Help Center/ Data Replication Service/ User Guide (Ankara Region)/ Real-Time Synchronization/ Out of the Cloud/ From MySQL to MySQL
Updated on 2024-04-11 GMT+08:00
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From MySQL to MySQL

Supported Source and Destination Databases

Table 1 Supported databases

Source DB

Destination DB
  • RDS for MySQL
  • On-premises MySQL databases
  • MySQL databases on an ECS
  • MySQL databases on other clouds
  • RDS for MySQL

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to the DRS console.
  • For details about the DB types and versions supported by real-time synchronization, see Real-Time Synchronization.

Suggestions

  • When a task is being started or in the full synchronization phase, do not perform DDL operations on the source database. Otherwise, the task may be abnormal.
  • To keep data consistency before and after the synchronization, ensure that no data is written to the destination database during the synchronization.
  • The success of database synchronization depends on environment and manual operations. To ensure a smooth synchronization, perform a synchronization trial before you start the synchronization to help you detect and resolve problems in advance.
  • Start your synchronization task during off-peak hours. A less active database is easier to synchronize successfully. If the data is fairly static, there is less likely to be any severe performance impacts during the synchronization.
    • If network bandwidth is not limited, the query rate of the source database increases by about 50 MB/s during full synchronization, and two to four CPUs are occupied.
    • To ensure data consistency, tables to be synchronized without a primary key may be locked for 3s.
    • The data being synchronized may be locked by other transactions for a long period of time, resulting in read timeout.
    • Due to the inherent characteristics of MySQL, in certain scenarios the performance may be negatively affected. For example, if the CPU resources are insufficient and the storage engine is TokuDB, the read speed on tables may be decreased by 10%.
    • When DRS concurrently reads data from a database, it will use about 6 to 10 sessions. The impact of the connections on services must be considered.
    • If you read a table, especially a large table, during the full migration, the exclusive lock on that table may be blocked.
  • Data-Level Comparison

    To obtain accurate comparison results, compare data at a specified time point during off-peak hours. If it is needed, select Start at a specified time for Comparison Time. Due to slight time difference and continuous operations on data, data inconsistency may occur, reducing the reliability and validity of the comparison results.

  • For many-to-one synchronization tasks that involve the synchronization of the same table, DDL operations cannot be performed on source databases. Otherwise, all synchronization tasks fail.

Precautions

Before creating a synchronization task, read the following notes:

  • You are advised to create an independent database account for DRS task connection to prevent task failures caused by database account password modification.
  • After changing the account passwords for the source or destination databases, modify the connection information in the DRS task as soon as possible to prevent automatic retry after a task failure. Automatic retry will lock the database accounts.
Table 2 Precautions

Type

Restrictions

Database permissions
  • The source database user must have the following permissions:

    SELECT, SHOW VIEW, EVENT, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION SLAVE, and REPLICATION CLIENT

  • The destination database user must have the following permissions:

    SELECT, CREATE, INDEX, DROP, DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE, ALTER, CREATE VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, and REFERENCES. If the destination database version is in the range 8.0.14 to 8.0.18, the SESSION_VARIABLES_ADMIN permission is required.

Synchronization object
  • Only tables, primary key indexes, unique indexes, common indexes, store procedures, views, and functions can be synchronized.
  • Table names cannot be mapped for tables on which views, stored procedures, and functions depend.
  • When table name mapping is used in a synchronization task, foreign key constraints of the table cannot be synchronized.
  • During database name mapping, if the objects to be synchronized contain stored procedures, views, and functions, these objects cannot be synchronized in the full synchronization phase, resulting in inconsistent objects.
  • If the database table name contains characters other than letters, digits, and underscores (_), or the mapped database table name contains hyphens (-) and number signs (#), the name length cannot exceed 42 characters.
  • Tables with storage engine different to MyISAM and InnoDB cannot be synchronized.
  • The DDL operation of renaming an unselected table is filtered out during the synchronization. As a result, the task may fail or data may be inconsistent.
    • If you rename table A to the name of table B and tables A and B are selected for synchronization, this RENAME statement will not be filtered out.
    • If you rename table A to the name of table B but table B is not synchronized, this RENAME statement will be filtered out.
    • You are not advised to perform the rename operation in the many-to-one synchronization scenario. Otherwise, the task may fail or data may be inconsistent.

Source database
  • The source database names cannot contain non-ASCII characters, or the following characters: '<`>/\"
  • The source table and view names cannot contain non-ASCII characters, or the following characters: '<>/\"
  • The source database name or mapped name cannot start with ib_logfile or be ib_buffer_pool, ib_doublewrite, ibdata1 or ibtmp1.
  • During the incremental synchronization, the binlog of the source MySQL database must be enabled and use the row-based format.
  • If the storage space is sufficient, store the source database binlog for as long as possible. The recommended retention period is three days. If this period is set to 0, the synchronization may fail.

    If the source database is an RDS for MySQL instance, set the binlog retention period by following the instructions provided in RDS User Guide.

  • GTID must be enabled for the source database. If GTID is not enabled for the source database, primary/standby switchover is not supported. DRS tasks will be interrupted and cannot be restored during a switchover.
  • During an incremental synchronization, the server_id value of the MySQL source database must be set. If the source database version is MySQL 5.6 or earlier, the server_id value ranges from 2 to 4294967296. If the source database is MySQL 5.7 or later, the server_id value ranges from 1 to 4294967296.
  • During an incremental synchronization, if the session variable character_set_client is set to binary, some data may include garbled characters.
  • The source database cannot be a read replica.

Destination database
  • Data cannot be synchronized from a newer version database to an older version database.
  • The destination database must have sufficient disk space.
  • The character set of the destination database must be the same as that of the source database.
  • The time zone of the destination database must be the same as that of the source database.
  • If the destination database (excluding MySQL system database) has the same name as the source database, the table structures in the destination database must be consistent with those in the source database.
  • During a synchronization, a large amount of data is written to the destination database. If the value of the max_allowed_packet parameter of the destination database is too small, data cannot be written. You are advised to set the max_allowed_packet parameter to a value greater than 100 MB.
  • If the MyISAM tables are included in the synchronization objects, the sql_mode parameter in the destination database cannot contain the no_engine_substitution parameter. Otherwise, the synchronization fails.
  • The source database names mapped to the destination database cannot contain the following characters: dots (.), angle brackets (<>), backslash (\), and single quotation marks (')

Precautions
  • Objects that have dependencies must be synchronized at the same time to avoid synchronization failure. Common dependencies: tables referenced by views, views referenced by views, views and tables referenced by stored procedures/functions/triggers, and tables referenced by primary and foreign keys
  • If a physically generated column in a table is generated based on a time type, the data in the column may be inconsistent.
  • Only MySQL to MySQL synchronization supports many-to-one synchronization. During table-level many-to-one synchronization, tables without primary keys cannot exist in the source database.
  • If the sources and destinations are RDS instances, database mapping is required.
  • The source and destination databases cannot contain tables that have the same names but do not have primary keys.
  • If the source and destination DB instances are RDS for MySQL instances, tables encrypted using Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) cannot be synchronized.
  • If the destination MySQL database does not support TLS 1.2 or is a self-built database of an earlier version (earlier than 5.6.46 or between 5.7.0 and 5.7.28), you need to submit an O&M application for testing the SSL connection.
  • Before creating a DRS task, if concurrency control rules of SQL statements are configured for the source or destination database, the DRS task may fail.
  • Resumable upload is supported, but data may be repeatedly inserted into a table that does not have a primary key.
  • The destination table can contain more columns than the source table. However, the following failures must be avoided:
    • Assume that extra columns on the destination cannot be null or have default values. If newly inserted data records are synchronized from the source to the destination, the extra columns will become null, which does not meet the requirements of the destination and will cause the task to fail.
    • Assume that extra columns on the destination must be fixed at a default value and have a unique constraint. If newly inserted data records are synchronized from the source to the destination, the extra columns will contain multiple default values. That does not meet the unique constraint of the destination and will cause the task to fail.
  • The source database does not support point-in-time recovery (PITR).
  • The destination database cannot be restored to a point in time when a full synchronization was being performed.
  • Cascade operations cannot be performed on tables with foreign keys. If the foreign key index of a table is a common index, the table structure may fail to be created. You are advised to use a unique index.
  • Binlogs cannot be forcibly deleted. Otherwise, the synchronization task fails.
  • The source database does not support the reset master or reset master to command, which may cause DRS task failures or data inconsistency.
  • Set the expire_log_day parameter to a proper value to ensure that the binlog does not expire before data transfer resumes. This ensures that services can be recovered after interruption.
  • After a task is created, the destination database cannot be set to read-only.
  • A real-time synchronization task may fail due to the change of the username and password of the source or destination database. If it happens, rectify the information and then retry the synchronization task on the DRS console. Generally, you are advised not to modify the preceding information during synchronization.
  • If the source or destination database port is changed during data synchronization, the synchronization task fails. You can rectify the fault as follows:
    • If the source database port is wrong, correct the port number on the DRS console and then retry the synchronization task.
    • If the destination database port is wrong, DRS automatically changes the port to the correct one, and then you need to retry the synchronization task.

      Generally, do not modify the port number during synchronization.

  • To ensure data consistency, do not modify the destination database (including but not limited to DDL and DML operations) during synchronization.
  • DDL operations are not supported during full synchronization.
  • During incremental synchronization, some DDL operations are supported.
    • In one-to-one synchronization, the following DDL operations are synchronized by default: CREATE_TABLE, RENAME_TABLE, ADD_COLUMN, MODIFY_COLUMN, CHANGE_COLUMN, DROP_COLUMN, DROP_INDEX, ADD_INDEX, CREATE_INDEX, RENAME_INDEX, DROP_TABLE, TRUNCATE_TABLE, DROP_PARTITION, RENAME_COLUMN, DROP_PRIMARY_KEY and ADD_PRIMARY_KEY. You can select the DDL operations to be synchronized on the object selection page as required.
    • Incremental synchronization supports table renaming. Ensure that both the source and destination tables are selected.
  • You can add additional objects during an incremental synchronization.

Procedure

This section uses synchronization from RDS for MySQL to MySQL as an example to describe how to use DRS to create a real-time synchronization task.

  1. On the Data Synchronization Management page, click Create Synchronization Task.
  2. On the Create Synchronization Instance page, specify the task name, description, and the synchronization instance details, and click Create Now.

    • Task information description
      Table 3 Task and recipient description

      Parameter

      Description

      Task Name

      The task name must start with a letter and consist of 4 to 50 characters. It can contain only letters, digits, hyphens (-), and underscores (_).

      Description

      The description consists of a maximum of 256 characters and cannot contain special characters !=<>'&"\
    • Synchronization instance details
      Table 4 Synchronization instance settings

      Parameter

      Description

      Data Flow

      Select Out of the cloud. The source database is a database on the current cloud.

      Source DB Engine

      Select MySQL.

      Destination DB Engine

      Select MySQL.

      Network Type

      Public network is used as an example. Available options: Public network, VPC, VPN or Direct Connect

      • VPC is suitable for data synchronization between cloud databases of the same account in the same region.
      • Public network is suitable for data synchronization from on-premises or external cloud databases to the destination databases bound with an EIP.
      • VPN or Direct Connect is suitable for synchronization of data between on-premises databases and cloud databases, between cloud databases of different accounts in the same region, or between cloud databases across regions.

      Source DB Instance

      The RDS for MySQL instance you created.

      Synchronization Instance Subnet

      Select the subnet where the synchronization instance is located. You can also click View Subnet to go to the network console to view the subnet where the instance resides.

      By default, the DRS instance and the destination DB instance are in the same subnet. You need to select the subnet where the DRS instance resides and ensure that there are available IP addresses. To ensure that the synchronization instance is successfully created, only subnets with DHCP enabled are displayed.

      Synchronization Mode

      Available options: Full+Incremental and Incremental

      • Full+Incremental

        This synchronization mode allows you to synchronize data in real time. After a full synchronization initializes the destination database, an incremental synchronization parses logs to ensure data consistency between the source and destination databases.

        NOTE:

        If you select Full+Incremental, data generated during the full synchronization will be continuously synchronized to the destination database, and the source remains accessible.

      • Incremental

        Through log parsing, incremental data generated on the source database is synchronized to the destination database.

    If a task fails to be created, DRS retains the task for three days by default. After three days, the task automatically ends.

  3. After the synchronization instance is created, on the Configure Source and Destination Databases page, specify source and destination database information. Then, click Test Connection for both the source and destination databases to check whether they have been connected to the synchronization instance. After the connection tests are successful, select the check box before the agreement and click Next.

    • Source database information
      Table 5 Source database settings

      Parameter

      Description

      DB Instance Name

      The RDS DB instance selected during synchronization task creation. This parameter cannot be changed.

      Database Username

      The username for accessing the source database.

      Database Password

      The password for the database username.

      SSL Connection

      If SSL connection is required, enable SSL on the source database, ensure that related parameters have been correctly configured, and upload an SSL certificate.

      NOTE:
      • The maximum size of a single certificate file that can be uploaded is 500 KB.
      • If SSL is disabled, your data may be at risk.

      The username and password of the source database are encrypted and stored in the database and the synchronization instance during the synchronization. After the task is deleted, the username and password are permanently deleted.

    • Destination database information
      Table 6 Destination database settings

      Parameter

      Description

      IP Address or Domain Name

      The IP address or domain name of the destination database.

      Port

      The port of the destination database. Range: 1 - 65535

      Database Username

      The username for accessing the destination database.

      Database Password

      The password for the database username.

      SSL Connection

      SSL encrypts the connections between the source and destination databases. If SSL is enabled, upload the SSL CA root certificate.

      NOTE:
      • The maximum size of a single certificate file that can be uploaded is 500 KB.
      • If SSL is disabled, your data may be at risk.

      The IP address, port, username, and password of the destination database are encrypted and stored in the database and the synchronization instance, and will be cleared after the task is deleted.

  4. On the Set Synchronization Task page, select the conflict policy and synchronization objects, and then click Next.

    Table 7 Synchronization mode and object

    Parameter

    Description

    Flow Control

    You can choose whether to control the flow.

    • Yes

      You can customize the maximum synchronization speed.

      In addition, you can set the time range based on your service requirements. The traffic rate setting usually includes setting of a rate limiting time period and a traffic rate value. Flow can be controlled all day or during specific time ranges. The default value is All day. A maximum of three time ranges can be set, and they cannot overlap.

      The flow rate must be set based on the service scenario and cannot exceed 9,999 MB/s.

    • No
      The synchronization speed is not limited and the outbound bandwidth of the source database is maximally used, which will increase the read burden on the source database. For example, if the outbound bandwidth of the source database is 100 MB/s and 80% bandwidth is used, the I/O consumption on the source database is 80 MB/s.
      NOTE:
      • The flow control mode takes effect only in the full synchronization phase.
      • You can also change the flow control mode after creating a task. For details, see Modifying the Flow Control Mode.

    Incremental Conflict Policy

    The conflict policy refers to the conflict handling policy during incremental synchronization. By default, conflicts in the full synchronization phase are ignored. Select any of the following conflict policies:

    • Ignore

      The system will skip the conflicting data and continue the subsequent synchronization process.

    • Overwrite

      Conflicting data will be overwritten.

    Filter DROP DATABASE

    During real-time synchronization, executing DDL operations on the source database may affect the synchronization performance. To reduce the risk of synchronization failure, DRS allows you to filter out DDL operations. Currently, only the delete operations on databases can be filtered by default.

    • If you select Yes, the database deletion operation performed on the source database is not synchronized during data synchronization.
    • If you select No, related operations are synchronized to the destination database during data synchronization.

    Synchronize

    Normal indexes and incremental DDLs can be synchronized. You can determine whether to synchronize data based on service requirements.

    Synchronization Object

    The left pane displays the source database objects, and the right pane displays the selected objects. You can select Tables, Import object file, or Databases for Synchronization Object as required.

    • If the synchronization objects in source and destination databases have different names, you can map the source object name to the destination one. For details, see Mapping Object Names.
      • If the database table name contains characters other than letters, digits, and underscores (_), or the mapped database table name contains hyphens (-) and number signs (#), the name length cannot exceed 42 characters.
    • For details about how to import an object file, see Importing Synchronization Objects.
    NOTE:
    • To quickly select the desired database objects, you can use the search function.
    • If there are changes made to the source databases or objects, click in the upper right corner to update the objects to be synchronized.
    • If the object name contains spaces, the spaces before and after the object name are not displayed. If there are multiple spaces between the object name and the object name, only one space is displayed.
    • The name of the selected synchronization object cannot contain spaces.

  5. On the Process Data page, set the filtering rules for data processing.

    • If data processing is not required, click Next.
    • If data processing is required, select Data filtering, Additional Column, or Processing Columns. For details about how to configure related rules, see Processing Data.

  6. On the Check Task page, check the synchronization task.

    • If any check fails, review the cause and rectify the fault. After the fault is rectified, click Check Again.
    • If all check items are successful, click Next.

      You can proceed to the next step only when all checks are successful. If there are any items that require confirmation, view and confirm the details first before proceeding to the next step.

  7. On the displayed page, specify Start Time, confirm that the configured information is correct, and click Submit to submit the task.

    Table 8 Task startup settings

    Parameter

    Description

    Start Time

    Set Start Time to Start upon task creation or Start at a specified time based on site requirements.

    NOTE:

    After a synchronization task is started, the performance of the source and destination databases may be affected. You are advised to start a synchronization task during off-peak hours.

  8. After the task is submitted, you can view and manage it on the Data Synchronization Management page.

    • You can view the task status. For more information about task status, see Task Statuses.
    • You can click in the upper-right corner to view the latest task status.
    • By default, DRS retains any task in the Configuration state for three days. After three days, DRS automatically deletes background resources, but the task status remains unchanged. When you configure the task again, DRS applies for resources for the task again. In this case, the IP address of the DRS instance changes.

Parent topic: Out of the Cloud