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更新时间：2024-11-06 GMT+08:00
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解析CSV格式日志

本文档介绍在解析Syslog或者其他文本格式时，针对数据中以特殊字符分隔的格式如何进行解析。

解析正常形式的CSV格式日志

原始日志： 
{
	"program":"access",
	"severity":6,
	"priority":14,
	"facility":1,
	"content":"198.51.100.1|10/Jun/2019:11:32:16 +0800|example.com|GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1|200|0.077|6404|198.51.100.10:8001|200|0.060|https://example.com/s?q=%25%24%23%40%21&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei|-|Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; HWI-AL00 Build/HUAWEIHWI-A00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/537.36|-|-"
}

背景需求：

  1. 当program字段值为access时，对字段content做一次PSV（pipe分隔的解析），然后丢弃content字段。
  2. 将request: GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1字段拆分为request_method、http_version以及request。
  3. http_referer做URL解码。
  4. time做格式化。

解决方案：

  1. 如果program字段值是access，则通过e_psv函数解析content内容，并删除原始字段content。 
    e_if(e_search("program==access"), e_compose(e_psv("content", "remote_addr, time_local,host,request,status,request_time,body_bytes_sent,upstream_addr,upstream_status, upstream_response_time,http_referer,http_x_forwarded_for,http_user_agent,session_id,guid", restrict=True), e_drop_fields("content")))

    返回的日志为：

    {
	"severity": 6,
	"remote_addr": "198.51.100.1",
	"request": "GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1",
	"upstream_addr": "198.51.100.10:8001",
	"body_bytes_sent": 6404,
	"session_id": "-",
	"program": "access",
	"priority": 14,
	"http_user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; HWI-AL00 Build/HUAWEIHWI-A00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/537.36",
	"upstream_status": 200,
	"request_time": "0.077",
	"http_referer": "https://example.com/s?q=%3A%2F%3A&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei",
	"upstream_response_time": "0.060",
	"host": "example.com",
	"http_x_forwarded_for": "-",
	"guid": "-",
	"facility": 1,
	"time_local": "10/Jun/2019:11:32:16 +0800",
	"status": 200
}
  2. 使用e_regex函数将request字段解析成request_method、request、http_version。 
    e_regex("request",r"^(?P<request_method>\w+) (?P<request>.+) (?P<http_version>\w+/[\d\.]+)$")

    返回的日志为：

    "request": "GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1",
"request_method": "GET",
"http_version": "HTTP/1.1"
  3. 对http_referer做URL解码。 
    e_set("http",url_decoding(v("http_referer")))

    返回的日志为：

    "http": "https://example.com/s?q=:/:&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei",
  4. 综上解决方案具体如下： 
    e_if(e_search("program==access"), e_compose(e_psv("content", "remote_addr, time_local,host,request,status,request_time,body_bytes_sent,upstream_addr,upstream_status, upstream_response_time,http_referer,http_x_forwarded_for,http_user_agent,session_id,guid", restrict=True), e_drop_fields("content")))
e_regex("request",r"^(?P<request_method>\w+) (?P<request>.+) (?P<http_version>\w+/[\d\.]+)$")
e_set("http",url_decoding(v("http_referer")))

输出的日志：

{
	"severity": 6,
	"remote_addr": "198.51.100.1",
	"request": "GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1",
	"upstream_addr": "198.51.100.10:8001",
	"body_bytes_sent": 6404,
	"session_id": "-",
	"http_version": "HTTP/1.1",
	"program": "access",
	"request_method": "GET",
	"priority": 14,
	"http_user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; HWI-AL00 Build/HUAWEIHWI-A00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/537.36",
	"upstream_status": 200,
	"request_time": "0.077",
	"http_referer": "https://example.com/s?q=%3A%2F%3A&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei",
	" upstream_response_time": "0.060",
	"host": "example.com",
	"http_x_forwarded_for": "-",
	"guid": "-",
	"http": "https://example.com/s?q=:/:&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei",
	"facility": 1,
	" time_local": "10/Jun/2019:11:32:16 +0800",
	"status": 200
}

解析非正常形式的CSV格式日志

如下日志格式存在一条异常日志信息，用户想对content进行解析。

  • 原始日志 
    {
    "content":"192.168.0.1|07/Aug/2019:11:10:37 +0800|www.learn.example.com|GET /index/htsw/?ad=5|8|6|11| HTTP/1.1|200|6.729|14559|192.168.0.1:8001|200|6.716|-|-|Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D))||"
}
  • 解决方案

    在content中的GET /index/htsw/?ad=5|8|6|11| HTTP/1.1，如果使用e_csv解析不出正确的字段，需要先把这一块提取出来，然后在content中把这块内容替换成空。

    e_regex("content", r"[^\|]+\|[^\|]+\|[^\|]+\|(?P<request>(.+)HTTP/\d.\d)")
e_set("content", regex_replace(v("content"), r"([^\|]+\|[^\|]+\|[^\|]+)\|((.+)HTTP/\d.\d)\|(.+)",replace= r"\1||\4"))
e_psv("content", "remote_addr,time_local,host,status,request_time,body_bytes_sent,upstream_addr,upstream_status, upstream_response_time,http_referer,http_x_forwarded_for,http_user_agent,session_id,guid", restrict=True)
  • 输出日志 
    {
	"request": "GET /index/htsw/?ad=5|8|6|11| HTTP/1.1",
	"remote_addr": "192.168.0.1",
	"upstream_addr": 14559,
	"body_bytes_sent": "6.729",
	"time_local": "07/Aug/2019:11:10:37 +0800",
	"session_id": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D))",
	"content": "192.168.0.1|07/Aug/2019:11:10:37 +0800|www.learn.example.com||200|6.729|14559|192.168.0.1:8001|200|6.716|-|-|Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D))||",
	"http_user_agent": "-",
	"upstream_status": "192.168.0.1:8001",
	"request_time": 200,
	"http_referer": "6.716",
	" upstream_response_time": 200,
	"host": "www.learn.example.com",
	"http_x_forwarded_for": "-",
	"guid": "",
	"status": ""
}
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