更新时间：2024-12-04 GMT+08:00
通过kubectl对接多个集群
应用现状
在使用CCE时，通常会创建多个集群，如何方便快速的连接多个集群，成为一个问题。
解决方案
本文介绍一种通过修改kubeconfig.json配置文件配置多集群访问的方法，在kubeconfig.json中定义多个上下文、用户和集群。在使用时则只需要使用kubectl config use-context切换上下文连接到不同的集群。
图1 kubectl对接多集群示意
前提条件
kubectl需要能够访问多个集群。
kubeconfig.json文件详解
kubeconfig.json是kubectl的配置文件，您可以在集群详情页面下载。
kubeconfig.json文件内容如下所示。
{
"kind": "Config",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"preferences": {},
"clusters": [{
"name": "internalCluster",
"cluster": {
"server": "https://192.168.0.85:5443",
"certificate-authority-data": "LS0tLS1CRUULIE..."
}
}, {
"name": "externalCluster",
"cluster": {
"server": "https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443",
"insecure-skip-tls-verify": true
}
}],
"users": [{
"name": "user",
"user": {
"client-certificate-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJ...",
"client-key-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBS..."
}
}],
"contexts": [{
"name": "internal",
"context": {
"cluster": "internalCluster",
"user": "user"
}
}, {
"name": "external",
"context": {
"cluster": "externalCluster",
"user": "user"
}
}],
"current-context": "external"
}
其中主要分为3部分内容。
- clusters：描述集群的信息，主要是集群的访问地址。
- users：描述访问集群访问用户的信息，主要是client-certificate-data和client-key-data这两个证书文件内容。
- contexts：描述配置的上下文，用于使用时切换。上下文会关联user和cluster，也就是定义使用哪个user去访问哪个集群。
从上面的kubeconfig.json文件可以看出，此处将集群的内网地址和公网访问地址分别定义成一个集群，且定义了两个上下文，从而能够通过切换上下文选择使用不同的地址访问集群。
配置多集群访问
下面以配置2个集群为例演示如何修改kubeconfig.json文件访问多个集群。
为简洁文档篇幅，如下示例选取公网访问的方式，删除内网访问方式。如果您需要在内网访问多集群，只需要保留内网访问的集群clusters字段，保证能够从内网访问到集群即可，其方法与下面内容并无本质区别。
- 分别下载2个集群的kubeconfig.json文件，删除内网访问内容，如下所示。
- 集群A：
{ "kind": "Config", "apiVersion": "v1", "preferences": {}, "clusters": [ { "name": "externalCluster", "cluster": { "server": "https://119.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443", "insecure-skip-tls-verify": true } }], "users": [{ "name": "user", "user": { "client-certificate-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTxM...", "client-key-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiB...." } }], "contexts": [{ "name": "external", "context": { "cluster": "externalCluster", "user": "user" } }], "current-context": "external" } - 集群B：
{ "kind": "Config", "apiVersion": "v1", "preferences": {}, "clusters": [ { "name": "externalCluster", "cluster": { "server": "https://124.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443", "insecure-skip-tls-verify": true } }], "users": [{ "name": "user", "user": { "client-certificate-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTxM...", "client-key-data": "LS0rTUideUdJTiB...." } }], "contexts": [{ "name": "external", "context": { "cluster": "externalCluster", "user": "user" } }], "current-context": "external" }此时这两个文件除了集群访问地址clusters.cluster.server和user字段的client-certificate-data和client-key-data字段内容不同，文件结构完全一致。
- 集群A：
- 修改两个配置文件中的名称，如下所示。
- 集群A：
{ "kind": "Config", "apiVersion": "v1", "preferences": {}, "clusters": [ { "name": "Cluster-A", "cluster": { "server": "https://119.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443", "insecure-skip-tls-verify": true } }], "users": [{ "name": "Cluster-A-user", "user": { "client-certificate-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTxM...", "client-key-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiB...." } }], "contexts": [{ "name": "Cluster-A-Context", "context": { "cluster": "Cluster-A", "user": "Cluster-A-user" } }], "current-context": "Cluster-A-Context" } - 集群B：
{ "kind": "Config", "apiVersion": "v1", "preferences": {}, "clusters": [ { "name": "Cluster-B", "cluster": { "server": "https://124.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443", "insecure-skip-tls-verify": true } }], "users": [{ "name": "Cluster-B-user", "user": { "client-certificate-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTxM...", "client-key-data": "LS0rTUideUdJTiB...." } }], "contexts": [{ "name": "Cluster-B-Context", "context": { "cluster": "Cluster-B", "user": "Cluster-B-user" } }], "current-context": "Cluster-B-Context" }
- 集群A：
- 将两个文件的内容合并。
文件结构不变，将clusters、users和contexts的内容合并即可，如下所示。
{ "kind": "Config", "apiVersion": "v1", "preferences": {}, "clusters": [ { "name": "Cluster-A", "cluster": { "server": "https://119.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443", "insecure-skip-tls-verify": true } }, { "name": "Cluster-B", "cluster": { "server": "https://124.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443", "insecure-skip-tls-verify": true } }], "users": [{ "name": "Cluster-A-user", "user": { "client-certificate-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTxM...", "client-key-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiB...." } }, { "name": "Cluster-B-user", "user": { "client-certificate-data": "LS0tLS1CRUdJTxM...", "client-key-data": "LS0rTUideUdJTiB...." } }], "contexts": [{ "name": "Cluster-A-Context", "context": { "cluster": "Cluster-A", "user": "Cluster-A-user" } }, { "name": "Cluster-B-Context", "context": { "cluster": "Cluster-B", "user": "Cluster-B-user" } }], "current-context": "Cluster-A-Context" }
配置验证
将两个文件内容合并到一个kubeconfig.json后，执行如下命令将文件复制到kubectl配置路径下。
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
mv -f kubeconfig.json $HOME/.kube/config
执行kubectl命令是否能够连接两个集群。
# kubectl config use-context Cluster-A-Context Switched to context "Cluster-A-Context". # kubectl cluster-info Kubernetes control plane is running at https://119.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443 CoreDNS is running at https://119.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/coredns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'. # kubectl config use-context Cluster-B-Context Switched to context "Cluster-B-Context". # kubectl cluster-info Kubernetes control plane is running at https://124.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443 CoreDNS is running at https://124.xxx.xxx.xxx:5443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/coredns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
父主题： 集群
