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Product Bulletin
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Vulnerability Notices
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- Notice of runC systemd Attribute Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2024-3154)
- Notice of the Impact of runC Vulnerability (CVE-2024-21626)
- Notice on the Kubernetes Security Vulnerability (CVE-2022-3172)
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- Notice on nginx-ingress Security Vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-25745 and CVE-2021-25746)
- Notice on the containerd Process Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2022-24769)
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- Notice on the Container Escape Vulnerability Caused by the Linux Kernel (CVE-2022-0492)
- Notice on the Non-Security Handling Vulnerability of containerd Image Volumes (CVE-2022-23648)
- Linux Kernel Integer Overflow Vulnerability (CVE-2022-0185)
- Linux Polkit Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2021-4034)
- Notice on the Vulnerability of Kubernetes subPath Symlink Exchange (CVE-2021-25741)
- Notice of runC Vulnerability That Allows a Container Filesystem Breakout via Directory Traversal (CVE-2021-30465)
- Notice on the Docker Resource Management Vulnerability (CVE-2021-21285)
- Notice of NVIDIA GPU Driver Vulnerability (CVE-2021-1056)
- Notice on the Sudo Buffer Vulnerability (CVE-2021-3156)
- Notice on the Kubernetes Security Vulnerability (CVE-2020-8554)
- Notice of Apache containerd Security Vulnerability (CVE-2020-15257)
- Notice on the Docker Engine Input Verification Vulnerability (CVE-2020-13401)
- Notice of Kubernetes kube-apiserver Input Verification Vulnerability (CVE-2020-8559)
- Notice on the Kubernetes kubelet Resource Management Vulnerability (CVE-2020-8557)
- Notice on the Kubernetes kubelet and kube-proxy Authorization Vulnerability (CVE-2020-8558)
- Notice on Fixing Kubernetes HTTP/2 Vulnerability
- Notice on Fixing Linux Kernel SACK Vulnerabilities
- Notice on Fixing the Docker Command Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2019-5736)
- Notice on Fixing the Kubernetes Permission and Access Control Vulnerability (CVE-2018-1002105)
- Notice of Fixing the Kubernetes Dashboard Security Vulnerability (CVE-2018-18264)
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Product Release Notes
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Cluster Versions
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Kubernetes Version Release Notes
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Add-on Versions
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Cluster Versions
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User Guide
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Clusters
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Cluster Overview
- Basic Cluster Information
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Kubernetes Version Release Notes
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- Kubernetes 1.15 (EOM) Release Notes
- Kubernetes 1.13 (EOM) Release Notes
- Kubernetes 1.11 (EOM) Release Notes
- Release Notes for Kubernetes 1.9 (EOM) and Earlier Versions
- Patch Version Release Notes
- Buying a Cluster
- Connecting to a Cluster
-
Managing a Cluster
- Modifying Cluster Configurations
- Enabling Overload Control for a Cluster
- Changing Cluster Scale
- Changing the Default Security Group of a Node
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- Hibernating or Waking Up a Cluster
- Renewing a Yearly/Monthly Cluster
- Changing the Billing Mode of a Cluster from Pay-per-Use to Yearly/Monthly
-
Upgrading a Cluster
- Process and Method of Upgrading a Cluster
- Before You Start
- Performing Post-Upgrade Verification
- Migrating Services Across Clusters of Different Versions
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Troubleshooting for Pre-upgrade Check Exceptions
- Pre-upgrade Check
- Node Restrictions
- Upgrade Management
- Add-ons
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- containerd.sock
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- NetworkManager
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- Node Configuration File
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- sudo
- Key Node Commands
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-
Cluster Overview
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Nodes
- Node Overview
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- Creating a Node
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Management Nodes
- Managing Node Labels
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- Removing a Node
- Synchronizing the Data of Cloud Servers
- Draining a Node
- Deleting or Unsubscribing from a Node
- Changing the Billing Mode of a Node to Yearly/Monthly
- Modifying the Auto-Renewal Configuration of a Yearly/Monthly Node
- Stopping a Node
-
Node O&M
- Node Resource Reservation Policy
- Space Allocation of a Data Disk
- Maximum Number of Pods That Can Be Created on a Node
- Differences in kubelet and Runtime Component Configurations Between CCE and the Native Community
- Migrating Nodes from Docker to containerd
- Optimizing Node System Parameters
- Configuring Node Fault Detection Policies
- Node Pools
-
Workloads
- Overview
- Creating a Workload
-
Configuring a Workload
- Configuring Time Zone Synchronization
- Configuring an Image Pull Policy
- Using Third-Party Images
- Configuring Container Specifications
- Configuring Container Lifecycle Parameters
- Configuring Container Health Check
- Configuring Environment Variables
- Configuring Workload Upgrade Policies
- Configuring Tolerance Policies
- Configuring Labels and Annotations
- Scheduling a Workload
- Logging In to a Container
- Managing Workloads
- Pod Security
- Scheduling
-
Network
- Overview
-
Container Network
- Overview
-
Cloud Native Network 2.0 Settings
- Cloud Native 2.0 Network Model
- Configuring Pod Subnets of a Cluster
- Binding a Security Group to a Workload Using a Security Group Policy
- Binding a Subnet and Security Group to a Namespace or Workload Using a Container Network Configuration
- Configuring Shared Bandwidth for a Pod with IPv6 Dual-Stack ENIs
- VPC Network Settings
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- Pod Network Settings
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Service
- Overview
- ClusterIP
- NodePort
-
LoadBalancer
- Creating a LoadBalancer Service
- Configuring LoadBalancer Services Using Annotations
- Configuring HTTP/HTTPS for a LoadBalancer Service
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- Configuring HTTP/2 for a LoadBalancer Service
- Configuring Timeout for a LoadBalancer Service
- Configuring Health Check on Multiple Ports of a LoadBalancer Service
- Configuring Passthrough Networking for a LoadBalancer Service
- Setting the Pod Ready Status Through the ELB Health Check
- Headless Services
-
Ingresses
- Overview
-
LoadBalancer Ingresses
- Creating a LoadBalancer Ingress on the Console
- Creating a LoadBalancer Ingress Using kubectl
- Annotations for Configuring LoadBalancer Ingresses
-
Advanced Setting Examples of LoadBalancer Ingresses
- Configuring an HTTPS Certificate for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Configuring SNI for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Configuring Multiple Forwarding Policies for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Configuring HTTP/2 for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Configuring HTTPS Backend Services for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Configuring Timeout for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Configuring a Slow Start for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Configuring a Range of Listening Ports for a LoadBalancer Ingress
- Nginx Ingresses
- DNS
- Configuring Intra-VPC Access
- Accessing the Internet from a Container
- Storage
- Observability
- Auto Scaling
- Namespaces
- ConfigMaps and Secrets
- Add-ons
- Helm Chart
- Permissions
- Settings
-
Old Console
- What Is Cloud Container Engine?
- High-Risk Operations and Solutions
- Clusters
-
Nodes
- Overview
- Buying a Node
- Accepting ECSs as Nodes into a Cluster
- Removing a Node
- Logging In to a Node
- Managing Node Labels
- Synchronizing Node Data
- Configuring Node Scheduling (Tainting)
- Resetting a Node
- Deleting a Node
- Stopping a Node
- Performing Rolling Upgrade for Nodes
- Formula for Calculating the Reserved Resources of a Node
- Creating a Linux LVM Disk Partition for Docker
- Data Disk Space Allocation
- Adding a Second Data Disk to a Node in a CCE Cluster
- Node Pools
-
Workloads
- Overview
- Creating a Deployment
- Creating a StatefulSet
- Creating a DaemonSet
- Creating a Job
- Creating a Cron Job
- Managing Pods
- GPU Scheduling
- NPU Scheduling
- Managing Workloads and Jobs
- Scaling a Workload
-
Configuring a Container
- Using a Third-Party Image
- Setting Container Specifications
- Setting Container Lifecycle Parameters
- Setting Container Startup Commands
- Setting Health Check for a Container
- Setting an Environment Variable
- Enabling ICMP Security Group Rules
- Configuring an Image Pull Policy
- Configuring Time Zone Synchronization
- DNS Configuration
- Pod Scale-in Priorities
- Configuring QoS Rate Limiting for Inter-Pod Access
- Adding Pod Annotations
- Affinity and Anti-Affinity Scheduling
- Networking
- Storage (CSI)
- Monitoring and Logs
- Namespaces
- Configuration Center
- Charts (Helm)
- Add-ons
- Auto Scaling
- Permissions Management
- Cloud Trace Service (CTS)
-
Best Practices
- Checklist for Deploying Containerized Applications in the Cloud
- Containerization
- Migration
- Disaster Recovery
-
Security
- Configuration Suggestions on CCE Cluster Security
- Configuration Suggestions on CCE Node Security
- Configuration Suggestions on CCE Container Runtime Security
- Configuration Suggestions on CCE Container Security
- Configuration Suggestions on CCE Container Image Security
- Configuration Suggestions on CCE Secret Security
- Auto Scaling
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- Networking
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- Container
- Permission
- Release
-
API Reference
- Before You Start
- API Overview
- Calling APIs
-
APIs
- API URL
-
Cluster Management
- Creating a Cluster
- Reading a Specified Cluster
- Listing Clusters in a Specified Project
- Updating a Specified Cluster
- Deleting a Cluster
- Hibernating a Cluster
- Waking Up a Cluster
- Obtaining a Cluster Certificate
- Modifying Cluster Specifications
- Querying a Job
- Binding/Unbinding Public API Server Address
- Obtaining Cluster Access Address
- Obtaining a Cluster's Logging Configurations
- Configuring Cluster Logs
- Obtaining the Partition List
- Creating a Partition
- Obtaining Partition Details
- Updating a Partition
- Node Management
- Node Pool Management
- Storage Management
- Add-on Management
-
Cluster Upgrade
- Upgrading a Cluster
- Obtaining Cluster Upgrade Task Details
- Retrying a Cluster Upgrade Task
- Suspending a Cluster Upgrade Task (Deprecated)
- Continuing to Execute a Cluster Upgrade Task (Deprecated)
- Obtaining a List of Cluster Upgrade Task Details
- Pre-upgrade Check
- Obtaining Details About a Pre-upgrade Check Task of a Cluster
- Obtaining a List of Pre-upgrade Check Tasks of a Cluster
- Post-upgrade Check
- Cluster Backup
- Obtaining a List of Cluster Backup Task Details
- Obtaining the Cluster Upgrade Information
- Obtaining a Cluster Upgrade Path
- Obtaining the Configuration of Cluster Upgrade Feature Gates
- Enabling the Cluster Upgrade Process Booting Task
- Obtaining a List of Upgrade Workflows
- Obtaining Details About a Specified Cluster Upgrade Task
- Updating the Status of a Specified Cluster Upgrade Booting Task
- Quota Management
- API Versions
- Tag Management
- Configuration Management
-
Chart Management
- Uploading a Chart
- Obtaining a Chart List
- Obtaining a Release List
- Updating a Chart
- Creating a Release
- Deleting a Chart
- Updating a Release
- Obtaining a Chart
- Deleting a Release
- Downloading a Chart
- Obtaining a Release
- Obtaining Chart Values
- Obtaining Historical Records of a Release
- Obtaining the Quota of a User Chart
- Kubernetes APIs
- Permissions and Supported Actions
-
Appendix
- Status Code
- Error Codes
- Obtaining a Project ID
- Obtaining an Account ID
- Specifying Add-ons to Be Installed During Cluster Creation
- How to Obtain Parameters in the API URI
- Creating a VPC and Subnet
- Creating a Key Pair
- Node Flavor Description
- Adding a Salt in the password Field When Creating a Node
- Maximum Number of Pods That Can Be Created on a Node
- Node OS
- Data Disk Space Allocation
- Attaching Disks to a Node
- SDK Reference
-
FAQs
- Common FAQ
- Billing
- Cluster
-
Node
- Node Creation
-
Node Running
- What Should I Do If a Cluster Is Available But Some Nodes Are Unavailable?
- How Do I Log In to a Node Using a Password and Reset the Password?
- How Do I Collect Logs of Nodes in a CCE Cluster?
- What Should I Do If the vdb Disk of a Node Is Damaged and the Node Cannot Be Recovered After Reset?
- What Should I Do If I/O Suspension Occasionally Occurs When SCSI EVS Disks Are Used?
- How Do I Fix an Abnormal Container or Node Due to No Thin Pool Disk Space?
- How Do I Rectify Failures When the NVIDIA Driver Is Used to Start Containers on GPU Nodes?
- Specification Change
- OSs
- Node Pool
-
Workload
-
Workload Exception Troubleshooting
- How Can I Find the Fault for an Abnormal Workload?
- What Should I Do If Pod Scheduling Fails?
- What Should I Do If a Pod Fails to Pull the Image?
- What Should I Do If Container Startup Fails?
- What Should I Do If a Pod Fails to Be Evicted?
- What Should I Do If a Storage Volume Cannot Be Mounted or the Mounting Times Out?
- What Should I Do If a Workload Remains in the Creating State?
- What Should I Do If a Pod Remains in the Terminating State?
- What Should I Do If a Workload Is Stopped Caused by Pod Deletion?
- What Should I Do If an Error Occurs When I Deploy a Service on the GPU Node?
- How Can I Locate Faults Using an Exit Code?
- Container Configuration
- Scheduling Policies
-
Others
- What Should I Do If a Cron Job Cannot Be Restarted After Being Stopped for a Period of Time?
- What Is a Headless Service When I Create a StatefulSet?
- What Should I Do If Error Message "Auth is empty" Is Displayed When a Private Image Is Pulled?
- What Is the Image Pull Policy for Containers in a CCE Cluster?
- What Can I Do If a Layer Is Missing During Image Pull?
-
Workload Exception Troubleshooting
-
Networking
-
Network Exception Troubleshooting
- How Do I Locate a Workload Networking Fault?
- Why Does the Browser Return Error Code 404 When I Access a Deployed Application?
- What Should I Do If a Container Fails to Access the Internet?
- What Should I Do If a Node Fails to Connect to the Internet (Public Network)?
- What Should I Do If Nginx Ingress Access in the Cluster Is Abnormal After the NGINX Ingress Controller Add-on Is Upgraded?
- What Could Cause Access Exceptions After Configuring an HTTPS Certificate for a LoadBalancer Ingress?
- Network Planning
- Security Hardening
-
Network Configuration
- How Can Container IP Addresses Survive a Container Restart?
- How Can I Check Whether an ENI Is Used by a Cluster?
- How Can I Delete a Security Group Rule Associated with a Deleted Subnet?
- How Can I Synchronize Certificates When Multiple Ingresses in Different Namespaces Share a Listener?
- How Can I Determine Which Ingress the Listener Settings Have Been Applied To?
-
Network Exception Troubleshooting
-
Storage
- How Do I Expand the Storage Capacity of a Container?
- What Are the Differences Among CCE Storage Classes in Terms of Persistent Storage and Multi-Node Mounting?
- Can I Create a CCE Node Without Adding a Data Disk to the Node?
- What Should I Do If the Host Cannot Be Found When Files Need to Be Uploaded to OBS During the Access to the CCE Service from a Public Network?
- How Can I Achieve Compatibility Between ExtendPathMode and Kubernetes client-go?
- Can CCE PVCs Detect Underlying Storage Faults?
- What Should I Do If a Yearly/Monthly EVS Disk Cannot Be Automatically Created?
- Namespace
-
Chart and Add-on
- What Should I Do If Installation of an Add-on Fails and "The release name is already exist" Is Displayed?
- How Do I Configure the Add-on Resource Quotas Based on Cluster Scale?
- How Can I Clean Up Residual Resources After the NGINX Ingress Controller Add-on in the Unknown State Is Deleted?
- Why TLS v1.0 and v1.1 Cannot Be Used After the NGINX Ingress Controller Add-on Is Upgraded?
-
API & kubectl FAQs
- How Can I Access a Cluster API Server?
- Can the Resources Created Using APIs or kubectl Be Displayed on the CCE Console?
- How Do I Download kubeconfig for Connecting to a Cluster Using kubectl?
- How Do I Rectify the Error Reported When Running the kubectl top node Command?
- Why Is "Error from server (Forbidden)" Displayed When I Use kubectl?
- DNS FAQs
- Image Repository FAQs
- Permissions
- Videos
Kubernetes APIs
Description
Kubernetes APIs are resource-based (RESTful) programming interfaces provided through HTTP. It supports query, creation, update, and deletion of various cluster resources using standard HTTP request methods (POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, and GET).
CCE allows you to use native Kubernetes APIs in the following ways:
- Calling Kubernetes APIs Through the Cluster API Server. It is suitable for API calls on scale thanks to its direct connection to the API Server. This is a recommended option.
- Calling Kubernetes APIs Through API Gateway. It applies to small-scale API calls. API gateway flow control may be triggered when APIs are called on scale.
Calling Kubernetes APIs Through the Cluster API Server
You can use the API server of a Kubernetes cluster to call Kubernetes-native APIs.
- Obtain the cluster certificate and API server.
- Method 1: Obtain the certificate by calling the API for obtaining the cluster certificate, save the returned information to the kubeconfig.json file, and extract the certificate, private key, and API server information. The commands are as follows:
# Obtain the certificate and save it as client.crt. cat ./kubeconfig.json |grep client-certificate-data | awk -F '"' '{print $4}' | base64 -d > ./client.crt # Obtain the private key and save it as client.key. cat ./kubeconfig.json |grep client-key-data | awk -F '"' '{print $4}' | base64 -d > ./client.key # Obtain the API server. cat ./kubeconfig.json |grep server | awk -F '"' '{print $4}'
- Method 2: Query the API server address (private or public network address) on the Cluster Information page of the CCE console and download the certificate (client.crt and client.key files).
- Method 1: Obtain the certificate by calling the API for obtaining the cluster certificate, save the returned information to the kubeconfig.json file, and extract the certificate, private key, and API server information. The commands are as follows:
- Call Kubernetes-native APIs using the cluster certificate.
For example, run the curl command to call an API to view pod information. In the following example, 192.168.0.198:5443 is the IP address of the cluster API server.
curl --cacert ./ca.crt --cert ./client.crt --key ./client.key https://192.168.0.198:5443/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/
For more cluster APIs, see Kubernetes APIs.
Calling Kubernetes APIs Through API Gateway
You can call Kubernetes-native APIs through API Gateway using the URL in the format of https://{clusterid}.Endpoint/uri. In the URL, {clusterid} indicates the cluster ID, and uri indicates the resource path, that is, the path for API access.
Parameter |
Description |
---|---|
{clusterid} |
Cluster ID. After a cluster is created, call the API for obtaining a cluster in a specified project to obtain the cluster ID. |
Endpoint |
Entry (URL) for a web service, which can be obtained from Endpoints. |
uri |
Access path of an API for performing an operation. Obtain the value from the URI of the API. For details, see Kubernetes API. |
- Obtain the token of the region where the cluster is located. For details about how to obtain the token, see Obtaining a Token.
- Obtain the cluster ID using either of the following methods:
- Method 1: Use the API for obtaining cluster information to query the cluster UID.
- Method 2: Query the cluster on the Cluster Information page of the CCE console.
- Determine the requested URL based on the URL format https://{clusterid}.Endpoint/uri.
- {clusterid}: Obtain the value by using 2.
- Endpoint: Obtaining the endpoint from the administrator.
For example, the endpoint of CCE in the Dublin region is cce.myhuaweicloud.eu.
- uri: Set this parameter based on the API to be called. For example, if you want to create a Deployment, the request method is POST and the API URI is /apis/apps/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/deployments, where {namespace} indicates the cluster namespace name. In this example, the value is default.
For more APIs, see Kubernetes APIs.
Combine the preceding parameters following the URL format https://{clusterid}.Endpoint/uri.
The following is an example of the URL for calling the API to view information about all pods:https://07da5*****.cce.ap-southeast-3.myhuaweicloud.com/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/deployments
- Use the request method specified by the API and set the request header parameters. If parameters in the body need to be added, add the structure corresponding to the API by referring to Kubernetes APIs.
Example curl command to call the API for creating a Deployment using POST and adding the corresponding body:
In this example, the nginx.json file is used to create a Deployment named nginx. The Deployment uses the nginx:latest image and contains two pods. Each pod occupies 100m CPU and 200 MiB memory.
curl --location --request POST 'https://07da5*****.cce.ap-southeast-3.myhuaweicloud.com/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/deployments' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --header 'X-Auth-Token: MIIWvw******' \ --data @nginx.json
Header parameters contained in the request are as follows:Table 2 Request header parameters Parameter
Mandatory
Type
Description
Content-Type
Yes
String
Message body type (format), for example, application/json.
X-Auth-Token
Yes
String
Requests for calling an API can be authenticated using either a token or AK/SK. If token-based authentication is used, this parameter is mandatory and must be set to a user token. For details, see Obtaining a Token.
The content of the nginx.json file is as follows:
{ "apiVersion": "apps/v1", "kind": "Deployment", "metadata": { "name": "nginx" }, "spec": { "replicas": 2, "selector": { "matchLabels": { "app": "nginx" } }, "template": { "metadata": { "labels": { "app": "nginx" } }, "spec": { "containers": [ { "image": "nginx:latest", "name": "container-0", "resources": { "limits": { "cpu": "100m", "memory": "200Mi" }, "requests": { "cpu": "100m", "memory": "200Mi" } } } ], "imagePullSecrets": [ { "name": "default-secret" } ] } } } }
Related Documents
- Accessing a Cluster Using Kubernetes APIs
- Kubernetes official SDKs (including Go, Python, and Java)
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