Help Center/ GaussDB(DWS)/ SQL Syntax Reference/ SQL Syntax Reference (9.1.0.x)/ Functions and Operators/ Numeric Functions and Operators/ Numeric Functions
Updated on 2024-09-02 GMT+08:00
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Numeric Functions

abs(x)

Description: Returns the absolute value.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT abs(-17.4);
 abs
------
 17.4
(1 row)

acos(x)

Description: Returns the arccosine.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT acos(-1);
       acos       
------------------
 3.14159265358979
(1 row)

asin(x)

Description: Returns the arcsine.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT asin(0.5);
       asin       
------------------
 .523598775598299
(1 row)

atan(x)

Description: Returns the arctangent.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT atan(1);
       atan       
------------------
 .785398163397448
(1 row)

atan2(y, x)

Description: Returns the arctangent of y/x.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT atan2(2, 1);
      atan2
------------------
 1.10714871779409
(1 row)

bitand(integer, integer)

Description: Performs AND (&) operation on two integers.

Return type: bigint

Example:

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SELECT bitand(127, 63);
 bitand 
--------
     63
(1 row)

cbrt(double precision)

Description: Returns the cubic root.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT cbrt(27.0);
 cbrt
------
    3
(1 row)

ceil(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the minimum integer greater than or equal to a specified number.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT ceil(-42.8);
 ceil 
------
  -42
(1 row)

ceiling(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the minimum integer greater than or equal to a specified number. This function is the alias of the ceil(x) function.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT ceiling(-95.3);
 ceiling
---------
     -95
(1 row)

cos(x)

Description: Returns the cosine.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT cos(-3.1415927);
        cos        
-------------------
 -.999999999999999
(1 row)

cot(x)

Description: Returns the cotangent.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT cot(1);
       cot
------------------
 .642092615934331
(1 row)

degrees(double precision)

Description: Converts radians to angles.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT degrees(0.5);
     degrees
------------------
 28.6478897565412
(1 row)

div(y numeric, x numeric)

Description: Returns the integer part of y divided by x.

Return type: numeric

Example:

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SELECT div(9,4);
 div
-----
   2
(1 row)

exp(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the natural exponent.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT exp(1.0);
        exp         
--------------------
 2.7182818284590452
(1 row)

floor(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the maximum integer less than or equal to a specified number.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT floor(-42.8);
 floor 
-------
   -43
(1 row)

radians(double precision)

Description: Converts angles to radians.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT radians(45.0);
     radians
------------------
 .785398163397448
(1 row)

random()

Description: Returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT random();
      random
------------------
 .824823560658842
(1 row)

rand()

Description: Returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0. This function is compatible with MySQL. This function is supported by version 8.2.0 or later clusters.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT rand();
      rand
------------------
 .824823560658842
(1 row)

ln(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the natural logarithm.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT ln(2.0);
        ln         
-------------------
 .6931471805599453
(1 row)

log(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the logarithm with base 10.

  • In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, this function returns the logarithm with base 10.
  • In the MySQL-compatible mode, this function returns the natural logarithm.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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-- ORA-compatible mode
SELECT log(100.0);
        log         
--------------------
 2.0000000000000000
(1 row)
-- TD-compatible mode
SELECT log(100.0);
        log
--------------------
 2.0000000000000000
(1 row)
-- MySQL-compatible mode
SELECT log(100.0);
        log
--------------------
 4.6051701859880914
(1 row)

log(b numeric, x numeric)

Description: Returns the logarithm with base b.

Return type: numeric

Example:

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SELECT log(2.0, 64.0);
        log         
--------------------
 6.0000000000000000
(1 row)

mod(x,y)

Description: Specifies the remainder of x/y (modulus). If x is 0, 0 is returned. If y is 0, x is returned.

Return type: same as the parameter type

Example:

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SELECT mod(9,4);
 mod 
-----
   1
(1 row)

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SELECT mod(9,0);
 mod 
-----
   9
(1 row)

pi()

Description: Returns constant π.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT pi();
        pi
------------------
 3.14159265358979
(1 row)

power(a double precision, b double precision)

Description: Returns a raised to the power of b.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT power(9.0, 3.0);
        power         
----------------------
 729.0000000000000000
(1 row)

round(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the integer closest to the input parameter.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT round(42.4);
 round 
-------
    42
(1 row)

SELECT round(42.6);
 round 
-------
    43
(1 row)

When the round function is invoked, the numeric type is rounded to zero. While on most computers, the real number and the double-precision number are rounded to the nearest even number.

round(v numeric, s int)

Description: Rounds to s decimal places.

Return type: numeric

Example:

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SELECT round(42.4382, 2);
 round
-------
 42.44
(1 row)

setseed(double precision)

Description: Sets seed for the following random() invoking (between -1.0 and 1.0, inclusive).

Return type: void

Example:

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SELECT setseed(0.54823);
 setseed
---------

(1 row)

sign(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns symbols of this parameter.

Return type: -1 indicates a negative number, 0 indicates 0, and 1 indicates a positive number.

Example:

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SELECT sign(-8.4);
 sign 
------
   -1
(1 row)

sin(x)

Description: Returns the sine.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT sin(1.57079);
       sin        
------------------
 .999999999979986
(1 row)

sqrt(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the square root.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT sqrt(2.0);
       sqrt        
-------------------
 1.414213562373095
(1 row)

tan(x)

Description: Returns the tangent.

Return type: double precision

Example:

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SELECT tan(20);
       tan        
------------------
 2.23716094422474
(1 row)

trunc(double precision or numeric)

Description: Returns the integer part of a number.

Return type: same as the input

Example:

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SELECT trunc(42.8);
 trunc 
-------
    42
(1 row)

trunc(v numeric, s int)

Description: Truncates a number to s decimal places.

Return type: numeric

Example:

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SELECT trunc(42.4382, 2);
 trunc
-------
 42.43
(1 row)

truncate(v numeric, s int)

Description: Truncates v to s decimal places. In addition to any precision, v can also be an integer or float number. The return value type is the same as that of the input parameter v. If s is a negative number, the integer part is truncated. This function is supported by version 8.2.0 or later clusters.

Return type: numeric

Example:

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SELECT trunc(42.4382, 2);
 trunc
-------
 42.43
(1 row)

width_bucket(operand numeric, b1 numeric, b2 numeric, count int)

Description: Sets the minimum value, maximum value, and number of groups in a group range, constructs a specified number of groups with the same size, and returns the ID of the group to which a specified field value belongs. b1 is the minimum value of the group range, b2 is the maximum value of the group range, and count is the number of groups.

Return type: integer

Example:

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SELECT width_bucket(5.35, 0.024, 10.06, 5);
 width_bucket
--------------
            3
(1 row)

width_bucket(operand double precision, b1 double precision, b2 double precision, count int)

Description: Sets the minimum value, maximum value, and number of groups in a group range, constructs a specified number of groups with the same size, and returns the ID of the group to which a specified field value belongs. b1 is the minimum value of the group range, b2 is the maximum value of the group range, and count is the number of groups.

Return type: integer

Example:

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SELECT width_bucket(5.35, 0.024, 10.06, 5);
 width_bucket
--------------
            3
(1 row)