) = 21.26.
bround(DOUBLE a)	DOUBLE	Round off a figure using the HALF_EVEN rounding mode. If the figure to be rounded off ends in 5, the HALF_EVEN rounding mode is as follows: Round up if the digit in the place preceding 5 is odd. Round down if the digit in the place preceding 5 is even. Example: bround(7.5) = 8.0, bround(6.5) = 6.0.
bround(DOUBLE a, INT d)	DOUBLE	Retain d decimal places and round the d+1 decimal place using the HALF_EVEN rounding mode. If the figure to be rounded off ends in 5, it will be rounded off as follows: Round up if the d decimal digit is odd. Round down if the d decimal digit is even. Example: bround(8.25, 1) = 8.2, bround(8.35, 1) = 8.4.
floor(DOUBLE a)	BIGINT	Return the largest integer that is less than or equal to a. Example: floor(21.2) = 21.
ceil(DOUBLE a), ceiling(DOUBLE a)	BIGINT	Return the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to a. Example: ceil(21.2) = 22.
rand(), rand(INT seed)	DOUBLE	Return a random number that is distributed uniformly from 0 through 1 (1 is exclusive). If the seed is specified, a stable random number sequence is displayed.
exp(DOUBLE a), exp(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the value of e raised to the power of a.
ln(DOUBLE a), ln(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the natural logarithm of the argument a.
log10(DOUBLE a), log10(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the base 10 logarithm of the argument a.
log2(DOUBLE a), log2(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the base 2 logarithm of the argument a.
log(DOUBLE base, DOUBLE a) log(DECIMAL base, DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the base base logarithm of the argument a.
pow(DOUBLE a, DOUBLE p), power(DOUBLE a, DOUBLE p)	DOUBLE	Return the value of a raised to the power of p.
sqrt(DOUBLE a), sqrt(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the square root of a.
bin(BIGINT a)	STRING	Return a number in binary format.
hex(BIGINT a) hex(STRING a)	STRING	Convert an integer or character to its hexadecimal representation.
conv(BIGINT num, INT from_base, INT to_base), conv(STRING num, INT from_base, INT to_base)	STRING	Convert a number from from_base to to_base. Example: Convert 5 from decimal to quaternary using conv(5,10,4) = 11.
abs(DOUBLE a)	DOUBLE	Return the absolute value.
pmod(INT a, INT b), pmod(DOUBLE a, DOUBLE b)	INT or DOUBLE	Return the positive value of the remainder after division of a by b.
sin(DOUBLE a), sin(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the sine value of a.
asin(DOUBLE a), asin(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the arc sine value of a.
cos(DOUBLE a), cos(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the cosine value of a.
acos(DOUBLE a), acos(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the arc cosine value of a.
tan(DOUBLE a), tan(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the tangent value of a.
atan(DOUBLE a), atan(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Return the arc tangent value of a.
degrees(DOUBLE a), degrees(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Convert the value of a from radians to degrees.
radians(DOUBLE a), radians(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE	Convert the value of a from degrees to radians.
positive(INT a), positive(DOUBLE a)	INT or DOUBLE	Return a. Example: positive(2) = 2.
negative(INT a), negative(DOUBLE a)	INT or DOUBLE	Return –a. Example: negative(2) = –2.
sign(DOUBLE a), sign(DECIMAL a)	DOUBLE or INT	Return the sign of a. 1.0 is returned if a is positive. –1.0 is returned if a is negative. Otherwise, 0.0 is returned.
e()	DOUBLE	Return the value of e.
pi()	DOUBLE	Return the value of pi.
factorial(INT a)	BIGINT	Return the factorial of a.
cbrt(DOUBLE a)	DOUBLE	Return the cube root of a.
shiftleft(TINYINT\|SMALLINT\|INT a, INT b) shiftleft(BIGINT a, INT b)	INT BIGINT	Bitwise signed left shift. Interpret a as a binary number and shift the binary number b positions to the left.
shiftright(TINYINT\|SMALLINT\|INT a, INT b) shiftright(BIGINT a, INT b)	INT BIGINT	Bitwise signed right shift. Interpret a as a binary number and shift the binary number b positions to the right.
shiftrightunsigned(TINYINT\|SMALLINT\|INT a, INT b), shiftrightunsigned(BIGINT a, INT b)	INT BIGINT	Bitwise unsigned right shift. Interpret a as a binary number and shift the binary number b positions to the right.
greatest(T v1, T v2, ...)	T	Return the maximum value of a list of values.
least(T v1, T v2, ...)	T	Return the minimum value of a list of values.