更新时间:2025-11-07 GMT+08:00

文件完整性管理概述

什么是文件完整性管理

文件完整性管理功能可实时监控服务器上的关键文件和目录,对创建、修改、删除、移动文件或目录,以及修改文件或目录属性的操作进行告警并记录,有助于用户及时发现可能的攻击性更改。

文件完整性监控原理

通过比对上一次扫描的文件状态和当前文件状态,分析确定文件是否遭到可疑的更改。

文件完整性监控范围

不同操作系统的监控内容和范围如下:

Linux文件完整性监控支持以下两种监控模式:

  • 关键文件完整性检测

    实时监控系统关键文件(例如:ls、ps、login、top等),对修改文件内容的操作进行告警并记录,提醒用户关键文件可能被篡改。默认监控文件请参见表1

  • 关键文件目录变更检测

    监控系统文件或目录,对创建、修改、删除、移动文件或目录,以及修改文件或目录属性的操作进行记录,提醒用户文件或目录可能被篡改。默认监控路径日常运营模式请参见表2,护网重保模式请参见表3

如果您需要自定义添加或删除监控的文件、目录路径,可以修改“文件保护”策略中的“关键文件完整性检测”“关键文件目录变更检测”部分的内容,详细操作请参考配置策略

表1 Linux关键文件完整性检测默认监控文件

类型

监控文件

bin

  • /bin/ls
  • /bin/ps
  • /bin/bash
  • /bin/login

usr

  • /usr/bin/ls
  • /usr/bin/ps
  • /usr/bin/bash
  • /usr/bin/login
  • /usr/bin/passwd
  • /usr/bin/top
  • /usr/bin/killall
  • /usr/bin/ssh
  • /usr/bin/wget
  • /usr/bin/curl
表2 Linux关键文件目录变更检测默认监控路径(日常运营模式)

文件或目录路径

别名

监控类型

监控子目录

监控创建

监控修改属性

监控删除

监控移动

监控修改

/etc/rc.d/rc.local

rx-local

×

×

/etc/crontab

crontab

×

×

/var/spool/cron/root

spool-cron

×

×

/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

spool-cron

×

×

/etc/cron.allow

cron-allow

×

×

/etc/passwd

passwd

×

×

/etc/profile.d/zzz_euleros_history.sh

zzz_euleros_history_sh

×

×

/etc/profile

profile

×

×

/root/.bashrc

bashrc

×

×

/root/.bash_profile

bash_profile

×

×

/root/.cshrc

cshrc

×

×

/etc/ld.so.preload

so_preload

×

×

/etc/profile.d/sec_euleros_history.sh

sec_euleros_history_sh

×

×

/etc/shells

shells

×

×

/usr/sbin/adduser

usr_sbin_adduser

×

×

/usr/sbin/chkconfig

usr_sbin_chkconfig

×

×

/usr/sbin/chroot

usr_sbin_chroot

×

×

/usr/sbin/depmod

usr_sbin_depmod

×

×

/usr/sbin/fsck

usr_sbin_fsck

×

×

/usr/sbin/fuser

usr_sbin_fuser

×

×

/usr/sbin/groupadd

usr_sbin_groupadd

×

×

/usr/sbin/groupdel

usr_sbin_groupdel

×

×

/usr/sbin/groupmod

usr_sbin_groupmod

×

×

/usr/sbin/grpck

usr_sbin_grpck

×

×

/usr/sbin/ifconfig

usr_sbin_ifconfig

×

×

/usr/sbin/ifdown

usr_sbin_ifdown

×

×

/usr/sbin/ifup

usr_sbin_ifup

×

×

/usr/sbin/init

usr_sbin_init

×

×

/usr/sbin/insmod

usr_sbin_insmod

×

×

/usr/sbin/ip

usr_sbin_ip

×

×

/usr/sbin/lsmod

usr_sbin_lsmod

×

×

/usr/sbin/lsof

usr_sbin_lsof

×

×

/usr/sbin/modinfo

usr_sbin_modinfo

×

×

/usr/sbin/modprobe

usr_sbin_modprobe

×

×

/usr/sbin/nologin

usr_sbin_nologin

×

×

/usr/sbin/pwck

usr_sbin_pwck

×

×

/usr/sbin/rmmod

usr_sbin_rmmod

×

×

/usr/sbin/route

usr_sbin_route

×

×

/usr/sbin/rsyslogd

usr_sbin_rsyslogd

×

×

/usr/sbin/runlevel

usr_sbin_runlevel

×

×

/usr/sbin/sestatus

usr_sbin_sestatus

×

×

/usr/sbin/sshd

usr_sbin_sshd

×

×

/usr/sbin/sulogin

usr_sbin_sulogin

×

×

/usr/sbin/sysctl

usr_sbin_sysctl

×

×

/usr/sbin/useradd

usr_sbin_useradd

×

×

/usr/sbin/userdel

usr_sbin_userdel

×

×

/usr/sbin/usermod

usr_sbin_usermod

×

×

/usr/sbin/vipw

usr_sbin_vipw

×

×

/usr/bin/awk

usr_bin_awk

×

×

/usr/bin/basename

usr_bin_basename

×

×

/usr/bin/bash

usr_bin_bash

×

×

/usr/bin/cat

usr_bin_cat

×

×

/usr/bin/chattr

usr_bin_chattr

×

×

/usr/bin/chmod

usr_bin_chmod

×

×

/usr/bin/chown

usr_bin_chown

×

×

/usr/bin/cp

usr_bin_cp

×

×

/usr/bin/curl

usr_bin_curl

×

×

/usr/bin/cut

usr_bin_cut

×

×

/usr/bin/date

usr_bin_date

×

×

/usr/bin/df

usr_bin_df

×

×

/usr/bin/diff

usr_bin_diff

×

×

/usr/bin/dirname

usr_bin_dirname

×

×

/usr/bin/dmesg

usr_bin_dmesg

×

×

/usr/bin/du

usr_bin_du

×

×

/usr/bin/echo

usr_bin_echo

×

×

/usr/bin/ed

usr_bin_ed

×

×

/usr/bin/egrep

usr_bin_egrep

×

×

/usr/bin/env

usr_bin_env

×

×

/usr/bin/fgrep

usr_bin_fgrep

×

×

/usr/bin/file

usr_bin_file

×

×

/usr/bin/find

usr_bin_find

×

×

/usr/bin/grep

usr_bin_grep

×

×

/usr/bin/groups

usr_bin_groups

×

×

/usr/bin/head

usr_bin_head

×

×

/usr/bin/id

usr_bin_id

×

×

/usr/bin/ipcs

usr_bin_ipcs

×

×

/usr/bin/kill

usr_bin_kill

×

×

/usr/bin/killall

usr_bin_killall

×

×

/usr/bin/last

usr_bin_last

×

×

/usr/bin/lastlog

usr_bin_lastlog

×

×

/usr/bin/ldd

usr_bin_ldd

×

×

/usr/bin/less

usr_bin_less

×

×

/usr/bin/logger

usr_bin_logger

×

×

/usr/bin/login

usr_bin_login

×

×

/usr/bin/ls

usr_bin_ls

×

×

/usr/bin/lsattr

usr_bin_lsattr

×

×

/usr/bin/mail

usr_bin_mail

×

×

/usr/bin/md5sum

usr_bin_md5sum

×

×

/usr/bin/mktemp

usr_bin_mktemp

×

×

/usr/bin/more

usr_bin_more

×

×

/usr/bin/mount

usr_bin_mount

×

×

/usr/bin/mv

usr_bin_mv

×

×

/usr/bin/netstat

usr_bin_netstat

×

×

/usr/bin/newgrp

usr_bin_newgrp

×

×

/usr/bin/passwd

usr_bin_passwd

×

×

/usr/bin/perl

usr_bin_perl

×

×

/usr/bin/pgrep

usr_bin_pgrep

×

×

/usr/bin/ping

usr_bin_ping

×

×

/usr/bin/pkill

usr_bin_pkill

×

×

/usr/bin/ps

usr_bin_ps

×

×

/usr/bin/pstree

usr_bin_pstree

×

×

/usr/bin/pwd

usr_bin_pwd

×

×

/usr/bin/readlink

usr_bin_readlink

×

×

/usr/bin/rpm

usr_bin_rpm

×

×

/usr/bin/runcon

usr_bin_runcon

×

×

/usr/bin/sed

usr_bin_sed

×

×

/usr/bin/sh

usr_bin_sh

×

×

/usr/bin/sha1sum

usr_bin_sha1sum

×

×

/usr/bin/sha224sum

usr_bin_sha224sum

×

×

/usr/bin/sha256sum

usr_bin_sha256sum

×

×

/usr/bin/sha384sum

usr_bin_sha384sum

×

×

/usr/bin/sha512sum

usr_bin_sha512sum

×

×

/usr/bin/size

usr_bin_size

×

×

/usr/bin/sort

usr_bin_sort

×

×

/usr/bin/ssh

usr_bin_ssh

×

×

/usr/bin/stat

usr_bin_stat

×

×

/usr/bin/strace

usr_bin_strace

×

×

/usr/bin/strings

usr_bin_strings

×

×

/usr/bin/su

usr_bin_su

×

×

/usr/bin/sudo

usr_bin_sudo

×

×

/usr/bin/tail

usr_bin_tail

×

×

/usr/bin/test

usr_bin_test

×

×

/usr/bin/top

usr_bin_top

×

×

/usr/bin/touch

usr_bin_touch

×

×

/usr/bin/tr

usr_bin_tr

×

×

/usr/bin/uname

usr_bin_uname

×

×

/usr/bin/uniq

usr_bin_uniq

×

×

/usr/bin/users

usr_bin_users

×

×

/usr/bin/vmstat

usr_bin_vmstat

×

×

/usr/bin/w

usr_bin_w

×

×

/usr/bin/watch

usr_bin_watch

×

×

/usr/bin/wc

usr_bin_wc

×

×

/usr/bin/wget

usr_bin_wget

×

×

/usr/bin/whatis

usr_bin_whatis

×

×

/usr/bin/whereis

usr_bin_whereis

×

×

/usr/bin/which

usr_bin_which

×

×

/usr/bin/who

usr_bin_who

×

×

/usr/bin/whoami

usr_bin_whoami

×

×

/usr/bin/numfmt

usr_bin_numfmt

×

×

/usr/bin/kmod

usr_bin_kmod

×

×

/usr/bin/systemctl

usr_bin_systemctl

×

×

/usr/bin/gawk

usr_bin_gawk

×

×

/usr/bin/mailx

usr_bin_mailx

×

×

/usr/lib/systemd/systemd

usr_lib_systemd_systemd

×

×

/usr/bin/nmcli

usr_bin_nmcli

×

×

/usr/bin/scp

usr_bin_scp

×

×

/usr/bin/tar

usr_bin_tar

×

×

/usr/bin/chfn

usr_bin_chfn

×

×

/usr/bin/chsh

usr_bin_chsh

×

×

/usr/bin/crontab

usr_bin_crontab

×

×

/usr/sbin/pidof

usr_sbin_pidof

×

×

/usr/bin/slogin

usr_bin_slogin

×

×

/usr/sbin/sendmail

usr_sbin_sendmail

×

×

/usr/sbin/tcpdump

usr_sbin_tcpdump

×

×

/sbin/adduser

sbin_adduser

×

×

/sbin/chkconfig

sbin_chkconfig

×

×

/sbin/chroot

sbin_chroot

×

×

/sbin/depmod

sbin_depmod

×

×

/sbin/fsck

sbin_fsck

×

×

/sbin/fuser

sbin_fuser

×

×

/sbin/groupadd

sbin_groupadd

×

×

/sbin/groupdel

sbin_groupdel

×

×

/sbin/groupmod

sbin_groupmod

×

×

/sbin/grpck

sbin_grpck

×

×

/sbin/ifconfig

sbin_ifconfig

×

×

/sbin/ifdown

sbin_ifdown

×

×

/sbin/ifup

sbin_ifup

×

×

/sbin/init

sbin_init

×

×

/sbin/insmod

sbin_insmod

×

×

/sbin/ip

sbin_ip

×

×

/sbin/lsmod

sbin_lsmod

×

×

/sbin/lsof

sbin_lsof

×

×

/sbin/modinfo

sbin_modinfo

×

×

/sbin/modprobe

sbin_modprobe

×

×

/sbin/nologin

sbin_nologin

×

×

/sbin/pwck

sbin_pwck

×

×

/sbin/rmmod

sbin_rmmod

×

×

/sbin/route

sbin_route

×

×

/sbin/rsyslogd

sbin_rsyslogd

×

×

/sbin/runlevel

sbin_runlevel

×

×

/sbin/sestatus

sbin_sestatus

×

×

/sbin/sshd

sbin_sshd

×

×

/sbin/sulogin

sbin_sulogin

×

×

/sbin/sysctl

sbin_sysctl

×

×

/sbin/useradd

sbin_useradd

×

×

/sbin/userdel

sbin_userdel

×

×

/sbin/usermod

sbin_usermod

×

×

/sbin/vipw

sbin_vipw

×

×

/sbin/pidof

sbin_pidof

×

×

/sbin/sendmail

sbin_sendmail

×

×

/sbin/tcpdump

sbin_tcpdump

×

×

/usr/bin/vdir

usr_bin_vdir

×

×

/usr/bin/write

usr_bin_write

×

×

/bin/awk

bin_awk

×

×

/bin/basename

bin_basename

×

×

/bin/bash

bin_bash

×

×

/bin/cat

bin_cat

×

×

/bin/chattr

bin_chattr

×

×

/bin/chmod

bin_chmod

×

×

/bin/chown

bin_chown

×

×

/bin/cp

bin_cp

×

×

/bin/curl

bin_curl

×

×

/bin/cut

bin_cut

×

×

/bin/date

bin_date

×

×

/bin/df

bin_df

×

×

/bin/diff

bin_diff

×

×

/bin/dirname

bin_dirname

×

×

/bin/dmesg

bin_dmesg

×

×

/bin/du

bin_du

×

×

/bin/echo

bin_echo

×

×

/bin/ed

bin_ed

×

×

/bin/egrep

bin_egrep

×

×

/bin/env

bin_env

×

×

/bin/fgrep

bin_fgrep

×

×

/bin/file

bin_file

×

×

/bin/find

bin_find

×

×

/bin/grep

bin_grep

×

×

/bin/groups

bin_groups

×

×

/bin/head

bin_head

×

×

/bin/id

bin_id

×

×

/bin/ipcs

bin_ipcs

×

×

/bin/kill

bin_kill

×

×

/bin/killall

bin_killall

×

×

/bin/last

bin_last

×

×

/bin/lastlog

bin_lastlog

×

×

/bin/ldd

bin_ldd

×

×

/bin/less

bin_less

×

×

/bin/logger

bin_logger

×

×

/bin/login

bin_login

×

×

/bin/ls

bin_ls

×

×

/bin/lsattr

bin_lsattr

×

×

/bin/mail

bin_mail

×

×

/bin/md5sum

bin_md5sum

×

×

/bin/mktemp

bin_mktemp

×

×

/bin/more

bin_more

×

×

/bin/mount

bin_mount

×

×

/bin/mv

bin_mv

×

×

/bin/netstat

bin_netstat

×

×

/bin/newgrp

bin_newgrp

×

×

/bin/passwd

bin_passwd

×

×

/bin/perl

bin_perl

×

×

/bin/pgrep

bin_pgrep

×

×

/bin/ping

bin_ping

×

×

/bin/pkill

bin_pkill

×

×

/bin/ps

bin_ps

×

×

/bin/pstree

bin_pstree

×

×

/bin/pwd

bin_pwd

×

×

/bin/readlink

bin_readlink

×

×

/bin/rpm

bin_rpm

×

×

/bin/runcon

bin_runcon

×

×

/bin/sed

bin_sed

×

×

/bin/sh

bin_sh

×

×

/bin/sha1sum

bin_sha1sum

×

×

/bin/sha224sum

bin_sha224sum

×

×

/bin/sha256sum

bin_sha256sum

×

×

/bin/sha384sum

bin_sha384sum

×

×

/bin/sha512sum

bin_sha512sum

×

×

/bin/size

bin_size

×

×

/bin/sort

bin_sort

×

×

/bin/ssh

bin_ssh

×

×

/bin/stat

bin_stat

×

×

/bin/strace

bin_strace

×

×

/bin/strings

bin_strings

×

×

/bin/su

bin_su

×

×

/bin/sudo

bin_sudo

×

×

/bin/tail

bin_tail

×

×

/bin/test

bin_test

×

×

/bin/top

bin_top

×

×

/bin/touch

bin_touch

×

×

/bin/tr

bin_tr

×

×

/bin/uname

bin_uname

×

×

/bin/uniq

bin_uniq

×

×

/bin/users

bin_users

×

×

/bin/vmstat

bin_vmstat

×

×

/bin/w

bin_w

×

×

/bin/watch

bin_watch

×

×

/bin/wc

bin_wc

×

×

/bin/wget

bin_wget

×

×

/bin/whatis

bin_whatis

×

×

/bin/whereis

bin_whereis

×

×

/bin/which

bin_which

×

×

/bin/who

bin_who

×

×

/bin/whoami

bin_whoami

×

×

/bin/numfmt

bin_numfmt

×

×

/bin/kmod

bin_kmod

×

×

/bin/systemctl

bin_systemctl

×

×

/bin/gawk

bin_gawk

×

×

/bin/mailx

bin_mailx

×

×

/bin/nmcli

bin_nmcli

×

×

/bin/scp

bin_scp

×

×

/bin/tar

bin_tar

×

×

/bin/chfn

bin_chfn

×

×

/bin/chsh

bin_chsh

×

×

/bin/crontab

bin_crontab

×

×

/bin/slogin

bin_slogin

×

×

/bin/vdir

bin_vdir

×

×

/bin/write

bin_write

×

×

表3 Linux关键文件目录变更检测默认监控路径(护网/重保模式)

文件或目录路径

别名

监控类型

监控子目录

监控创建

监控修改属性

监控删除

监控移动

监控修改

/etc/init.d

startup

/etc/rc.d/init.d

rc-startup

/etc/rc.d/rc.local

rx-local

×

/etc/systemd/system

system

/etc/systemd/user

user

/etc/crontab

crontab

×

/var/spool/cron

spool-cron

×

/etc/cron.daily

cron-daily

/etc/cron.hourly

cron-hourly

/etc/cron.monthly

cron.monthly

/etc/cron.weekly

cron.weekly

/etc/cron.allow

cron.allow

×

/etc/passwd

passwd

×

/etc/profile.d/zzz_euleros_history.sh

zzz_euleros_history.sh

×

/etc/profile

profile

×

/root/.bashrc

bashrc

×

/root/.bash_profile

bash_profile

×

/root/.cshrc

cshrc

×

/etc/ld.so.preload

so.preload

×

/etc/profile.d/sec_euleros_history.sh

sec_euleros_history_sh

×

/etc/shells

shells

×

/usr/bin

bin

×

/bin

bin

×

/usr/sbin

sbin

×

/sbin

sbin

×

/usr/lib

lib

×

/lib

lib

×

/usr/lib64

lib64

×

/lib64

lib64

×

Windows文件完整性监控对关键文件目录变更进行检测,监控系统文件或目录,对创建、修改、删除、移动文件或目录的操作进行记录,提醒用户文件或目录可能被篡改。默认监控路径请参见表4

如果您需要自定义添加或删除监控的文件、目录路径,可以修改“文件保护”策略,详细操作请参考配置策略

表4 Windows关键文件目录变更检测默认监控路径

文件或目录路径

别名

监控类型

监控子目录

文件类型后缀

监控创建

监控删除

监控移动

监控修改

c:\Windows

windows

×

exe、dll、ocx、sys、cmd、com、vbs、bat

C:\Windows\System32

system32

×

exe、dll、ocx、sys、cmd、com、vbs、bat

C:\Windows\SysWOW64

SysWOW64

×

exe、dll、ocx、sys、cmd、com、vbs、bat

C:\Windows\System32\drivers

drivers

×

sys

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

etc

×

约束与限制

文件完整性管理功能仅企业主机安全专业版、企业版、旗舰版、网页防篡改版、容器版支持。购买和升级企业主机安全的操作,请参见购买主机安全防护配额升级防护配额

相关文档

文件完整性监控范围设置完成后,您可以定期查看是否存在文件变更事件,操作详情请参见查看文件变更事件