# WAF仪表盘模板
Web应用防火墙（Web Application Firewall， WAF），通过对HTTP(S)请求进行检测，识别并阻断SQL注入、跨站脚本攻击、网页木马上传、命令/代码注入、文件包含、敏感文件访问、第三方应用漏洞攻击、CC攻击、恶意爬虫扫描、跨站请求伪造等攻击，保护Web服务安全稳定。
使用[日志搜索与分析（即将下线SQL分析方式）](https://support.huaweicloud.com/usermanual-lts/lts_05_0004.html)时，对应的WAF仪表盘模板支持[查看WAF安全日志中心]和[查看WAF访问日志中心]。
#### 前提条件
- 已采集WAF日志，详情请参考[Web应用防火墙WAF接入LTS](https://support.huaweicloud.com/usermanual-lts/lts_04_0405.html)。
- 日志配置结构化，详情请参见[设置云端结构化解析日志](https://support.huaweicloud.com/usermanual-lts/lts_0821.html)。
 
 #### 查看WAF安全日志中心
1. 登录[云日志服务控制台](https://console.huaweicloud.com/lts/?#/cts/manager/groups)，进入"日志管理"页面。
2. 在左侧导航栏中选择"仪表盘"。
3. 在仪表盘模板下方，选择"WAF仪表盘模板 \> WAF安全日志中心"，查看图表详情。 
   - **被攻击网站** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT diff [ 1 ] AS  "VALUE", COALESCE ( diff [ 1 ]- diff [ 2 ], 0 ) AS "BEFORE" FROM
           (
           SELECT
           compare ( "DATA", 86400 ) AS diff 
           FROM
           ( SELECT count( DISTINCT "host" ) AS "DATA" FROM log 
           WHERE action != ''
           ))
     ```
     
   
   - **攻击来源国家** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           diff [ 1 ] AS 
           "VALUE"
           ,
           COALESCE ( diff [ 1 ]- diff [ 2 ], 0 ) AS "BEFORE" 
           FROM
           (
           SELECT
           compare ( "DATA", 86400 ) AS diff 
           FROM
           ( SELECT count( DISTINCT ip_to_country ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) ) AS "DATA" FROM log 
           WHERE action != ''
           ) 
           )
     ```
     
   
   - **Web攻击拦截** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           CASE
           WHEN
           diff [ 1 ] < 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( diff [ 1 ] AS VARCHAR ), ' 次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000 * 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 千次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 百万次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 十亿次' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 / 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 万亿次' ) 
           END AS 
           "value"
           ,
           CASE WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN 0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 ) END AS ratio 
           FROM
           ( SELECT compare ( "data", 86400 ) AS diff FROM ( SELECT count( 1 ) AS "data" FROM log WHERE action = '' ) )
     ```
     
   
   - **CC攻击拦截** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           CASE
           WHEN
           diff [ 1 ] < 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( diff [ 1 ] AS VARCHAR ), ' 次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000 * 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 千次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 百万次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 十亿次' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 / 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 万亿次' ) 
           END AS 
           "value"
           ,
           CASE WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN 0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 ) END AS ratio 
           FROM
           ( SELECT compare ( "data", 86400 ) AS diff FROM ( SELECT count( 1 ) AS "data" FROM log WHERE attack != 'default') )
     ```
     
   
   - **攻击者UV** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           CASE
           WHEN
           diff [ 1 ] < 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( cast ( diff [ 1 ] AS INTEGER ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 个' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000 * 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 千个' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 百万个' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 十亿' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 / 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 万亿' ) 
           END AS "value",
           CASE WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN 0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 ) END AS ratio 
           FROM
           (
           SELECT
           compare ( "data", 86400 ) AS diff 
           FROM
           ( SELECT count( DISTINCT CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END ) AS "data" 
           FROM log
           ))
     ```
     
   
   - **攻击拦截** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           CASE
           WHEN
           diff [ 1 ] < 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( diff [ 1 ] AS VARCHAR ), ' 次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000 * 1000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 千次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 百万次' ) 
           WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 < 1000000000 THEN
           concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 十亿次' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 / 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 万亿次' ) 
           END AS 
           "value",
           CASE WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN 0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 ) END AS "ratio" 
           FROM
           (
           SELECT
           compare ( "data", 86400 ) AS diff 
           FROM
           ( SELECT count( 1 ) AS "data" FROM log WHERE action != '') 
           )
     ```
     
   
   - **CC攻击** 图表所关联的查询分析语如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           ip_to_province (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS province,
           count( 1 ) AS "攻击次数" 
           WHERE attack != 'default' and ip_to_country(CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) = '中国'
           GROUP BY
           province
     ```
     
   
   - **攻击类型分布** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT time_format( MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP( TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time), 3600)), 'HH:mm' ) AS dt, count( 1 ) AS cnt, CASE WHEN action = 'block' THEN '拦截'  WHEN action = 'log' THEN '仅记录'  WHEN action = 'captcha' THEN '人机验证' END AS attack FROM log WHERE action != '' GROUP BY TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time), 3600), attack ORDER BY cnt DESC
     ```
     
   
   - **Web攻击** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           ip_to_province (
           CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS province,
           count( 1 ) AS "攻击次数" 
           WHERE action = 'block' and ip_to_country(CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) = '中国'
           GROUP BY
           province
     ```
     
   
   - **CC攻击(世界)** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           ip_to_country (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS country,
           count( 1 ) AS "攻击次数" 
           WHERE attack != 'default'
           GROUP BY
           country
     ```
     
   
   - **Web攻击(世界)** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT
           ip_to_country (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS country,
           count( 1 ) AS "攻击次数" 
           WHERE action = 'block'
           GROUP BY
           country
     ```
     
   
   
   
   
 
 #### 查看WAF访问日志中心
1. 在仪表盘模板下方，选择"WAF仪表盘模板 \> WAF访问日志中心"，查看图表详情。 
   - **PV** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       CASE               WHEN       diff [ 1 ] < 1000 THEN       concat( cast( diff [ 1 ] AS VARCHAR ), ' 次' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000 * 1000 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 千次' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000000000 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 百万次' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 < 1000000000 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000 / 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 十亿次' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 / 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 万亿次' )        END AS        "VALUE"       ,       CASE WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN 0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 ) END AS ratio        FROM       (       SELECT       compare ( DATA, 86400 ) AS diff        FROM       ( SELECT count( 1 ) AS DATA FROM log )        )
     ```
     
   
   - **UV** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       CASE               WHEN       diff [ 1 ] < 1000 THEN       concat( cast( diff [ 1 ] AS VARCHAR ), ' 次' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000 * 1000 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 千次' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1000000000 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 百万次' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 < 1000000000 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000 / 1000000.0, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 十亿次' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 / 1000, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' 万亿次' )        END AS        "VALUE"       ,       CASE               WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN       0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 )       END AS ratio        FROM       (       SELECT       compare ( DATA, 86400 ) AS diff        FROM       ( SELECT count( DISTINCT CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END ) AS "DATA" FROM log )        )
     ```
     
   
   - **流入流量** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       CASE               WHEN       diff [ 1 ] < 102 THEN       concat( cast( diff [ 1 ] AS VARCHAR ), ' B' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1024 * 1024 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' KB' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1024 * 1024 * 1024 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' MB' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 < 1024 * 1024 * 1024 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' GB' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024 / 1024 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' TB' )        END AS        "VALUE"       ,       CASE               WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN       0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 )       END AS ratio        FROM       (       SELECT       compare ( "DATA", 86400 ) AS diff        FROM       ( SELECT COALESCE ( sum( request_length ), 0 ) AS "DATA" FROM log )        )
     ```
     
   
   - **网络in带宽峰值** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       CASE               WHEN       diff [ 1 ] < 102 THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ], 2 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' B/s' )        WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1024 * 1024  THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' KB/s' )         WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1024 * 1024 * 1024  THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' MB/s' )          WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 < 1024 * 1024 * 1024  THEN       concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' GB/s' )  ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024 / 1024 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' TB/s' )        END AS        "VALUE"       ,       CASE               WHEN diff [ 2 ]= 0 THEN       0 ELSE round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 )       END AS ratio        FROM       (       SELECT       compare ( "DATA", 86400 ) AS diff        FROM       (       SELECT COALESCE       ( max( "DATA" ), 0 ) AS "DATA"        FROM       ( SELECT TIME_FLOOR(__time,'PT1M') AS dt, sum( request_length )/ 60.0 AS "DATA" FROM log GROUP BY dt  LIMIT 10000 ))        )
     ```
     
   
   - **网络out带宽峰值** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT CASE WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 102 THEN concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ], 2 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' B/s' )  WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1024 * 1024 THEN concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' KB/s' ) WHEN diff [ 1 ] < 1024 * 1024 * 1024 THEN concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' MB/s' ) WHEN diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 < 1024 * 1024 * 1024 THEN concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' GB/s' ) ELSE concat( cast( round( diff [ 1 ]/ 1024.0 / 1024 / 1024 / 1024, 1 ) AS VARCHAR ), ' TB/s' ) END AS "value", case when diff [ 2 ]= 0 then 0 else round( diff [ 3 ]- 1, 2 ) END AS "ratio" FROM ( SELECT compare ( "DATA", 86400 ) AS diff FROM ( SELECT COALESCE ( max( bytes_out ), 0 ) AS "DATA" FROM ( SELECT time_ceil( __time,'PT1M') AS dt, sum( body_bytes_sent )/ 60.0 AS bytes_out FROM log GROUP BY dt LIMIT 10000 )))
     ```
     
   
   - **流量带宽趋势** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       TIME_FORMAT( MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP( TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) , 600000)), 'HH:mm' ) AS dt,       round( sum( request_length )/ 1024.0 / 600, 2 ) AS "流入流量(KB/s)",       round( sum( body_bytes_sent )/ 1024.0 / 600, 2 ) AS "流出流量(KB/s)"    where   request_length is not null    GROUP BY       TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) , 600000)       ORDER BY       dt        LIMIT 1000
     ```
     
   
   - **PV/UV趋势** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       TIME_FORMAT(MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP( TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) , 3600000)) , 'HH:mm' ) AS dt,       count( 1 ) AS PV,       APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip       END) AS UV       FROM log       GROUP BY       TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) , 3600000)        ORDER BY       dt        LIMIT 1000
     ```
     
   
   - **访问状态分布** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       TIME_FORMAT(MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP( TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) , 3600000)) , 'HH:mm' ) AS dt,       count( 1 ) AS cnt,       concat( cast( "response_code" / 100 AS VARCHAR ), 'XX' ) AS "status"        GROUP BY       TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) - MOD(TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(__time) , 3600000) ,       "response_code" / 100        ORDER BY       dt DESC        LIMIT 10000
     ```
     
   
   - **访问来源** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       ip_to_province (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS country,       count( 1 ) AS "访问次数"    where ip_to_country(CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) = '中国'    GROUP BY       country
     ```
     
   
   - **流入流量来源（中国）** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       ip_to_province (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS region,       round( sum( request_length )/ 1024.0 / 1024, 4 ) AS "流入流量(MB)"  where ip_to_country(CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) = '中国'     GROUP BY       region
     ```
     
   
   - **流入流量来源（世界）** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       ip_to_country (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS region,       round( sum( request_length )/ 1024.0 / 1024, 4 ) AS "流入流量(MB)"   where   request_length is not null     GROUP BY       region
     ```
     
   
   - **来源网络提供商** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT       ip_to_provider (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) AS provider,       round( sum( request_length )/ 1024.0 / 1024.0, 3 ) AS mb_in       GROUP BY       provider        HAVING       ip_to_provider (CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END) != '*'        ORDER BY       mb_in DESC        LIMIT 10
     ```
     
   
   - **访问域名** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT        http_host,       count( 1 ) AS "被访问次数"        GROUP BY       http_host        ORDER BY       "被访问次数" DESC        LIMIT 30
     ```
     
   
   - **响应最慢的URL** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT http_host AS "网站",url_extract_path (COALESCE ( url, '/' )) AS URL,sum( request_time )/ count( 1 ) AS "响应时间(毫秒)",count( 1 ) AS "访问次数" GROUP BY http_host, url ORDER BY "响应时间(毫秒)" DESC  LIMIT 100
     ```
     
   
   - **访问最多的客户端** 图表所关联的查询分析语句如下所示：
     ```
     SELECT  ip AS "客户端",  client AS "地理网络",  concat(  cast( (CASE WHEN pv IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE pv END) AS VARCHAR ),  ' (',  cast( case when  head_pv  = 'null'  then 0 else (case when head_pv > 0 then head_pv else 0 end) end AS VARCHAR ),  '/',  cast( case when  get_pv  = 'null'  then 0 else (case when get_pv > 0 then get_pv else 0 end) end AS VARCHAR ),  '/',  cast( case when  put_pv  = 'null'  then 0 else (case when put_pv > 0 then put_pv else 0 end) end AS VARCHAR ),  '/',  cast( case when  post_pv  = 'null'  then 0 else (case when post_pv > 0 then post_pv else 0 end) end AS VARCHAR ),  '/',  cast( case when  delete_pv  = 'null'  then 0 else (case when delete_pv > 0 then delete_pv else 0 end) end AS VARCHAR ),  '/',  ')'   ) AS "PV (Head, Get, Put, Post, Delete方法)",  error_count AS "错误访问次数"   FROM  (  SELECT  ip,  client,  sum( CASE WHEN "method" = 'PUT' AND "status" < 400 THEN pv ELSE 0 END ) AS put_pv,  sum( CASE WHEN "method" = 'GET' AND "status" < 400 THEN pv ELSE 0 END ) AS get_pv,  sum( CASE WHEN "method" = 'POST' AND "status" < 400 THEN pv ELSE 0 END ) AS post_pv,  sum( CASE WHEN "method" = 'DELETE' AND "status" < 400 THEN pv ELSE 0 END ) AS delete_pv,  sum( CASE WHEN "method" = 'HEAD' AND "status" < 400 THEN pv ELSE 0 END ) AS head_pv,  sum( throughput ) AS throughput,  sum( pv ) AS pv,  sum( CASE WHEN "status" < 400 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END ) AS error_count   FROM  (  SELECT  CASE     WHEN  sip = '-' THEN  remote_ip ELSE sip   END AS ip,  "method",  CASE     WHEN ip_to_country ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END )= '上海' THEN  '中国上海'   WHEN ip_to_province ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END )= '*' THEN  '未知IP'   WHEN ip_to_provider ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END )= '内网IP' THEN  '内网IP' ELSE concat(  ip_to_country ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END ),  '/',  ip_to_province ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END ),  '/',  CASE     WHEN ip_to_city ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END )= '*' THEN  ' ' ELSE ip_to_city ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END )   END,  ' ',  ip_to_provider ( CASE WHEN sip = '-' THEN remote_ip ELSE sip END ))   END AS client,  sum( CASE WHEN "response_code" < 400 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END ) AS pv,  round( sum( request_length )/ 1024.0 / 1024, 1 ) AS throughput,  "response_code" AS "status"   FROM     log  GROUP BY  ip,  client,  "method",  "response_code"   ORDER BY  pv DESC,  client,  "method"   LIMIT 1000  )   GROUP BY  ip,  client   ORDER BY  pv DESC   )   LIMIT 100
     ```