Help Center/ GaussDB(DWS)/ SQL Syntax Reference/ SQL Syntax Reference (9.1.0.x)/ Keyword
Updated on 2025-07-22 GMT+08:00
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Keyword

The SQL contains reserved and non-reserved words. Reserved keywords must not be used as other identifiers in accordance with standards. Non-reserved keywords have special meanings only in specific environments and can be used as identifiers in other environments. Even so, do not use non-reserved keywords.

You can use SELECT * FROM pg_get_keywords(); to query the keyword of GaussDB(DWS).

Example: AUTHORIZATION is a reserved keyword. Using it as a table name causes an error and prevents the table from being created.

However, you can use AUTHORIZATION as a function or type name under certain conditions (see the table below).

Figure 1 Using a keyword as a table name
Figure 2 Using a keyword as a function name

Identifier Naming Conventions

A database identifier is a name that uniquely identifies an object (such as a table, column, or index) in a database. In a database, identifiers are often used to reference database objects in SQL query statements to ensure the accuracy and consistency of database operations. It is important to name and use identifiers properly. The naming of GaussDB(DWS) identifiers must comply with the following rules:

  • The identifier must consist of letters (a-z), underscores (_), digits (0-9), and dollar signs ($).
  • An identifier name should start with a letter (a-z) or an underscore (_).
  • The identifier can contain a maximum of 63 characters.
  • Avoid using SQL reserved words as identifiers. Be careful with non-reserved keywords too.
  • If the database uses GBK, UTF8, or SQL_ASCII, identifiers can include Chinese characters. In UTF8 or SQL_ASCII, each Chinese character takes up three bytes, with a maximum of 21 characters. In GBK, each Chinese character takes up two bytes, with a maximum of 31 characters. The Latin1 character set does not support Chinese characters. The character set is set when creating the database. For details, see CREATE DATABASE.
Table 1 SQL keyword list

Keyword

GaussDB(DWS)

SQL:1999

SQL:1992

ABORT

Non-reserved

-

-

ABS

-

Non-reserved

-

ABSOLUTE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ACCESS

Non-reserved

-

-

ACCOUNT

Non-reserved

-

-

ACTION

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ADA

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

ADD

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ADMIN

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

AFTER

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

AGGREGATE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

ALIAS

-

Reserved

-

ALL

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ALLOCATE

-

Reserved

Reserved

ALSO

Non-reserved

-

-

ALTER

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ALWAYS

Non-reserved

-

-

ANALYSE

Reserved

-

-

ANALYZE

Reserved

-

-

AND

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ANY

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

APP

Non-reserved

-

-

ARE

-

Reserved

Reserved

ARRAY

Reserved

Reserved

-

AS

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ASC

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ASENSITIVE

-

Non-reserved

-

ASSERTION

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ASSIGNMENT

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

ASYMMETRIC

Reserved

Non-reserved

-

AT

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ATOMIC

-

Non-reserved

-

ATTRIBUTE

Non-reserved

-

-

AUTHID

Reserved

-

-

AUTHINFO

Non-reserved

-

-

AUTHORIZATION

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

AUTO

Non-reserved

-

-

AUTOEXTEND

Non-reserved

-

-

AUTOMAPPED

Non-reserved

-

-

AUTOREFRESH

Non-reserved

-

-

AUTOSCALE

Non-reserved

-

-

AVG

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

BACKWARD

Non-reserved

-

-

BARRIER

Non-reserved

-

-

BEFORE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

BEGIN

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

BETWEEN

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

BIGINT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

BINARY

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

-

BINARY_DOUBLE

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

BINARY_INTEGER

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

BIT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

BITVAR

-

Non-reserved

-

BIT_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

BLOB

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

BLOCK

Non-reserved

-

-

BOOLEAN

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

-

BOTH

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

BUCKETS

Reserved

-

-

BUILD

Non-reserved

-

-

BREADTH

-

Reserved

-

BY

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

C

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CACHE

Non-reserved

-

-

CALL

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

CALLED

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

CARDINALITY

-

Non-reserved

-

CASCADE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CASCADED

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CASE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CAST

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CATALOG

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CATALOG_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CHAIN

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

CHANGE

Non-reserved

-

-

CHAR

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

CHARACTER

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

CHARACTERISTICS

Non-reserved

-

-

CHARACTER_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CHARACTER_SET_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CHAR_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

CHECK

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CHECKED

-

Non-reserved

-

CHECKPOINT

Non-reserved

-

-

CLASS

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

CLEAN

Non-reserved

-

-

CLASS_ORIGIN

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CLOB

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

CLOSE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CLUSTER

Non-reserved

-

-

COALESCE

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

COBOL

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

COLLATE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

COLLATION

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

COLLATION_CATALOG

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

COLLATION_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

COLLATION_SCHEMA

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

COLUMN

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

COLUMNS

Non-reserved

-

-

COLUMN_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

COMMAND_FUNCTION

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE

-

Non-reserved

-

COMMENT

Non-reserved

-

-

COMMENTS

Non-reserved

-

-

COMMIT

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

COMMITTED

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

COMPACT

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

COMPATIBLE_ILLEGAL_CHARS

Non-reserved

-

-

COMPLETE

Non-reserved

-

-

COMPRESS

Non-reserved

-

-

COMPLETION

-

Reserved

-

CONCURRENTLY

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

CONDITION

-

-

-

CONDITION_NUMBER

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CONFIGURATION

Non-reserved

-

-

CONFLICT

Non-reserved

-

-

CONNECT

-

Reserved

Reserved

CONNECTION

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CONNECTION_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CONSTRAINT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CONSTRAINTS

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CONSTRAINT_CATALOG

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CONSTRAINT_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CONSTRUCTOR

-

Reserved

-

CONTAINS

-

Non-reserved

-

CONTENT

Non-reserved

-

-

CONTINUE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CONVERSION

Non-reserved

-

-

CONVERT

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

COORDINATOR

Non-reserved

-

-

COPY

Non-reserved

-

-

CORRESPONDING

-

Reserved

Reserved

COST

Non-reserved

-

-

COUNT

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

CREATE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CROSS

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

CSV

Non-reserved

-

-

CUBE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

CURRENT

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CURRENT_CATALOG

Reserved

-

-

CURRENT_DATE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CURRENT_PATH

-

Reserved

-

CURRENT_ROLE

Reserved

Reserved

-

CURRENT_SCHEMA

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

CURRENT_TIME

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CURRENT_USER

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CURSOR

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

CURSOR_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

CYCLE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

DATA

Non-reserved

Reserved

Non-reserved

DATE_FORMAT

Non-reserved

-

-

DATABASE

Non-reserved

-

-

DATAFILE

Non-reserved

-

-

DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

DAY

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DBCOMPATIBILITY

Non-reserved

-

-

DBCOMPATIBILITY_BEHAVIOR

Non-reserved

-

-

DEALLOCATE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DEC

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

DECIMAL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

DECLARE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DECODE

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

DEFAULT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DEFAULTS

Non-reserved

-

-

DEFERRABLE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DEFERRED

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DEFINED

-

Non-reserved

-

DEFINER

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

DELETE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DELIMITER

Non-reserved

-

-

DELIMITERS

Non-reserved

-

-

DELTA

Non-reserved

-

-

DELTAMERGE

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

DEMAND

Non-reserved

-

-

DEPTH

-

Reserved

-

DEREF

-

Reserved

-

DESC

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DESCRIBE

-

Reserved

Reserved

DESCRIPTOR

-

Reserved

Reserved

DESTROY

-

Reserved

-

DESTRUCTOR

-

Reserved

-

DETERMINISTIC

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

DIAGNOSTICS

-

Reserved

Reserved

DICTIONARY

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

DIRECT

Non-reserved

-

-

DIRECTORY

Non-reserved

-

-

DISABLE

Non-reserved

-

-

DISCARD

Non-reserved

-

-

DISCONNECT

-

Reserved

Reserved

DISPATCH

-

Non-reserved

-

DISTINCT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DISTRIBUTE

Non-reserved

-

-

DISTRIBUTION

Non-reserved

-

-

DO

Reserved

-

-

DOCUMENT

Non-reserved

-

-

DOMAIN

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DOUBLE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DROP

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

DROPCOLUMNS

Non-reserved

-

-

DUPLICATE

Non-reserved

-

-

DYNAMIC

-

Reserved

-

DYNAMIC_FUNCTION

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE

-

Non-reserved

-

EACH

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

ELASTIC

Non-reserved

-

-

ELSE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ENABLE

Non-reserved

-

-

ENCODING

Non-reserved

-

-

ENCRYPTED

Non-reserved

-

-

END

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

END-EXEC

-

Reserved

Reserved

ENFORCED

Non-reserved

-

-

ENUM

Non-reserved

-

-

EOL

Non-reserved

-

-

EQUALS

-

Reserved

-

ERRORS

Non-reserved

-

-

ESCAPE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ESCAPING

Non-reserved

-

-

EVERY

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

EXCEPT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

EXCEPTION

-

Reserved

Reserved

EXCHANGE

Non-reserved

-

-

EXCLUDE

Non-reserved

-

-

EXCLUDING

Non-reserved

-

-

EXCLUSIVE

Non-reserved

-

-

EXEC

-

Reserved

Reserved

EXECUTE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

EXISTING

-

Non-reserved

-

EXISTS

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

EXPIRATION

Non-reserved

-

-

EXPLAIN

Non-reserved

-

-

EXTENSION

Non-reserved

-

-

EXTERNAL

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

EXTRACT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

FALSE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

FAMILY

Non-reserved

-

-

FAST

Non-reserved

-

-

FENCED

Reserved

-

-

FETCH

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

FILEHEADER

Non-reserved

-

-

FILL_AVG

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

FILL_FIRST

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

FILL_LAST

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

FILL_MISSING_FIELDS

Non-reserved

-

-

FILTER

Non-reserved

-

-

FINAL

-

Non-reserved

-

FIRST

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

FIXED

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

FLOAT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

FOLLOWING

Non-reserved

-

-

FOR

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

FORCE

Non-reserved

-

-

FOREIGN

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

FORMATTER

Non-reserved

-

-

FORTRAN

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

FORWARD

Non-reserved

-

-

FOUND

-

Reserved

Reserved

FREE

-

Reserved

-

FREEZE

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

FROM

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

FULL

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

FUNCTION

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

FUNCTIONS

Non-reserved

-

-

G

-

Non-reserved

-

GENERAL

-

Reserved

-

GENERATED

-

Non-reserved

-

GET

-

Reserved

Reserved

GLOBAL

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

GO

-

Reserved

Reserved

GOTO

-

Reserved

Reserved

GRANT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

GRANTED

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

GREATEST

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

GROUP

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

GROUPING

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

-

HANDLER

Non-reserved

-

-

HAVING

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

HDFSDIRECTORY

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

HEADER

Non-reserved

-

-

HIERARCHY

-

Non-reserved

-

HOLD

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

HOST

-

Reserved

-

HOT

Reserved

-

-

HOUR

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

IDENTIFIED

Non-reserved

-

-

IDENTITY

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

IF

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

IFNULL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

IGNORE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA

Non-reserved

-

-

ILIKE

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

IMMEDIATE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

IMMUTABLE

Non-reserved

-

-

IMPLEMENTATION

-

Non-reserved

-

IMPLICIT

Non-reserved

-

-

IN

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

INCLUDING

Non-reserved

-

-

INCREMENT

Non-reserved

-

-

INDEX

Non-reserved

-

-

INDEXES

Non-reserved

-

-

INDICATOR

-

Reserved

Reserved

INFIX

-

Non-reserved

-

INHERIT

Non-reserved

-

-

INHERITS

Non-reserved

-

-

INITIAL

Non-reserved

-

-

INITIALIZE

-

Reserved

-

INITIALLY

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

INITRANS

Non-reserved

-

-

INLINE

Non-reserved

-

-

INNER

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

INOUT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

-

INPUT

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

INSENSITIVE

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

Reserved

INSERT

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

INSTANCE

-

Non-reserved

-

INSTANTIABLE

-

Non-reserved

-

INSTEAD

Non-reserved

-

-

INT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

INTEGER

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

INTERNAL

Reserved

-

-

INTERSECT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

INTERVAL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

INTO

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

INVALID

Non-reserved

-

-

INVOKER

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

IS

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ISNULL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

ISOLATION

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ITERATE

-

Reserved

-

JOIN

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

K

-

Non-reserved

-

KEEP

Non-reserved

-

-

KEEPALIVE

Non-reserved

-

-

KEY

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

KEY_MEMBER

-

Non-reserved

-

KEY_TYPE

-

Non-reserved

-

LABEL

Non-reserved

-

-

LANGUAGE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

LARGE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

LAST

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

LATERAL

-

Reserved

-

LC_COLLATE

Non-reserved

-

-

LC_CTYPE

Non-reserved

-

-

LEADING

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

LEAKPROOF

Non-reserved

-

-

LEAST

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

LEFT

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

LESS

Reserved

Reserved

-

LEVEL

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

LIGHT

Non-reserved

-

-

LIKE

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

LIMIT

Reserved

Reserved

-

LIST

Non-reserved

-

-

LISTEN

Non-reserved

-

-

LOAD

Non-reserved

-

-

LOCAL

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

LOCALTIME

Reserved

Reserved

-

LOCALTIMESTAMP

Reserved

Reserved

-

LOCATION

Non-reserved

-

-

LOCATOR

-

Reserved

-

LOCK

Non-reserved

-

-

LOG

Non-reserved

-

-

LOGGING

Non-reserved

-

-

LOGIN

Non-reserved

-

-

LOOP

Non-reserved

-

-

LOWER

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

M

-

Non-reserved

-

MAP

-

Reserved

-

MAPPING

Non-reserved

-

-

MASKED

Non-reserved

-

-

MATCH

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

MATCHED

Non-reserved

-

-

MATERIALIZED

Non-reserved

-

-

MAX

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

MAXEXTENTS

Non-reserved

-

-

MAXSIZE

Non-reserved

-

-

MAXTRANS

Non-reserved

-

-

MAXVALUE

Reserved

-

-

MERGE

Non-reserved

-

-

MESSAGE_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

MESSAGE_TEXT

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

METAADDRESS

Non-reserved

-

-

METHOD

-

Non-reserved

-

MIN

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

MINEXTENTS

Non-reserved

-

-

MINUS

Reserved

-

-

MINUTE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

MINVALUE

Non-reserved

-

-

MOD

-

Non-reserved

-

MODE

Non-reserved

-

-

MODIFIES

-

Reserved

-

MODIFY

Reserved

Reserved

-

MODULE

-

Reserved

Reserved

MONTH

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

MORE

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

MOVE

Non-reserved

-

-

MOVEMENT

Non-reserved

-

-

MUMPS

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

NAME

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

NAMES

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

NATIONAL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

NATURAL

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

NBUCKETS

Non-reserved

-

-

NCHAR

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

NCLOB

-

Reserved

-

NEW

-

Reserved

-

NEXT

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

NLSSORT

Reserved

-

-

NO

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

NOCOMPRESS

Non-reserved

-

-

NOCYCLE

Non-reserved

-

-

NODE

Non-reserved

-

-

NOLOGGING

Non-reserved

-

-

NOLOGIN

Non-reserved

-

-

NOMAXVALUE

Non-reserved

-

-

NOMINVALUE

Non-reserved

-

-

NONE

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

-

NOT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

NOTHING

Non-reserved

-

-

NOTIFY

Non-reserved

-

-

NOTNULL

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

NOWAIT

Non-reserved

-

-

NULL

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

NULLABLE

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

NULLIF

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

NULLS

Non-reserved

-

-

NUMBER

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

NUMERIC

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

NUMSTR

Non-reserved

-

-

NVARCHAR2

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

NVL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

OBJECT

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

OCTET_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

OF

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

OFF

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

OFFSET

Reserved

-

-

OIDS

Non-reserved

-

-

OLD

-

Reserved

-

ON

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ONLY

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

OPEN

-

Reserved

Reserved

OPERATION

-

Reserved

-

OPERATOR

Non-reserved

-

-

OPTIMIZATION

Non-reserved

-

-

OPTION

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

OPTIONS

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

OR

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ORDER

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ORDINALITY

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

OUT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

-

OUTER

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

OUTLINE

Non-reserved

-

-

OUTPUT

-

Reserved

Reserved

OVER

Non-reserved

-

-

OVERLAPS

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Non-reserved

Reserved

OVERLAY

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

-

OVERRIDING

-

Non-reserved

-

OVERWRITE

Non-reserved

-

-

OWNED

Non-reserved

-

-

OWNER

Non-reserved

-

-

PACKAGE

Non-reserved

-

-

PAD

-

Reserved

Reserved

PARAMETER

-

Reserved

-

PARAMETERS

-

Reserved

-

PARAMETER_MODE

-

Non-reserved

-

PARAMETER_NAME

-

Non-reserved

-

PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION

-

Non-reserved

-

PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG

-

Non-reserved

-

PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME

-

Non-reserved

-

PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA

-

Non-reserved

-

PARENT_NAME

Non-reserved

-

-

PARSER

Non-reserved

-

-

PARTIAL

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

PARTITION

Non-reserved

-

-

PARTITIONS

Non-reserved

-

-

PASCAL

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

PASSING

Non-reserved

-

-

PASSWORD

Non-reserved

-

-

PATH

-

Reserved

-

PCTFREE

Non-reserved

-

-

PER

Non-reserved

-

-

PERM

Non-reserved

-

-

PERCENT

Non-reserved

-

-

PERFORMANCE

Reserved

-

-

PLACING

Reserved

-

-

PLAN

Reserved

-

-

PLANS

Non-reserved

-

-

PLI

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

POLICY

Non-reserved

-

-

POOL

Non-reserved

-

-

POSITION

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

POSTFIX

-

Reserved

-

PRECEDING

Non-reserved

-

-

PRECISION

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

PREDICATE

Non-reserved

-

-

PREFERRED

Non-reserved

-

-

PREFIX

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

PREORDER

-

Reserved

-

PREPARE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

PREPARED

Non-reserved

-

-

PRESERVE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

PRESERVE_BLANKS

Non-reserved

-

-

PRIMARY

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

PRIOR

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

PRIVATE

Non-reserved

-

-

PRIVILEGE

Non-reserved

-

-

PRIVILEGES

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

PROCEDURAL

Non-reserved

-

-

PROCEDURE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

PROFILE

Non-reserved

-

-

PUBLIC

-

Reserved

Reserved

PUBLICATION

Non-reserved

-

-

PURGE

Non-reserved

-

-

QUERY

Non-reserved

-

-

QUOTE

Non-reserved

-

-

RANGE

Non-reserved

-

-

RAW

Non-reserved

-

-

READ

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

READS

-

Reserved

-

REAL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

REASSIGN

Non-reserved

-

-

REBUILD

Non-reserved

-

-

RECHECK

Non-reserved

-

-

RECURSIVE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

RECYCLEBIN

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

REDACTION

Non-reserved

-

-

REF

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

REFRESH

Non-reserved

-

-

REFERENCES

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

REFERENCING

-

Reserved

-

REINDEX

Non-reserved

-

-

REJECT

Reserved

-

-

RELATIVE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

RELEASE

Non-reserved

-

-

RELOPTIONS

Non-reserved

-

-

REMOTE

Non-reserved

-

-

RENAME

Non-reserved

-

-

REPEATABLE

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

REPLACE

Non-reserved

-

-

REPLICA

Non-reserved

-

-

RESET

Non-reserved

-

-

RESIZE

Non-reserved

-

-

RESOURCE

Non-reserved

-

-

RESTART

Non-reserved

-

-

RESTRICT

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

RESULT

-

Reserved

-

RETURN

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

RETURNED_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

RETURNED_SQLSTATE

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

RETURNING

Reserved

-

-

RETURNS

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

REUSE

Non-reserved

-

-

REVOKE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

REWRITE

Non-reserved

-

-

RIGHT

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Reserved

Reserved

ROLE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

ROLLBACK

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ROLLUP

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

ROUTINE

-

Reserved

-

ROUTINE_CATALOG

-

Non-reserved

-

ROUTINE_NAME

-

Non-reserved

-

ROUTINE_SCHEMA

-

Non-reserved

-

ROW

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

-

ROWS

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

ROW_COUNT

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

RULE

Non-reserved

-

-

SAVEPOINT

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

SCALE

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

SCHEMA

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SCHEMA_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

SCOPE

-

Reserved

-

SCROLL

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SEARCH

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

SECOND

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SECTION

-

Reserved

Reserved

SECURITY

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

SELECT

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SELF

-

Non-reserved

-

SENSITIVE

-

Non-reserved

-

SEPARATOR

Non-reserved

-

-

SEQUENCE

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

SEQUENCES

Non-reserved

-

-

SERIALIZABLE

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

SERVER

Non-reserved

-

-

SERVER_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

SESSION

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SESSION_USER

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SET

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SETOF

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

SETS

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

SHARE

Non-reserved

-

-

SHIPPABLE

Non-reserved

-

-

SHOW

Non-reserved

-

-

SIMILAR

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

Non-reserved

-

SIMPLE

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

SIZE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SLOT

Non-reserved

-

-

SMALLDATETIME

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

SMALLDATETIME_FORMAT

Non-reserved

-

-

SMALLINT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

SNAPSHOT

Non-reserved

-

-

SOME

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SOURCE

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

SPACE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SPECIFIC

-

Reserved

-

SPECIFICTYPE

-

Reserved

-

SPECIFIC_NAME

-

Non-reserved

-

SPILL

Non-reserved

-

-

SPLIT

Non-reserved

-

-

SQL

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

SQLCODE

-

-

Reserved

SQLERROR

-

-

Reserved

SQLEXCEPTION

-

Reserved

-

SQLSTATE

-

Reserved

Reserved

SQLWARNING

-

Reserved

-

STABLE

Non-reserved

-

-

STANDALONE

Non-reserved

-

-

START

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

STATE

-

Reserved

-

STATEMENT

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

STATEMENT_ID

Non-reserved

-

-

STATIC

-

Reserved

-

STATISTICS

Non-reserved

-

-

STATUS

Non-reserved

-

-

STDIN

Non-reserved

-

-

STDOUT

Non-reserved

-

-

STORAGE

Non-reserved

-

-

STORE

Non-reserved

-

-

STRICT

Non-reserved

-

-

STRIP

Non-reserved

-

-

STRUCTURE

-

Reserved

-

STYLE

-

Non-reserved

-

SUBCLASS_ORIGIN

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

SUBLIST

-

Non-reserved

-

SUBSCRIPTION

Non-reserved

-

-

SUBSTRING

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

SUM

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

SYMMETRIC

Reserved

Non-reserved

-

SYNONYM

Non-reserved

-

-

SYS_REFCURSOR

Non-reserved

-

-

SYSDATE

Reserved

-

-

SYSID

Non-reserved

-

-

SYSTEM

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

-

SYSTEM_USER

-

Reserved

Reserved

TABLE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

TABLES

Non-reserved

-

-

TABLESAMPLE

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

TABLE_NAME

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

TEMP

Non-reserved

-

-

TEMPLATE

Non-reserved

-

-

TEMPORARY

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

TERMINATE

-

Reserved

-

TEXT

Non-reserved

-

-

THAN

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

THEN

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

TIME

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

TIME_FILL

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

TIME_FORMAT

Non-reserved

-

-

TIMECAPSULE

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

TIMESTAMP

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

TIMESTAMPADD

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

TIMESTAMPDIFF

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

TIMESTAMP_FORMAT

Non-reserved

-

-

TIMEZONE_HOUR

-

Reserved

Reserved

TIMEZONE_MINUTE

-

Reserved

Reserved

TINYINT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

TO

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

TRAILING

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

TRANSACTION

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED

-

Non-reserved

-

TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK

-

Non-reserved

-

TRANSACTION_ACTIVE

-

Non-reserved

-

TRANSFORM

-

Non-reserved

-

TRANSFORMS

-

Non-reserved

-

TRANSLATE

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

TRANSLATION

-

Reserved

Reserved

TREAT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

-

TRIGGER

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

TRIGGER_CATALOG

-

Non-reserved

-

TRIGGER_NAME

-

Non-reserved

-

TRIGGER_SCHEMA

-

Non-reserved

-

TRIM

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Non-reserved

Reserved

TRUE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

TRUNCATE

Non-reserved

-

-

TRUSTED

Non-reserved

-

-

TRY_CAST

Non-reserved

-

-

TSTAG

Reserved. This field is used only in the hybrid data warehouse.

-

-

TSTIME

Reserved. This field is used only in the hybrid data warehouse.

-

-

TSFIELD

Reserved. This field is used only in the hybrid data warehouse.

-

-

TYPE

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

TYPES

Non-reserved

-

-

UESCAPE

-

-

-

UNBOUNDED

Non-reserved

-

-

UNCOMMITTED

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

UNDER

-

Reserved

-

UNENCRYPTED

Non-reserved

-

-

UNION

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

UNIQUE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

UNKNOWN

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

UNLIMITED

Non-reserved

-

-

UNLISTEN

Non-reserved

-

-

UNLOCK

Non-reserved

-

-

UNLOGGED

Non-reserved

-

-

UNNAMED

-

Non-reserved

Non-reserved

UNNEST

-

Reserved

-

UNTIL

Non-reserved

-

-

UNUSABLE

Non-reserved

-

-

UPDATE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

UPPER

-

Non-reserved

Reserved

USAGE

-

Reserved

Reserved

USER

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG

-

Non-reserved

-

USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME

-

Non-reserved

-

USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA

-

Non-reserved

-

USING

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

VACUUM

Non-reserved

-

-

VALID

Non-reserved

-

-

VALIDATE

Non-reserved

-

-

VALIDATION

Non-reserved

-

-

VALIDATOR

Non-reserved

-

-

VALUE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

VALUES

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

VARCHAR

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

Reserved

Reserved

VARCHAR2

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

VARIABLE

-

Reserved

-

VARIADIC

Reserved

-

-

VARYING

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

VCGROUP

Non-reserved

-

-

VERBOSE

Reserved (functions and types allowed)

-

-

VERIFY

Non-reserved

-

-

VERSION

Non-reserved

-

-

VIEW

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

VOLATILE

Non-reserved

-

-

WARMUP

Reserved

-

-

WHEN

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

WHENEVER

-

Reserved

Reserved

WHERE

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

WHITESPACE

Non-reserved

-

-

WINDOW

Reserved

-

-

WITH

Reserved

Reserved

Reserved

WITHIN

Non-reserved

-

-

WITHOUT

Non-reserved

Reserved

-

WORK

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

WORKLOAD

Non-reserved

-

-

WRAPPER

Non-reserved

-

-

WRITE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

XML

Non-reserved

-

-

XMLATTRIBUTES

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLCONCAT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLELEMENT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLEXISTS

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLFOREST

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLNAMESPACES

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLPARSE

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLPI

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLROOT

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLSERIALIZE

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

XMLTABLE

Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)

-

-

YEAR

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved

YES

Non-reserved

-

-

ZONE

Non-reserved

Reserved

Reserved