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High-Performance Binding Type
Updated on 2025-08-19 GMT+08:00
High-Performance Binding Type
If a large amount of data needs to be inserted, you are advised to perform the following operations:
- You need to set UseBatchProtocol to 1 in the odbc.ini file and support_batch_bind to on in the database.
- The ODBC program binding type must be the same as that in the database.
- The character set of the client is the same as that of the database.
- The transaction is committed manually.
odbc.ini configuration file:
[gaussdb] Driver=GaussMPP Servername=10.10.0.13 # Database server IP address ... UseBatchProtocol=1 # Enabled by default ConnSettings=set client_encoding=UTF8 # Set the character code on the client to be the same as that on the server.
The binding type example is as follows:
Prerequisite: The data source has been configured successfully. For Linux OS, see Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS. For Windows OS, see Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS.
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#define MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN 128
SQLHANDLE h_env = NULL;
SQLHANDLE h_conn = NULL;
SQLHANDLE h_stmt = NULL;
void print_error()
{
SQLCHAR Sqlstate[SQL_SQLSTATE_SIZE+1];
SQLINTEGER NativeError;
SQLCHAR MessageText[MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN];
SQLSMALLINT TextLength;
SQLRETURN ret = SQL_ERROR;
ret = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, h_stmt, 1, Sqlstate, &NativeError, MessageText, MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, &TextLength);
if ( SQL_SUCCESS == ret)
{
printf("\n STMT ERROR-%05d %s", NativeError, MessageText);
return;
}
ret = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn, 1, Sqlstate, &NativeError, MessageText, MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, &TextLength);
if ( SQL_SUCCESS == ret)
{
printf("\n CONN ERROR-%05d %s", NativeError, MessageText);
return;
}
ret = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env, 1, Sqlstate, &NativeError, MessageText, MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, &TextLength);
if ( SQL_SUCCESS == ret)
{
printf("\n ENV ERROR-%05d %s", NativeError, MessageText);
return;
}
return;
}
/* Expect the function to return SQL_SUCCESS. */
#define RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(func) \
{\
SQLRETURN ret_value = (func);\
if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret_value)\
{\
print_error();\
printf("\n failed line = %u: expect SQL_SUCCESS, but ret = %d", __LINE__, ret_value);\
return SQL_ERROR; \
}\
}
/* Expect the function to return SQL_SUCCESS. */
#define RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_I(i, func) \
{\
SQLRETURN ret_value = (func);\
if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret_value)\
{\
print_error();\
printf("\n failed line = %u (i=%d): : expect SQL_SUCCESS, but ret = %d", __LINE__, (i), ret_value);\
return SQL_ERROR; \
}\
}
/* Expect the function to return SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO. */
#define RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_INFO(func) \
{\
SQLRETURN ret_value = (func);\
if (SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO != ret_value)\
{\
print_error();\
printf("\n failed line = %u: expect SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO, but ret = %d", __LINE__, ret_value);\
return SQL_ERROR; \
}\
}
/* Expect the values are the same. */
#define RETURN_IF_NOT(expect, value) \
if ((expect) != (value))\
{\
printf("\n failed line = %u: expect = %u, but value = %u", __LINE__, (expect), (value)); \
return SQL_ERROR;\
}
/* Expect the character strings are the same. */
#define RETURN_IF_NOT_STRCMP_I(i, expect, value) \
if (( NULL == (expect) ) || (NULL == (value)))\
{\
printf("\n failed line = %u (i=%u): input NULL pointer !", __LINE__, (i)); \
return SQL_ERROR; \
}\
else if (0 != strcmp((expect), (value)))\
{\
printf("\n failed line = %u (i=%u): expect = %s, but value = %s", __LINE__, (i), (expect), (value)); \
return SQL_ERROR;\
}
/* prepare + execute SQL statement */
int execute_cmd(SQLCHAR *sql)
{
if ( NULL == sql )
{
return SQL_ERROR;
}
if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql, SQL_NTS))
{
return SQL_ERROR;
}
if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLExecute(h_stmt))
{
return SQL_ERROR;
}
return SQL_SUCCESS;
}
/* execute + commit handle */
int commit_exec()
{
if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLExecute(h_stmt))
{
return SQL_ERROR;
}
/* Manual commit */
if ( SQL_SUCCESS != SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn, SQL_COMMIT))
{
return SQL_ERROR;
}
return SQL_SUCCESS;
}
int begin_unit_test()
{
SQLINTEGER ret;
/* Allocate an environment handle. */
ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &h_env);
if ((SQL_SUCCESS != ret) && (SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO != ret))
{
printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLAllocHandle SQL_HANDLE_ENV failed ! ret = %d", ret);
return SQL_ERROR;
}
/* Set the version number before connection. */
if (SQL_SUCCESS != SQLSetEnvAttr(h_env, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0))
{
print_error();
printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLSetEnvAttr SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION failed ! ret = %d", ret);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env);
return SQL_ERROR;
}
/* Allocate a connection handle. */
ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_env, &h_conn);
if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret)
{
print_error();
printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLAllocHandle SQL_HANDLE_DBC failed ! ret = %d", ret);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env);
return SQL_ERROR;
}
/* Establish a connection. */
ret = SQLConnect(h_conn, (SQLCHAR*) "gaussdb", SQL_NTS,
(SQLCHAR*) NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret)
{
print_error();
printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLConnect failed ! ret = %d", ret);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env);
return SQL_ERROR;
}
/* Allocate a statement handle. */
ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, h_conn, &h_stmt);
if (SQL_SUCCESS != ret)
{
print_error();
printf("\n begin_unit_test::SQLAllocHandle SQL_HANDLE_STMT failed ! ret = %d", ret);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env);
return SQL_ERROR;
}
return SQL_SUCCESS;
}
void end_unit_test()
{
/* Release a statement handle. */
if (NULL != h_stmt)
{
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, h_stmt);
}
/* Release a connection handle. */
if (NULL != h_conn)
{
SQLDisconnect(h_conn);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, h_conn);
}
/* Release an environment handle. */
if (NULL != h_env)
{
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, h_env);
}
return;
}
int main()
{
/* begin test */
if (begin_unit_test() != SQL_SUCCESS)
{
printf("\n begin_test_unit failed.");
return SQL_ERROR;
}
/* The handle configuration is the same as that in the preceding case. */
int i = 0;
SQLCHAR* sql_drop = "drop table if exists test_bindnumber_001";
SQLCHAR* sql_create = "create table test_bindnumber_001("
"f4 number, f5 number(10, 2)"
")";
SQLCHAR* sql_insert = "insert into test_bindnumber_001 values(?, ?)";
SQLCHAR* sql_select = "select * from test_bindnumber_001";
SQLLEN RowCount;
SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT st_number;
SQLCHAR getValue[2][MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN];
/* Step 1. Create a table. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_drop));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_create));
/* Step 2.1 Bind parameters using the SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT structure. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
/* First line: 1234.5678 */
memset(st_number.val, 0, SQL_MAX_NUMERIC_LEN);
st_number.precision = 8;
st_number.scale = 4;
st_number.sign = 1;
st_number.val[0] = 0x4E;
st_number.val[1] = 0x61;
st_number.val[2] = 0xBC;
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL));
/* Disable the automatic commit function. */
SQLSetConnectAttr(h_conn, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF, 0);
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Second line: 12345678 */
memset(st_number.val, 0, SQL_MAX_NUMERIC_LEN);
st_number.precision = 8;
st_number.scale = 0;
st_number.sign = 1;
st_number.val[0] = 0x4E;
st_number.val[1] = 0x61;
st_number.val[2] = 0xBC;
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 0, &st_number, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 0, &st_number, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Third line: 12345678 */
memset(st_number.val, 0, SQL_MAX_NUMERIC_LEN);
st_number.precision = 0;
st_number.scale = 4;
st_number.sign = 1;
st_number.val[0] = 0x4E;
st_number.val[1] = 0x61;
st_number.val[2] = 0xBC;
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_NUMERIC, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT), 4, &st_number, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Step 2.2 Bind parameters by using the SQL_C_CHAR character string in the fourth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
SQLCHAR* szNumber = "1234.5678";
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_NUMERIC, strlen(szNumber), 0, szNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_NUMERIC, strlen(szNumber), 0, szNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Step 2.3 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_FLOAT in the fifth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
SQLREAL fNumber = 1234.5678;
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_FLOAT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(fNumber), 4, &fNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_FLOAT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(fNumber), 4, &fNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Step 2.4 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_DOUBLE in the sixth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
SQLDOUBLE dNumber = 1234.5678;
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_DOUBLE, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(dNumber), 4, &dNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_DOUBLE, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(dNumber), 4, &dNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
SQLBIGINT bNumber1 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
SQLBIGINT bNumber2 = 12345;
/* Step 2.5 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_SBIGINT in the seventh line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber1), 4, &bNumber1, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber2), 4, &bNumber2, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Step 2.6 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_UBIGINT in the eighth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber1), 4, &bNumber1, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UBIGINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(bNumber2), 4, &bNumber2, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
SQLLEN lNumber1 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
SQLLEN lNumber2 = 12345;
/* Step 2.7 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_LONG in the ninth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_LONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber1), 0, &lNumber1, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_LONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber2), 0, &lNumber2, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Step 2.8 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_ULONG in the tenth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_ULONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber1), 0, &lNumber1, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_ULONG, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(lNumber2), 0, &lNumber2, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
SQLSMALLINT sNumber = 0xFFFF;
/* Step 2.9 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_SHORT in the eleventh line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_SHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Step 2.10 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_USHORT in the twelfth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_USHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_USHORT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(sNumber), 0, &sNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
SQLCHAR cNumber = 0xFF;
/* Step 2.11 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_TINYINT in the thirteenth line. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Step 2.12 Bind parameters by using SQL_C_UTINYINT in the fourteenth line.*/
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLPrepare(h_stmt, sql_insert, SQL_NTS));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UTINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLBindParameter(h_stmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_UTINYINT, SQL_NUMERIC, sizeof(cNumber), 0, &cNumber, 0, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(1, RowCount);
/* Use the character string type to unify the expectation. */
SQLCHAR* expectValue[14][2] = {{"1234.5678", "1234.57"},
{"12345678", "12345678"},
{"0", "0"},
{"1234.5678", "1234.57"},
{"1234.5677", "1234.57"},
{"1234.5678", "1234.57"},
{"-1", "12345"},
{"18446744073709551615", "12345"},
{"-1", "12345"},
{"4294967295", "12345"},
{"-1", "-1"},
{"65535", "65535"},
{"-1", "-1"},
{"255", "255"},
};
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_select));
while ( SQL_NO_DATA != SQLFetch(h_stmt))
{
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_I(i, SQLGetData(h_stmt, 1, SQL_C_CHAR, &getValue[0], MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, NULL));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS_I(i, SQLGetData(h_stmt, 2, SQL_C_CHAR, &getValue[1], MESSAGE_BUFFER_LEN, NULL));
i++;
}
printf("\nComplete!\n");
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(SQLRowCount(h_stmt, &RowCount));
RETURN_IF_NOT(i, RowCount);
SQLCloseCursor(h_stmt);
/* Final step. Drop the table and restore the environment. */
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(execute_cmd(sql_drop));
RETURN_IF_NOT_SUCCESS(commit_exec());
end_unit_test();
}
In the preceding example, the number column is defined. When the SQLBindParameter API is called, the performance of binding SQL_NUMERIC is higher than that of SQL_LONG. If char is used, the data type needs to be converted when data is inserted to the database server, causing a performance bottleneck.
The running result is as follows:
Complete!
Parent topic: Typical Application Development Examples
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