From MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)

Supported Source and Destination Databases

Prerequisites

• You have logged in to the DRS console.
• Your account balance is greater than or equal to $0 USD.
• For details about the DB types and versions supported by real-time synchronization, see Supported Databases.
• If a subaccount is used to create a DRS task, ensure that an agency has been added. To create an agency, see Agency Management.

Suggestions

• When a task is being started or in the full synchronization phase, do not perform DDL operations on the source database. Otherwise, the task may be abnormal.
• To keep data consistency before and after the synchronization, ensure that no data is written to the destination database during the synchronization.

• The success of database synchronization depends on environment and manual operations. To ensure a smooth synchronization, perform a synchronization trial before you start the synchronization to help you detect and resolve problems in advance.
• Start your synchronization task during off-peak hours. A less active database is easier to synchronize successfully. If the data is fairly static, there is less likely to be any severe performance impacts during the synchronization.
  • If network bandwidth is not limited, the query rate of the source database increases by about 50 MB/s during full synchronization, and two to four CPUs are occupied.
  • To ensure data consistency, tables to be synchronized without a primary key may be locked for 3s.
  • The data being synchronized may be locked by other transactions for a long period of time, resulting in read timeout.
  • Due to the inherent characteristics of MySQL, in certain scenarios the performance may be negatively affected. For example, if the CPU resources are insufficient and the storage engine is TokuDB, the read speed on tables may be decreased by 10%.
  • When DRS concurrently reads data from a database, it will use about 6 to 10 sessions. The impact of the connections on services must be considered.
  • If you read a table, especially a large table, during the full migration, the exclusive lock on that table may be blocked.
  • For more information about the impact of DRS on databases, see What Is the Impact of DRS on Source and Destination Databases?
• Data-Level Comparison

  To obtain accurate comparison results, compare data at a specified time point during off-peak hours. If it is needed, select Start at a specified time for Comparison Time. Due to slight time difference and continuous operations on data, data inconsistency may occur, reducing the reliability and validity of the comparison results.

Precautions

Before creating a synchronization task, read the following notes:

• You are advised to create an independent database account for DRS task connection to prevent task failures caused by database account password modification.
• After changing the account passwords for the source or destination databases, modify the connection information in the DRS task as soon as possible to prevent automatic retry after a task failure. Automatic retry will lock the database accounts.

Procedure

This section uses many-to-one synchronization from RDS for MySQL to GaussDB(DWS) as an example to describe how to configure a real-time synchronization task.

1. On the Data Synchronization Management page, click Create Synchronization Task.
2. On the Create Synchronization Instance page, select a region and project, specify the task name, description, and the synchronization instance details, and click Create Now.
   • Task information description
     Figure 1 Synchronization task information
     

     Table 3 Task and recipient description

     Parameter	Description
     Region	The region where the synchronization instance is deployed. You can change the region.
     Project	The project corresponds to the current region and can be changed.
     Task Name	The task name must start with a letter and consist of 4 to 50 characters. It can contain only letters, digits, hyphens (-), and underscores (_).
     Description	The description consists of a maximum of 256 characters and cannot contain special characters !=<>'&"\

   • Synchronization instance details
     Figure 2 Synchronization instance details
     

     Table 4 Synchronization instance settings

     Parameter	Description
     Data Flow	Select To the cloud.
     Source DB Engine	Select MySQL.
     Destination DB Engine	Select GaussDB(DWS).
     Network Type	The VPC network is used as an example. Available options: VPC, Public network and VPN or Direct Connect
     Instance Type	DRS instance type. The value can be Single or Primary/Standby. Primary/Standby: This architecture provides HA, improving the reliability of DRS instances. After a primary/standby instance is created, DRS creates two subtasks, each running on the primary and standby nodes. If the subtask on the primary node fails, DRS automatically starts the subtask on the standby node to continue the synchronization. Single: The single-node deployment architecture is used, which is cost-effective. This option is available only in specific scenarios. For details, see Performing a Primary/Standby Switchover.
     Destination DB Instance	An available GaussDB(DWS) instance.
     Synchronization Instance Subnet	Select the subnet where the synchronization instance is located. You can also click View Subnet to go to the network console to view the subnet where the instance resides. By default, the DRS instance and the destination DB instance are in the same subnet. You need to select the subnet where the DRS instance resides and ensure that there are available IP addresses. To ensure that the synchronization instance is successfully created, only subnets with DHCP enabled are displayed.
     Synchronization Mode	Available options: Full+Incremental, Full, and Incremental. In this section, Full+Incremental is used as an example. Full+Incremental This synchronization mode allows you to synchronize data in real time. After a full synchronization initializes the destination database, an incremental synchronization parses logs to ensure data consistency between the source and destination databases. NOTE: If you select Full+Incremental, data generated during the full synchronization will be continuously synchronized to the destination database, and the source remains accessible. Full All database objects and data you selected are synchronized to the destination database at a time. This mode is applicable to scenarios where service interruption is acceptable. Incremental In this mode, incremental data generated on the source database is continuously synchronized to the destination database through log parsing.
     AZ	This parameter is available only when you select primary/standby for Instance Type. It indicates the AZ where the DRS instance is created. If the source or destination database is in the same AZ as the DRS instance, you can get better performance. If Instance Type is set to primary/standby, you can specify Primary AZ and Standby AZ. Figure 3 AZ

   • DRS instance specifications
     Figure 4 Specifications
     

     Table 5 Specifications

     Parameter	Description
     Specifications	DRS instance specifications. Different specifications have different performance upper limits. For details, see Real-Time Synchronization. NOTE: Currently, DRS supports specification upgrade only in MySQL-to-MySQL synchronization tasks with single-node DRS instances configured. Task specifications cannot be downgraded. For details, see Changing Specifications.

   • Enterprise Projects and Tags
     Figure 5 Enterprise projects and tags
     

     Table 6 Enterprise Projects and Tags

     Parameter	Description
     Enterprise Project	An enterprise project you would like to use to centrally manage your Global Accelerator resources. Select an enterprise project from the drop-down list. The default project is default. For more information about enterprise project, see Enterprise Management User Guide. To customize an enterprise project, click Enterprise in the upper right corner of the console. The Enterprise Management page is displayed. For details, see Creating an Enterprise Project in Enterprise Management User Guide.
     Tags	This setting is optional. Adding tags helps you better identify and manage your tasks. Each task can have up to 10 tags. After a task is created, you can view its tag details on the Tags tab. For details, see Tag Management.

   

   If a task fails to be created, DRS retains the task for three days by default. After three days, the task automatically ends.

3. On the Configure Source and Destination Databases page, wait until the synchronization instance is created. Then, specify source and destination database information and click Test Connection for both the source and destination databases to check whether they have been connected to the synchronization instance. After the connection tests are successful, select the check box before the agreement and click Next.
   Figure 6 Source database information
   

   Table 7 Source database settings

   Parameter	Description
   Source Database Type	Select Self-built on ECS or RDS DB instance.
   DB Instance Name	Select the RDS DB instance to be synchronized.
   Database Username	The username for accessing the source database.
   Database Password	The password for the database username.

   

   The username and password of the source database are encrypted and stored in DRS and will be cleared after the task is deleted.

   Figure 7 Destination database information
   

   Table 8 Destination database settings

   Parameter	Description
   DB Instance Name	The default value is the GaussDB(DWS) instance selected for creating the migration task. It cannot be changed.
   Database Username	The username for accessing the destination database.
   Database Password	The database username and password are encrypted and stored in the system and will be cleared after the task is deleted.

4. On the Set Synchronization Task page, select the synchronization object type and synchronization object. Click Next.
   Figure 8 Synchronization mode
   

   Table 9 Synchronization mode and object

   Parameter	Description
   Flow Control	You can choose whether to control the flow. Yes You can customize the maximum migration speed. In addition, you can set the time range based on your service requirements. The traffic rate setting usually includes setting of a rate limiting time period and a traffic rate value. Flow can be controlled all day or during specific time ranges. The default value is All day. A maximum of three time ranges can be set, and they cannot overlap. The flow rate must be set based on the service scenario and cannot exceed 9,999 MB/s. Figure 9 Flow control No The synchronization speed is not limited and the outbound bandwidth of the source database is maximally used, which will increase the read burden on the source database. For example, if the outbound bandwidth of the source database is 100 MB/s and 80% bandwidth is used, the I/O consumption on the source database is 80 MB/s. NOTE: The flow control mode takes effect only in the full synchronization phase. You can also change the flow control mode after creating a task. For details, see Modifying the Flow Control Mode.
   Synchronization Object Type	Available options: Table structure, Data, and Constraint Data is selected by default. If Table structure is selected, the destination database cannot contain tables whose names are the same as the source tables to be synchronized. If Table structure is not selected, the destination database must have tables that match the source tables, and the table structure must be the same as the selected source table structures. The table structure of a GaussDB(DWS) database has service logic. You are advised to create a table structure under the guidance of GaussDB(DWS) experts based on service requirements and ensure that the table names, column names, and column types are correct. Otherwise, data synchronization may fail and data synchronization precision may be lost.
   Incremental Conflict Policy	The conflict policy refers to the conflict handling policy during incremental synchronization. By default, conflicts in the full synchronization phase are ignored. Select any of the following conflict policies: Ignore The system will skip the conflicting data and continue the subsequent synchronization process. Report error The synchronization task will be stopped and fail. Overwrite Conflicting data will be overwritten.
   Abnormal Data Policy	Differences between the source and destination databases may cause some data to fail to be written. In this case, there may be abnormal data. Select this option based on how well abnormal data can be tolerated. Continue: A small amount of abnormal data will not cause the synchronization of all data to be stopped. If there is abnormal data, dirty data is automatically recorded. You can view the dirty data in the abnormal data module. Failed: If there is an exception during a task, the task fails and does not continue.
   Start Point	This option is available if you select Incremental in 2. The logs of the source database are obtained from the start point during an incremental synchronization. Run show master status to obtain the source database position and set File, Position, and Executed_Gtid_Set as prompted.
   Data Synchronization Topology	This parameter is available when Incremental DDLs is selected for Synchronize. Data synchronization supports multiple synchronization topologies. You can plan your synchronization instances based on service requirements. For details, see Data Synchronization Topologies. NOTE: Data Synchronization Topology can be selected only for whitelisted users. You need to submit a service ticket to apply for this function. In the upper right corner of the management console, choose Service Tickets > Create Service Ticket to submit a service ticket.
   Synchronize DDLs	This parameter is available when Incremental DDLs is selected for Synchronize. Select DDL type for incremental synchronization. You can select Default or Custom based on your service requirements. Default During database-level synchronization, all DDL operations in the binlog related to database objects, except DDL related to permissions, are synchronized to the destination. Common DDL statements are CREATE_TABLE and RENAME_TABLE. During table-level synchronization, only DDL operations in the binlog related to the selected tables are synchronized. Common DDL statements are ADD_COLUMN, MODIFY_COLUMN, and ALTER_COLUMN. Custom: You can select the DDL type to be synchronized as required. The DDL types supported by different data flow types are displayed on the GUI. NOTE: Only whitelisted users can synchronize incremental DDL operations. You need to submit a service ticket to apply for this function. In the upper right corner of the management console, choose Service Tickets > Create Service Ticket to submit a service ticket. One-to-one and one-to-many scenarios: If the DDL usage of the source and destination databases must be consistent, high-risk DDLs must be synchronized. If you do not want a high-risk DDL to be performed in the destination, deselect the high-risk DDL to protect destination data. However, this may cause the synchronization to fail. However, filtering DDL may cause synchronization to fail, for example, column deletion. Many-to-one scenarios: Synchronize only the Add Column operation, or tasks may fail or data may be inconsistent due to changes in destination tables.
   Synchronization Object	The left pane displays the source database objects, and the right pane displays the selected objects. You can select Tables, Import object file, or Databases for Synchronization Object as required. If the synchronization objects in source and destination databases have different names, you can map the source object name to the destination one to enable many-to-one synchronization. For details, see Mapping Object Names. When you map multiple tables to one table, use the additional column to process data to avoid data conflicts. The structure of the source database tables to be mapped must be the same as that of the destination database table. For details about how to import an object file, see Importing Synchronization Objects. If you select Import object file, you can map multiple tables to one table and import up to 10,000 tables. If the table name or the mapping rule is too long, the number of tables to be imported will be affected. NOTE: To quickly select the desired database objects, you can use the search function. If there are changes made to the source databases or objects, click in the upper right corner to update the objects to be synchronized. Object names will be converted to lowercase letters after being synchronized to the destination database. Therefore, the selected source database tables cannot contain tables with the same name but different letter cases. Otherwise, the synchronization fails. If the object name contains spaces, the spaces before and after the object name are not displayed. If there are multiple spaces between the object name and the object name, only one space is displayed. The name of the selected synchronization object cannot contain spaces. In incremental synchronization at the database level, do not create tables with the same name but different letter cases in the source database. Otherwise, one of the tables cannot be synchronized.

5. On the Processing Data page, filter data or add additional columns for the table object to be processed, and click Next.
   • If you need to set data filtering, click Data Filtering and set related filtering rules.
   • If you need to add additional columns, click the Additional Columns tab, click Add in the Operation column, and enter the column name and the operation type.

     For details about related operations, see Processing Data.

   Figure 10 Processing data
   

6. On the Check Task page, check the synchronization task.
   • If any check fails, review the cause and rectify the fault. After the fault is rectified, click Check Again.

     For details about how to handle check failures, see Checking Whether the Source Database Is Connected in Data Replication Service User Guide.

   • If all check items are successful, click Next.
     Figure 11 Pre-check
     
     

     You can proceed to the next step only when all checks are successful. If there are any items that require confirmation, view and confirm the details first before proceeding to the next step.

7. On the displayed page, specify Start Time, Send Notification, SMN Topic, Synchronization Delay Threshold, and Stop Abnormal Tasks After, confirm that the configured information is correct, select the check box before the agreement, and click Submit to submit the task.
   Figure 12 Task startup settings
   

   Table 10 Task startup settings

   Parameter	Description
   Started Time	Set Start Time to Start upon task creation or Start at a specified time based on site requirements. NOTE: After a synchronization task is started, the performance of the source and destination databases may be affected. You are advised to start a synchronization task during off-peak hours.
   Send Notifications	SMN topic. This parameter is optional. If an exception occurs during synchronization, the system will send a notification to the specified recipients.
   SMN Topic	This parameter is available only after you enable Send Notifications and create a topic on the SMN console and add a subscriber. For details, see Simple Message Notification User Guide.
   Synchronization Delay Threshold	During an incremental synchronization, a synchronization delay indicates a time difference (in seconds) of synchronization between the source and destination database. If the synchronization delay exceeds the threshold you specify, DRS will send alarms to the specified recipients. The value ranges from 0 to 3,600. To avoid repeated alarms caused by the fluctuation of delay, an alarm is sent only after the delay has exceeded the threshold for six minutes. NOTE: If the delay threshold is set to 0, no notifications will be sent to the recipient. In the early stages of an incremental synchronization, the synchronization delay is long because a large quantity of data is awaiting synchronization. In this case, no notifications will be sent. Before setting the delay threshold, enable Send Notification.
   Stop Abnormal Tasks After	Number of days after which an abnormal task is automatically stopped. The value must range from 14 to 100. The default value is 14. NOTE: Tasks in the abnormal state are still charged. If tasks remain in the abnormal state for a long time, they cannot be resumed. Abnormal tasks run longer than the period you set (unit: day) will automatically stop to avoid unnecessary fees.

8. After the task is submitted, you can view and manage it on the Data Synchronization Management page.
   • You can view the task status. For more information about task status, see Task Statuses.
   • You can click in the upper-right corner to view the latest task status.
   • By default, DRS retains a task in the Configuration state for three days. After three days, DRS automatically deletes background resources, and the task status remains unchanged. When you restart the task configuration, DRS applies for resources again.