Downloading an Object - Range-Based (SDK for Python)

Function

This API downloads partial data of an object by specifying a range. If the specified range is from 0 to 1,000, data from byte 0 to byte 1,000, 1,001 bytes in total, are returned. If the specified range is invalid, data of the whole object is returned.

Restrictions

To download an object, you must be the bucket owner or have the required permission (obs:object:GetObject in IAM or GetObject in a bucket policy). For details, see Introduction to OBS Access Control, IAM Custom Policies, and Configuring an Object Policy.
The mapping between OBS regions and endpoints must comply with what is listed in Regions and Endpoints.
Objects in the Archive storage class can be downloaded only when they are restored.
If the specified range is invalid (for example, the start or end position is set to a negative integer or the range is larger than the object length), the whole object is returned.
This download method also can be used to concurrently download parts of a large object. For details about the sample code, see concurrent_download_object_sample.

Method

ObsClient.getObject(bucketName, objectKey, downloadPath, getObjectRequest, headers, loadStreamInMemory, progressCallback, extensionHeaders)

Request Parameters

**Table 1** List of request parameters
Parameter	Type	Mandatory (Yes/No)	Description
bucketName	str	Yes	Explanation: Bucket name Restrictions: A bucket name must be unique across all accounts and regions. A bucket name: Must be 3 to 63 characters long and start with a digit or letter. Lowercase letters, digits, hyphens (-), and periods (.) are allowed. Cannot be formatted as an IP address. Cannot start or end with a hyphen (-) or period (.). Cannot contain two consecutive periods (..), for example, my..bucket. Cannot contain periods (.) and hyphens (-) adjacent to each other, for example, my-.bucket or my.-bucket. If you repeatedly create buckets of the same name in the same region, no error will be reported and the bucket properties comply with those set in the first creation request. Default value: None
objectKey	str	Yes	Explanation: Object name. An object is uniquely identified by an object name in a bucket. An object name is a complete path that does not contain the bucket name. For example, if the address for accessing the object is examplebucket.obs.ap-southeast-1.myhuaweicloud.com/folder/test.txt, the object name is folder/test.txt. Value range: The value must contain 1 to 1,024 characters. Default value: None
downloadPath	str	No	Explanation: The download path with the file name contained, for example, aa/bb.txt. Default value: None
getObjectRequest	GetObjectRequest	No	Explanation: Additional parameters of an object download request Value range: See Table 2.
headers	GetObjectHeader	No	Explanation: Additional headers of an object download request Value range: See Table 3.
loadStreamInMemory	bool	No	Explanation: Whether to load the data stream of the object to memory Value range: True: The obtained data stream is loaded to memory with downloadPath ignored. False: The obtained data stream is not loaded to memory. Default value: False
progressCallback	callable	No	Explanation: Callback function for obtaining the download progress Default value: None NOTE: This function contains the following parameters in sequence: number of downloaded bytes, total number of bytes, and used time (in seconds). For details about the sample code, see Downloading an Object - Obtaining the Download Progress (SDK for Python).
extensionHeaders	dict	No	Explanation: Extension headers. Value range: See User-defined Header (SDK for Python). Default value: None

**Table 2** GetObjectRequest
Parameter	Type	Mandatory (Yes/No)	Description
cache_control	str	No	Explanation: Cache-Control is rewritten in the response. Default value: None
content_disposition	str	No	Explanation: Content-Disposition is rewritten in the response. Default value: None
content_encoding	str	No	Explanation: Content-Encoding is rewritten in the response. Default value: None
content_language	str	No	Explanation: Content-Language is rewritten in the response. Default value: None
content_type	str	No	Explanation: Content-Type is rewritten in the response. Default value: None
expires	str	No	Explanation: Expires is rewritten in the response. Default value: None
versionId	str	No	Explanation: Object version ID, for example, G001117FCE89978B0000401205D5DC9 Value range: The value must contain 32 characters. Default value: None. If this parameter is left blank, the latest version of the object is obtained.
imageProcess	str	No	Explanation: Image processing command or style. Example for resizing and rotating an image: image/resize,m_fixed,w_100,h_100/rotate,90 Value range: Command format: image/commands Style format: style/style name For details about image processing parameters, see Processing Images. Default value: If no commands are entered, the original image will be returned.

**Table 3** GetObjectHeader
Parameter	Type	Mandatory (Yes/No)	Description
range	str	No	Explanation: Download range Value range: 0 to the object length minus 1. Format: x-y Restrictions: The upper limit of range is the length of the object minus 1. If the specified value exceeds this limit, the length of the object minus 1 is used. Default value: None
if_match	str	No	Explanation: Preset ETag. If the ETag of the object to be downloaded is the same as the preset ETag, the object is returned. Otherwise, an error is returned. Value range: The value must contain 32 characters. Default value: None
if_none_match	str	No	Explanation: Preset ETag. If the ETag of the object to be downloaded is different from the preset ETag, the object is returned. Otherwise, an error is returned. Value range: The value must contain 32 characters. Default value: None
if_modified_since	str or DateTime	No	Explanation: The object is returned if it has been modified since the specified time; otherwise, an error is returned. Restrictions: You can generate a date time by referring to Table 4. For example, DateTime(year=2023, month=9, day=12) Default value: None
if_unmodified_since	str or DateTime	No	Explanation: The object is returned if it has not been modified since the specified time; otherwise, an error is returned. Restrictions: You can generate a date time by referring to Table 4. For example, DateTime(year=2023, month=9, day=12) Default value: None
origin	str	No	Explanation: Origin of the cross-domain request specified by the preflight request. Generally, it is a domain name. Restrictions: Each origin can contain only one wildcard character (). Default value*: None
requestHeaders	str	No	Explanation: HTTP headers in a cross-origin request. Only CORS requests matching the allowed headers are valid. Restrictions: Each header can contain only one wildcard character (). Spaces, ampersands (&), colons (:), and less-than signs (<) are not allowed. Default value*: None
sseHeader	SseCHeader	No	Explanation: Server-side decryption headers. For details, see Table 5. Restrictions: If the object uploaded to the server is encrypted on the server using the encryption key provided by the client, downloading the object requires including the encryption key in the message. Default value: None

**Table 4** DateTime
Parameter	Type	Description
year	int	Explanation: Year in UTC Default value: None
month	int	Explanation: Month in UTC Default value: None
day	int	Explanation: Day in UTC Default value: None
hour	int	Explanation: Hour in UTC Restrictions: The value is in 24-hour format. Default value: 0
min	int	Explanation: Minute in UTC Default value: 0
sec	int	Explanation: Second in UTC Default value: 0

**Table 5** SseCHeader
Parameter	Type	Mandatory (Yes/No)	Description
encryption	str	Yes	Explanation: SSE-C used for encrypting objects Value range: AES256 Default value: None
key	str	Yes	Explanation: Key used in SSE-C encryption. It corresponds to the encryption method. For example, if encryption is set to AES256, the key is calculated using the AES-256 algorithm. Value range: The value must contain 32 characters. Default value: None

List of returned results

**Table 6** List of returned results
Type	Description
GetResult	Explanation: SDK common results

**Table 7** GetResult
Parameter	Type	Description
status	int	Explanation: HTTP status code Value range: A status code is a group of digits ranging from 2xx (indicating successes) to 4xx or 5xx (indicating errors). It indicates the status of a response. For more information, see Status Code. Default value: None
reason	str	Explanation: Reason description. Default value: None
errorCode	str	Explanation: Error code returned by the OBS server. If the value of status is less than 300, this parameter is left blank. Default value: None
errorMessage	str	Explanation: Error message returned by the OBS server. If the value of status is less than 300, this parameter is left blank. Default value: None
requestId	str	Explanation: Request ID returned by the OBS server Default value: None
indicator	str	Explanation: Error indicator returned by the OBS server. Default value: None
hostId	str	Explanation: Requested server ID. If the value of status is less than 300, this parameter is left blank. Default value: None
resource	str	Explanation: Error source (a bucket or an object). If the value of status is less than 300, this parameter is left blank. Default value: None
header	list	Explanation: Response header list, composed of tuples. Each tuple consists of two elements, respectively corresponding to the key and value of a response header. Default value: None
body	object	Explanation: Result content returned after the operation is successful. If the value of status is larger than 300, the value of body is null. The value varies with the API being called. For details, see Bucket-Related APIs (SDK for Python) and Object-Related APIs (SDK for Python). Default value: None

**Table 8** GetResult.body
GetResult.body Type	Description
ObjectStream	Explanation: Response to the request for downloading an object

**Table 9** ObjectStream
Parameter	Type	Description
response	object	Explanation: If loadStreamInMemory is set to False and downloadPath is left blank in the request, this parameter is returned and indicates a readable stream. You can read object content from it.
buffer	object	Explanation: If loadStreamInMemory is set to True in the request, this parameter is returned and indicates the data stream in the memory.
size	int	Explanation: If loadStreamInMemory is set to True in the request, this parameter is returned and indicates the size of the data stream. Value range: 0 to (2⁶³ – 1), in bytes
url	str	Explanation: If loadStreamInMemory is set to False and downloadPath is not left blank, this parameter is returned and indicates the download path.
deleteMarker	bool	Explanation: Whether the deleted object is a delete marker Value range: True: The deleted object is a delete marker. False: The deleted object is not a delete marker. Default value: False
storageClass	str	Explanation: Object storage class. Value range: If the storage class is Standard, leave this parameter blank. For details about the available storage classes, see Table 10. Default value: None
accessContorlAllowOrigin	str	Explanation: If Origin in the request meets the CORS rules of the bucket, AllowedOrigin specified in the CORS rules is returned. AllowedOrigin indicates the origin from which the requests can access the bucket. Restrictions: Domain name of the origin. Each origin can contain only one wildcard character (), for example, https://.vbs.example.com. Default value**: None
accessContorlAllowHeaders	str	Explanation: If RequestHeader in the request meets the CORS rules of the bucket, AllowedHeader specified in the CORS rules is returned. AllowedHeader indicates the allowed headers for cross-origin requests. Only CORS requests matching the allowed headers are valid. Restrictions: Each header can contain only one wildcard character (). Spaces, ampersands (&), colons (:), and less-than signs (<) are not allowed. Default value*: None
accessContorlAllowMethods	str	Explanation: AllowedMethod in the CORS rules of the bucket. It specifies the HTTP method of cross-origin requests, that is, the operation type of buckets and objects. Value range: The following HTTP methods are supported: GET PUT HEAD POST DELETE Default value: None
accessContorlExposeHeaders	str	Explanation: ExposeHeader in the CORS rules of the bucket. It specifies the CORS-allowed additional headers in the response. These headers provide additional information to clients. By default, your browser can only access headers Content-Length and Content-Type. If your browser needs to access other headers, add them to a list of the allowed additional headers. Restrictions: Spaces, wildcard characters (), ampersands (&), colons (:), and less-than signs (<) are not allowed. Default value*: None
accessContorlMaxAge	int	Explanation: MaxAgeSeconds in the CORS rules of the bucket. It specifies the time your client can cache the response for a cross-origin request. Restrictions: Each CORS rule can contain only one MaxAgeSeconds. Value range: 0 to (2³¹ – 1), in seconds Default value: 100
contentLength	int	Explanation: Object size Value range: The value ranges from 0 TB to 48.8 TB, in bytes. Default value: None
cacheControl	str	Explanation: Cache-Control header in the response Default value: None
contentDisposition	str	Explanation: Content-Disposition header in the response Default value: None
contentEncoding	str	Explanation: Content-Encoding header in the response Default value: None
contentLanguage	str	Explanation: Content-Language header in the response Default value: None
contentType	str	Explanation: MIME type of the file to be uploaded. MIME type is a standard way of describing a data type and is used by the browser to decide how to display data. Value range: See What Is Content-Type (MIME)? (Python SDK) Default value: None
expires	str	Explanation: Expires header in the response Default value: None
lastModified	str	Explanation: Time when the last modification was made to the object Restrictions: The time must be in the GMT format, for example, Wed, 25 Mar 2020 02:39:52 GMT. Default value: None
etag	str	Explanation: Base64-encoded, 128-bit MD5 value of an object. ETag is the unique identifier of the object contents and is used to determine whether the contents of an object are changed. For example, if the ETag value is A when an object is uploaded and is B when the object is downloaded, this indicates the contents of the object are changed. The ETag reflects changes only to the contents of an object, not its metadata. Objects created by the upload and copy operations have unique ETags after being encrypted using MD5. Restrictions: If an object is encrypted using server-side encryption, the ETag is not the MD5 value of the object. Value range: The value must contain 32 characters. Default value: None
versionId	str	Explanation: Object version ID. Value range: The value must contain 32 characters. Default value: None
restore	str	Explanation: Restore status of an object. This header is returned when an Archive object is being restored or has been restored. For example, ongoing-request="true" indicates that the object is being restored. ongoing-request="false", expiry-date="Wed, 7 Nov 2012 00:00:00 GMT" indicates that the object has been restored. expiry-date indicates when the restored object expires. Restrictions: If the object is not in the Archive storage class, this parameter is left blank. Default value: None
expiration	str	Explanation: Expiration details. Example: "expiry-date=\"Mon, 11 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT\"" Default value: None
sseKms	str	Explanation: Objects are encrypted using SSE-KMS on the server side. Value range: kms Default value: None
sseKmsKey	str	Explanation: ID of the KMS master key when SSE-KMS is used Value range: Valid value formats are as follows: regionID:domainID:key/key_id key_id In the preceding formats: regionID indicates the ID of the region where the key is used. You can obtain it from Regions and Endpoints. domainID indicates the ID of the account that the key is for. To obtain it, see How Do I Get My Account ID and IAM User ID? (SDK for Python) key_id indicates the ID of the key created on Data Encryption Workshop (DEW). To obtain it, see Viewing a CMK. Default value: If this parameter is not specified, the default master key will be used. If there is no such a default master key, the system will create one and use it by default.
sseC	str	Explanation: SSE-C algorithm Value range: AES256 Default value: None
sseCKeyMd5	str	Explanation: MD5 value of the key for encrypting objects when SSE-C is used. This value is used to check whether any error occurs during the transmission of the key. Restrictions: The value is encrypted by MD5 and then encoded by Base64, for example, 4XvB3tbNTN+tIEVa0/fGaQ==. Default value: None
websiteRedirectLocation	str	Explanation: If the bucket is configured with website hosting, the request for obtaining the object can be redirected to another object in the bucket or an external URL. This parameter specifies the address the request for the object is redirected to. The request is redirected to object anotherPage.html in the same bucket: WebsiteRedirectLocation:/anotherPage.html The request is redirected to an external URL http://www.example.com/: WebsiteRedirectLocation:http://www.example.com/ OBS obtains the specified value from the header and stores it in the object metadata WebsiteRedirectLocation. Restrictions: The value must start with a slash (/), http://, or https:// and cannot exceed 2 KB. OBS only supports redirection for objects in the root directory of a bucket. Default value: None

**Table 10** StorageClass
Parameter	Type	Description
STANDARD	Standard storage class	Explanation: Features low access latency and high throughput and is used for storing massive, frequently accessed (multiple times a month) or small objects (< 1 MB) requiring quick response.
WARM	Infrequent Access storage class	Explanation: Used for storing data that is semi-frequently accessed (fewer than 12 times a year) but is instantly available when needed.
COLD	Archive storage class	Explanation: Used for storing rarely accessed (once a year) data.

Code Examples

This example downloads part of object objectname by specifying a range from 0 to 1,000.

    
     
       
       
         from obs import GetObjectHeader
from obs import ObsClient
import os
import traceback

# Obtain an AK and SK pair using environment variables or import the AK and SK pair in other ways. Using hard coding may result in leakage.
# Obtain an AK and SK pair on the management console. For details, see https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/usermanual-ca/ca_01_0003.html.
ak = os.getenv("AccessKeyID")
sk = os.getenv("SecretAccessKey")
# (Optional) If you use a temporary AK and SK pair and a security token to access OBS, obtain them from environment variables.
# security_token = os.getenv("SecurityToken")
# Set server to the endpoint corresponding to the bucket. CN-Hong Kong is used here as an example. Replace it with the one in use.
server = "https://obs.ap-southeast-1.myhuaweicloud.com" 

# Create an obsClient instance.
# If you use a temporary AK and SK pair and a security token to access OBS, you must specify security_token when creating an instance.
obsClient = ObsClient(access_key_id=ak, secret_access_key=sk, server=server)
try:
    # Specify the additional headers of the request for downloading an object.
    headers = GetObjectHeader()
    # Specify the range (0-1000 as an example) of the object bytes to be returned.
    headers.range = '0-1000'
    bucketName = "examplebucket"
    objectKey = "objectname"
    # Perform the range download. If loadStreamInMemory is set to True, downloadpath will be invalid, and data streams will be downloaded to the memory.
    resp = obsClient.getObject(bucketName, objectKey, loadStreamInMemory=True, headers=headers)
    # If status code 2xx is returned, the API is called successfully. Otherwise, the API call fails.
    if resp.status < 300:
        print('Get Object Succeeded')
        print('requestId:', resp.requestId)
        # Obtain the object content.
        print('buffer:', resp.body.buffer)
    else:
        print('Get Object Failed')
        print('requestId:', resp.requestId)
        print('errorCode:', resp.errorCode)
        print('errorMessage:', resp.errorMessage)
except: 
    print('Get Object Failed')
    print(traceback.format_exc())

        

      

    
   

If the specified range is invalid (for example, the start or end position is set to a negative integer or the range is larger than the object length), the whole object is returned.
This download method also can be used to concurrently download parts of a large object. For details about the sample code, see concurrent_download_object_sample.