Data Manipulation Language (DML)

INSERT INTO table_name [PARTITION part_spec] query

part_spec:  (part_col_name1=val1 [, part_col_name2=val2, ...])

query:
  values
  | {
      select
      | selectWithoutFrom
      | query UNION [ ALL ] query
      | query EXCEPT query
      | query INTERSECT query
    }
    [ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ]
    [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
    [ OFFSET start { ROW | ROWS } ]
    [ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY]

orderItem:
  expression [ ASC | DESC ]

select:
  SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]
  { * | projectItem [, projectItem ]* }
  FROM tableExpression
  [ WHERE booleanExpression ]
  [ GROUP BY { groupItem [, groupItem ]* } ]
  [ HAVING booleanExpression ]
  [ WINDOW windowName AS windowSpec [, windowName AS windowSpec ]* ]

selectWithoutFrom:
  SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]
  { * | projectItem [, projectItem ]* }

projectItem:
  expression [ [ AS ] columnAlias ]
  | tableAlias . *

tableExpression:
  tableReference [, tableReference ]*
  | tableExpression [ NATURAL ] [ LEFT | RIGHT | FULL ] JOIN tableExpression [ joinCondition ]

joinCondition:
  ON booleanExpression
  | USING '(' column [, column ]* ')'

tableReference:
  tablePrimary
  [ matchRecognize ]
  [ [ AS ] alias [ '(' columnAlias [, columnAlias ]* ')' ] ]

tablePrimary:
  [ TABLE ] [ [ catalogName . ] schemaName . ] tableName
  | LATERAL TABLE '(' functionName '(' expression [, expression ]* ')' ')'
  | UNNEST '(' expression ')'

values:
  VALUES expression [, expression ]*

groupItem:
  expression
  | '(' ')'
  | '(' expression [, expression ]* ')'
  | CUBE '(' expression [, expression ]* ')'
  | ROLLUP '(' expression [, expression ]* ')'
  | GROUPING SETS '(' groupItem [, groupItem ]* ')'

windowRef:
    windowName
  | windowSpec

windowSpec:
    [ windowName ]
    '('
    [ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ]
    [ PARTITION BY expression [, expression ]* ]
    [
        RANGE numericOrIntervalExpression {PRECEDING}
      | ROWS numericExpression {PRECEDING}
    ]
    ')'

matchRecognize:
      MATCH_RECOGNIZE '('
      [ PARTITION BY expression [, expression ]* ]
      [ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ]
      [ MEASURES measureColumn [, measureColumn ]* ]
      [ ONE ROW PER MATCH ]
      [ AFTER MATCH
            ( SKIP TO NEXT ROW
            | SKIP PAST LAST ROW
            | SKIP TO FIRST variable
            | SKIP TO LAST variable
            | SKIP TO variable )
      ]
      PATTERN '(' pattern ')'
      [ WITHIN intervalLiteral ]
      DEFINE variable AS condition [, variable AS condition ]*
      ')'

measureColumn:
      expression AS alias

pattern:
      patternTerm [ '|' patternTerm ]*

patternTerm:
      patternFactor [ patternFactor ]*

patternFactor:
      variable [ patternQuantifier ]

patternQuantifier:
      '*'
  |   '*?'
  |   '+'
  |   '+?'
  |   '?'
  |   '??'
  |   '{' { [ minRepeat ], [ maxRepeat ] } '}' ['?']
  |   '{' repeat '}'

Precautions

Flink SQL uses a lexical policy for identifier (table, attribute, function names) similar to Java:

• The case of identifiers is preserved whether they are quoted.
• Identifiers are matched case-sensitively.
• Unlike Java, back-ticks allow identifiers to contain non-alphanumeric characters (for example SELECT a AS `my field` FROM t).

String literals must be enclosed in single quotes (for example, SELECT'Hello World'). Two single quotation marks are used for escaping (for example, SELECT'It''s me.'). Unicode characters are supported in string literals. If explicit Unicode points are required, use the following syntax:

• Use the backslash (\) as escaping character (default): SELECT U&'\263A'
• Use a custom escaping character: SELECT U&'#263A' UESCAPE '#'