High-Performance Binding Type
If a large amount of data needs to be inserted, you are advised to perform the following operations:
- You need to set UseBatchProtocol to 1 in the odbc.ini file and support_batch_bind to on in the database.
- The ODBC program binding type must be the same as that in the database.
- The character set of the client is the same as that of the database.
- The transaction is committed manually.
odbc.ini configuration file:
[gaussdb] Driver=GaussMPP Servername=10.10.0.13 # Database server IP address ... UseBatchProtocol=1 # Enabled by default ConnSettings=set client_encoding=UTF8 # Set the character code on the client to be the same as that on the server.
The binding type example is as follows:
Prerequisite: The data source has been configured successfully. For Linux OS, see Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS. For Windows OS, see Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS.
#ifdef WIN32 #include <windows.h> #endif #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sql.h> #include <sqlext.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/time.h> #define MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN 128 SQLHANDLE h_env = NULL; SQLHANDLE h_conn = NULL; SQLHANDLE h_stmt = NULL; void print_error() { SQLCHAR Sqlstate[SQL_SQLSTATE_SIZE+1]; SQLINTEGER NativeError; SQLCHAR MessageText[MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN]; SQLSMALLINT TextLength; SQLRETURN ret = SQL_ERROR; ret = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, h_stmt, 1, Sqlstate, &NativeError, MessageText, MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, &TextLength); if ( SQL_SUCCESS == ret) { printf("\n STMT ERROR-%05d %s", NativeError, MessageText); return; } ret = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn, 1, Sqlstate, &NativeError, MessageText, MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, &TextLength); if ( SQL_SUCCESS == ret) { printf("\n CONN ERROR-%05d %s", NativeError, MessageText); return; } ret = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env, 1, Sqlstate, &NativeError, MessageText, MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, &TextLength); if ( SQL_SUCCESS == ret) { printf("\n ENV ERROR-%05d %s", NativeError, MessageText); return; } return; } /* Expect the function to return SQL_SUCCESS. */ #define RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(func) \ {\ SQLRETURN ret_value = (func);\ if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret_value)\ {\ print_error();\ printf("\n failed line = %u: expect SQL_SUCCESS, but ret = %d", __LINE__, ret_value);\ return SQL_ERROR; \ }\ } /* Expect the function to return SQL_SUCCESS. */ #define RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_I(i, func) \ {\ SQLRETURN ret_value = (func);\ if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret_value)\ {\ print_error();\ printf("\n failed line = %u (i=%d): : expect SQL_SUCCESS, but ret = %d", __LINE__, (i), ret_value);\ return SQL_ERROR; \ }\ } /* Expect the function to return SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO. */ #define RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_INFO(func) \ {\ SQLRETURN ret_value = (func);\ if (SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO != ret_value)\ {\ print_error();\ printf("\n failed line = %u: expect SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO, but ret = %d", __LINE__, ret_value);\ return SQL_ERROR; \ }\ } /* Expect the values are the same. */ #define RETURN_IF_NOT(expect, value) \ if ((expect) != (value))\ {\ printf("\n failed line = %u: expect = %u, but value = %u", __LINE__, (expect), (value)); \ return SQL_ERROR;\ } /* Expect the character strings are the same. */ #define RETURN_IF_NOT_STRCMP_I(i, expect, value) \ if (( NULL == (expect) ) || (NULL == (value)))\ {\ printf("\n failed line = %u (i=%u): input NULL pointer !", __LINE__, (i)); \ return SQL_ERROR; \ }\ else if (0 != strcmp((expect), (value)))\ {\ printf("\n failed line = %u (i=%u): expect = %s, but value = %s", __LINE__, (i), (expect), (value)); \ return SQL_ERROR;\ } /* prepare + execute SQL statement */ int execute_cmd(SQLCHAR *sql) { if ( NULL == sql ) { return SQL_ERROR; } if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql, SQL_NTS)) { return SQL_ERROR; } if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLExecute(h_stmt)) { return SQL_ERROR; } return SQL_SUCCESS; } /* execute + commit handle */ int commit_exec() { if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLExecute(h_stmt)) { return SQL_ERROR; } /* Manual committing */ if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn, SQL_COMMIT)) { return SQL_ERROR; } return SQL_SUCCESS; } int begin_unit_test() { SQLINTEGER ret; /* Allocate an environment handle. */ ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &h_env); if ((SQL_SUCCESS != ret) && (SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO != ret)) { printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLAllocHandle SQL_HANDLE_ENV failed ! ret = %d", ret); return SQL_ERROR; } /* Set the version number before connection. */ if (SQL_SUCCESS != SQLSetEnvAttr(h_env, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0)) { print_error(); printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLSetEnvAttr SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION failed ! ret = %d", ret); SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env); return SQL_ERROR; } /* Allocate a connection handle. */ ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_env, &h_conn); if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret) { print_error(); printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLAllocHandle SQL_HANDLE_DBC failed ! ret = %d", ret); SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env); return SQL_ERROR; } /* Establish a connection. */ ret = SQLConnect(h_conn, (SQLCHAR*) "gaussdb", SQL_NTS, (SQLCHAR*) NULL, 0, NULL, 0); if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret) { print_error(); printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLConnect failed ! ret = %d", ret); SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn); SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env); return SQL_ERROR; } /* Allocate a statement handle. */ ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, h_conn, &h_stmt); if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret) { print_error(); printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLAllocHandle SQL_HANDLE_STMT failed ! ret = %d", ret); SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn); SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env); return SQL_ERROR; } return SQL_SUCCESS; } void end_unit_test() { /* Release a statement handle. */ if (NULL != h_stmt) { SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, h_stmt); } /* Release a connection handle. */ if (NULL != h_conn) { SQLDisconnect(h_conn); SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn); } /* Release an environment handle. */ if (NULL != h_env) { SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env); } return; } int main() { /* begin test */ if (begin_unit_test() != SQL_SUCCESS) { printf("\n begin_test_unit failed."); return SQL_ERROR; } /* The handle configuration is the same as that in the preceding case. */ int i = 0; SQLCHAR* sql_drop = "drop table if exists test_bindnumber_001"; SQLCHAR* sql_create = "create table test_bindnumber_001(" "f4 number, f5 number(10, 2)" ")"; SQLCHAR* sql_insert = "insert into test_bindnumber_001 values(?, ?)"; SQLCHAR* sql_select = "select * from test_bindnumber_001"; SQLLEN RowCount; SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT st_number; SQLCHAR getValue[2][MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN]; /* Step 1. Create a table. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_drop)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_create)); /* Step 2.1 Bind parameters using the SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT structure. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); /* First line: 1234.5678 */ memset(st_number.val, 0, SQL_MAX_NUMERIC_LEN); st_number.precision = 8; st_number.scale = 4; st_number.sign = 1; st_number.val[0] = 0x4E; st_number.val[1] = 0x61; st_number.val[2] = 0xBC; RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL)); /* Disable the automatic commit function. */ SQLSetConnectAttr(h_conn, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF, 0); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Second line: 12345678 */ memset(st_number.val, 0, SQL_MAX_NUMERIC_LEN); st_number.precision = 8; st_number.scale = 0; st_number.sign = 1; st_number.val[0] = 0x4E; st_number.val[1] = 0x61; st_number.val[2] = 0xBC; RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 0, &st_number, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 0, &st_number, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Third line: 12345678 */ memset(st_number.val, 0, SQL_MAX_NUMERIC_LEN); st_number.precision = 0; st_number.scale = 4; st_number.sign = 1; st_number.val[0] = 0x4E; st_number.val[1] = 0x61; st_number.val[2] = 0xBC; RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Step 2.2 Bind parameters by using the SQL_C_CHAR character string in the fourth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); SQLCHAR* szNumber = "1234.5678"; RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_NUMERIC, strlen(szNumber), 0, szNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_NUMERIC, strlen(szNumber), 0, szNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Step 2.3 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_FLOAT in the fifth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); SQLREAL fNumber = 1234.5678; RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_FLOAT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(fNumber), 4, &fNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_FLOAT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(fNumber), 4, &fNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Step 2.4 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_DOUBLE in the sixth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); SQLDOUBLE dNumber = 1234.5678; RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_DOUBLE, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(dNumber), 4, &dNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_DOUBLE, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(dNumber), 4, &dNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); SQLBIGINT bNumber1 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; SQLBIGINT bNumber2 = 12345; /* Step 2.5 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_SBIGINT in the seventh line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber1), 4, &bNumber1, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber2), 4, &bNumber2, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Step 2.6 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_UBIGINT in the eighth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber1), 4, &bNumber1, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber2), 4, &bNumber2, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); SQLLEN lNumber1 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; SQLLEN lNumber2 = 12345; /* Step 2.7 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_LONG in the ninth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_LONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber1), 0, &lNumber1, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_LONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber2), 0, &lNumber2, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Step 2.8 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_ULONG in the tenth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_ULONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber1), 0, &lNumber1, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_ULONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber2), 0, &lNumber2, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); SQLSMALLINT sNumber = 0xFFFF; /* Step 2.9 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_SHORT in the eleventh line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Step 2.10 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_USHORT in the twelfth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_USHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_USHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); SQLCHAR cNumber = 0xFF; /* Step 2.11 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_TINYINT in the thirteenth line. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Step 2.12 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_UTINYINT in the fourteenth line.*/ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UTINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UTINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount); /* Use the character string type to unify the expectation. */ SQLCHAR* expectValue[14][2] = {{"1234.5678", "1234.57"}, {"12345678", "12345678"}, {"0", "0"}, {"1234.5678", "1234.57"}, {"1234.5677", "1234.57"}, {"1234.5678", "1234.57"}, {"-1", "12345"}, {"18446744073709551615", "12345"}, {"-1", "12345"}, {"4294967295", "12345"}, {"-1", "-1"}, {"65535", "65535"}, {"-1", "-1"}, {"255", "255"}, }; RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_select)); while ( SQL_NO_DATA != SQLFetch(h_stmt)) { RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_I(i, SQLGetData(h_stmt, 1, SQL_C_CHAR, &getValue[0], MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, NULL)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_I(i, SQLGetData(h_stmt, 2, SQL_C_CHAR, &getValue[1], MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, NULL)); i++; } printf("\nComplete!\n"); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount)); RETURN_IF_NOT(i, RowCount); SQLCloseCursor(h_stmt); /* Final step. Delete the table and restore the environment. */ RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_drop)); RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec()); end_unit_test(); }

In the preceding example, the number column is defined. When the SQLBindParameter API is called, the performance of binding SQL_NUMERIC is higher than that of SQL_LONG. If char is used, the data type needs to be converted when data is inserted to the database server, causing a performance bottleneck.
The running result is as follows:
Complete!
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