Migrating Data to RDS for MySQL Using mysqldump
Preparing for Data Migration
You can access RDS DB instances through an EIP or through an ECS.
- Prepare an ECS for accessing DB instances in the same VPC or prepare a device for accessing RDS through an EIP.
- To connect to a DB instance through an ECS, you need to create an ECS first.
- To connect to a DB instance through an EIP, you must:
- Bind an EIP to the DB instance. For details, see Binding an EIP.
- Ensure that the local device can access the EIP.
- Install a MySQL client on the prepared ECS or device.
The MySQL client version must be the same as the DB engine version of your RDS for MySQL instance. A MySQL database or client will provide mysqldump and mysql.
After data is migrated to RDS, you may need to change the IP address. For details, see Viewing and Changing a Floating IP Address.
RDS system databases mysql and sys cannot be imported from one RDS for MySQL instance to another.
Exporting Data
Before migrating a database to RDS, its data needs to be exported.
- The export tool must match the DB engine version.
- Database migration is performed offline. Before the migration, you have to stop all applications using the source database.
- Log in to the source database.
- Use the mysqldump tool to export the table structure to an SQL file.
The mysql database is required for RDS management. When exporting the table structure, do not specify --all-database. Otherwise, a database fault will occur.
mysqldump--databases<DB_NAME>--single-transaction --order-by-primary --hex-blob --no-data --routines --events --set-gtid-purged=OFF-u <DB_USER>-p -h<DB_ADDRESS>-P <DB_PORT>|sed -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=[ ]*[^*]*\*/\*/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*FUNCTION/FUNCTION/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*TRIGGER/TRIGGER/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*EVENT/EVENT/' ><BACKUP_FILE>
- DB_NAME indicates the name of the database to be migrated.
- DB_USER indicates the database username.
- DB_ADDRESS indicates the database address.
- DB_PORT indicates the database port.
- BACKUP_FILE indicates the name of the file to which the data will be exported.
Enter the database password when prompted.
Example:
mysqldump --databases rdsdb --single-transaction --order-by-primary --hex-blob --no-data --routines --events --set-gtid-purged=OFF -u root -p -h 192.168.151.18 -P 3306 |sed -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=[ ]*[^*]*\*/\*/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*FUNCTION/FUNCTION/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*TRIGGER/TRIGGER/' -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=.*EVENT/EVENT/' > dump-defs.sql
Enter password:
If you use mysqldump with a version earlier than 5.6, remove --set-gtid-purged=OFF before running this command.
After this command is executed, a dump-defs.sql file will be generated as follows:
[rds@localhost ~]$ ll dump-defs.sql -rw-r-----. 1 rds rds 2714 Sep 21 08:23 dump-defs.sql
- Use the mysqldump tool to export data to an SQL file.
The mysql database is required for RDS management. When exporting data, do not specify --all-database. Otherwise, a database fault will occur.
mysqldump --databases<DB_NAME>--single-transaction --hex-blob --set-gtid-purged=OFF --no-create-info --skip-triggers-u<DB_USER>-p-h<DB_ADDRESS>-P<DB_PORT>-r<BACKUP_FILE>
For details on the parameters in the preceding command, see 2.
Enter the database password when prompted.
Example:
mysqldump --databases rdsdb --single-transaction --hex-blob --set-gtid-purged=OFF --no-create-info --skip-triggers -u root -p -h 192.168.151.18 -P -r dump-data.sql
If you use mysqldump with a version earlier than 5.6, remove --set-gtid-purged=OFF before running this command.
After this command is executed, a dump-data.sql file will be generated as follows:
[rds@localhost ~]$ ll dump-data.sql -rw-r-----. 1 rds rds 2714 Sep 21 08:23 dump-data.sql
Importing Data
You can connect your client to RDS and import exported SQL files into RDS.
If the source database calls triggers, stored procedures, functions, or events, you must set log_bin_trust_function_creators to ON on the destination database before importing data.
- Log in to the ECS or the device that can access the RDS DB instance.
- Connect to the RDS DB instance through a client.
- Import the table structure into RDS.
# mysql -f -h<RDS_ADDRESS>-P<DB_PORT>-uroot-p < <BACKUP_DIR>/dump-defs.sql
- RDS_ADDRESS indicates the IP address of the RDS DB instance.
- DB_PORT indicates the RDS DB instance port.
- BACKUP_DIR indicates the directory where dump-defs.sql is stored.
Example:
# mysql -f -h 172.16.66.198 -P 3306 -u root -p < dump-defs.sql
Enter password:
If you intend to import SQL statements of a table to RDS, specify a database in the command. Otherwise, the error message "No database selected" may be displayed. For example, if you intend to import SQL statements of a table to database mydb, run the following command:
# mysql -f -h 172.16.66.198 -P 3306 -u root -p mydb < dump-defs.sql
Enter password:
- Import data into RDS.
# mysql -f -h<RDS_ADDRESS>-P<DB_PORT>-uroot-p< <BACKUP_DIR>/dump-data.sql
- RDS_ADDRESS indicates the IP address of the RDS DB instance.
- DB_PORT indicates the RDS DB instance port.
- BACKUP_DIR indicates the directory where dump-data.sql is stored.
Example:
# mysql -f -h 172.16.66.198 -P 3306 -u root -p < dump-data.sql
Enter password:
If you intend to import SQL statements of a table to RDS, specify a database in the command. Otherwise, the error message "No database selected" may be displayed. For example, if you intend to import SQL statements of a table to database mydb, run the following command:
# mysql -f -h 172.16.66.198 -P 3306 -u root -p mydb < dump-defs.sql
Enter password:
- View the import result.
mysql> show databases;
The following result indicates that database rdsdb has been imported.
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | rdsdb | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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