Data Manipulation Language (DML)
DML Statements
Syntax
INSERT INTO table_name [PARTITION part_spec] query part_spec: (part_col_name1=val1 [, part_col_name2=val2, ...]) query: values | { select | selectWithoutFrom | query UNION [ ALL ] query | query EXCEPT query | query INTERSECT query } [ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ] [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ] [ OFFSET start { ROW | ROWS } ] [ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY] orderItem: expression [ ASC | DESC ] select: SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] { * | projectItem [, projectItem ]* } FROM tableExpression [ WHERE booleanExpression ] [ GROUP BY { groupItem [, groupItem ]* } ] [ HAVING booleanExpression ] [ WINDOW windowName AS windowSpec [, windowName AS windowSpec ]* ] selectWithoutFrom: SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] { * | projectItem [, projectItem ]* } projectItem: expression [ [ AS ] columnAlias ] | tableAlias . * tableExpression: tableReference [, tableReference ]* | tableExpression [ NATURAL ] [ LEFT | RIGHT | FULL ] JOIN tableExpression [ joinCondition ] joinCondition: ON booleanExpression | USING '(' column [, column ]* ')' tableReference: tablePrimary [ matchRecognize ] [ [ AS ] alias [ '(' columnAlias [, columnAlias ]* ')' ] ] tablePrimary: [ TABLE ] [ [ catalogName . ] schemaName . ] tableName | LATERAL TABLE '(' functionName '(' expression [, expression ]* ')' ')' | UNNEST '(' expression ')' values: VALUES expression [, expression ]* groupItem: expression | '(' ')' | '(' expression [, expression ]* ')' | CUBE '(' expression [, expression ]* ')' | ROLLUP '(' expression [, expression ]* ')' | GROUPING SETS '(' groupItem [, groupItem ]* ')' windowRef: windowName | windowSpec windowSpec: [ windowName ] '(' [ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ] [ PARTITION BY expression [, expression ]* ] [ RANGE numericOrIntervalExpression {PRECEDING} | ROWS numericExpression {PRECEDING} ] ')' matchRecognize: MATCH_RECOGNIZE '(' [ PARTITION BY expression [, expression ]* ] [ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ] [ MEASURES measureColumn [, measureColumn ]* ] [ ONE ROW PER MATCH ] [ AFTER MATCH ( SKIP TO NEXT ROW | SKIP PAST LAST ROW | SKIP TO FIRST variable | SKIP TO LAST variable | SKIP TO variable ) ] PATTERN '(' pattern ')' [ WITHIN intervalLiteral ] DEFINE variable AS condition [, variable AS condition ]* ')' measureColumn: expression AS alias pattern: patternTerm [ '|' patternTerm ]* patternTerm: patternFactor [ patternFactor ]* patternFactor: variable [ patternQuantifier ] patternQuantifier: '*' | '*?' | '+' | '+?' | '?' | '??' | '{' { [ minRepeat ], [ maxRepeat ] } '}' ['?'] | '{' repeat '}'
Precautions
Flink SQL uses a lexical policy for identifier (table, attribute, function names) similar to Java:
- The case of identifiers is preserved whether they are quoted.
- Identifiers are matched case-sensitively.
- Unlike Java, back-ticks allow identifiers to contain non-alphanumeric characters (for example, SELECT a AS `my field` FROM t).
String literals must be enclosed in single quotes (for example, SELECT'Hello World'). Duplicate a single quote for escaping (for example, SELECT 'It''s me.'). Unicode characters are supported in string literals. If explicit Unicode points are required, use the following syntax:
- Use the backslash (\) as an escaping character (default): SELECT U&'\263A'
- Use a custom escaping character: SELECT U&'#263A' UESCAPE '#'
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