Best Practices of Data Import

Using COPY to Import Data

The COPY statement imports data from local and remote databases in parallel. COPY imports large amounts of data more efficiently than using INSERT statements.

For details about how to use the COPY statement, see Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data.

Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data

The \copy command can be used to import data after you log in to a database through any psql client. Different from the COPY statement, the \copy command reads data from or writes to a file.

Data read or written using the COPY statement is transferred through the connection between the server and the client and may not be efficient. The COPY statement is recommended when the amount of data is large.

For details about how to use the \copy command, see Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data.

\copy applies only to small-scale data import in good format. It does not preprocess invalid characters or provide error tolerance. Therefore, \copy cannot be used in scenarios where abnormal data exists. COPY is preferred for data import.

Using INSERT to Insert Multiple Rows

If the \copy command cannot be used for insertion and you need to insert SQL statements, you can use the INSERT statement for multiple rows as required. If you use a column-store table and insert one or more rows at a time, the data compression efficiency is low.

Multi-row inserts improve performance by bulk inserts. The following example inserts three rows into a three-column table using a single INSERT statement. This is still a small insert, shown simply to illustrate the syntax of a multi-row insert. For details about how to create a table, see Creating and Managing Tables.

To insert multiple rows of data to the table customer_t1, run the following command:

openGauss=# insert into customer_t1 values 
(68, 'a1', 'zhou','wang'),
(43, 'b1', 'wu', 'zhao'),
(95, 'c1', 'zheng', 'qian');

For more details and examples, see INSERT.

Using INSERT for Bulk Insert

Use a bulk insert operation with a SELECT clause for high-performance data insertion.

Use the INSERT and CREATE TABLE AS statements when you need to move data or a subset of data from one table into another.

Assume that you have created a backup table customer_t2 for table customer_t1. To insert data from customer_t1 to customer_t2, run the following statements:

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openGauss=# CREATE TABLE customer_t2
(
    c_customer_sk             integer,
    c_customer_id             char(5),
    c_first_name              char(6),
    c_last_name               char(8)
);
openGauss=# INSERT INTO customer_t2 SELECT * FROM customer_t1;

The preceding example is equivalent to:

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openGauss=# CREATE TABLE customer_t2 AS SELECT * FROM customer_t1;